Introduction to Artificial IntelligenceCS 438 Spring 2008

What is the I in AI?• What do we do that is intelligent?• Formal Tasks

– Game playing– Mathematics– Logical Thought

• Expert Tasks– Medical Diagnosis– Airplane Mechanic– Strategic Planning

• Strategic Planning– Military Planning– Fire Fighting

• Everyday Task – Visual Recognition– Language Understanding– Speech Generation– Common Sense Reasoning

How do we define intelligence?

• Reasoning

• Planning

• Problem Solving

• Learning

• Communicating

• How can we measure intelligence?

Where is the AI?

• Video Games

• Automated Help

• Voice Recognition

• Analysis – Wal-mart, NBA

• Robots

What is AI?

• “A central aim of AI is to model, simulate, mimic, and duplicate psychological phenomena.”– Herbert Simon– Focus on Cognition– Considers both the mind

and the brain– Cognitive Science

What is AI?

• “Scientific goal of constructing an information processing theory of intelligence”– Nils Nilsson– Focus is on intelligence– The mind is to the brain as

software is to hardware– Intelligence is algorithmic

What is AI?

• “AI is the science of making machines do things that require intelligence if done by people”– Marvin Minsky– Focus on computers– What things?

• Math• Calculus• Language understanding

AI for this course• Algorithms that

solve problems in an “intelligent” way.– Non-exhaustive

listing of solutions– State-Space

Search

Heuristic Search• Heuristic

– “Rule of thumb”– a way to measure good a state is to get to

your goal

• Examples– Parking: what would be a good heuristic to

find your car?

Knowledge Representation• What is knowledge?

– Data --- Information --- Knowledge

• Knowledge Representation (KR)– Encodes information that can be applied to

determine a solution• Knowledge-base

– Defines methods of combining known facts to determine new ones

• Inference methods

Is a Total AI Possible?

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

CS 438 Spring 2008

• So what about the syllabus?

• For Thursday read chapter 1 in AIMA