Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

CHAPTER ONE

AnatomyThe study of the ______________ of an organism

For example, memorizing the bones of a humanComes from the Greek ana = up; tome = to cut

Literally means “_____ ________ _____”

PhysiologyThe study of the ________________ of a structure

How do cardiac cells function together to make the heart beat uniformly?

Comes from the Greek physio = form; logy = study ofLiterally means “______ _________ ______ ________”

Definitions

Meet the greatest anatomy student ever . . . AMMO C. TOSO!

A – ______________M – ______________M – __________________O – ______________C – ______________T – ______________O – ______________S – ______________O - ______________

Organization

Superior/InferiorThe head is ____________ to the chest.The foot is _____________ to the knee.

Anterior/PosteriorThe heart is _____________ to the spinal cord.The esophagus is ______________ to the trachea.

Medial/LateralThe arms are ______________ to the spine.The nose is ______________ to the ears.

Anatomical Terms

Proximal/DistalThe shoulder is ________________ to the hands.The toes are _____________ to the hip.

Superficial/DeepThe hypothalamus is ________________ to the

cortex.Skin is ________________ to muscle.

Central/PeripheralThe spinal cord is __________________ to the

lungs. The ears are __________________ to the brain.

Anatomical Terms

Sagittal, transverse, and coronal

Used to observe internal parts of a an organism or organ

Anatomical Planes

The human body is divided up into two major cavities.

Those two cavities are then subdivided .The purposes of the cavities are to:

let the organs __________ independently of the body wall

___________ the organsallow easy chemical ______________ between the

organs and the rest of the bodyrestrict ______________; keep it localized

Body Cavities

Body Cavities

Body SystemsIn

teg

um

en

tary

-

skin

Internal conditions remain _______ ___________ despite ___________ changesComes from the Greek homeo = similar; stasis

= standingExamples:

Blood pH – _____Blood temp – _______o FBlood pressure – _____/_____Blood glucose concentration – _____%

Homeostasis

A disease is an abnormal condition that upsets _______________.

There are four types of disease. They are summarized in the table below.

Diseases

Types of Disease

Characteristics Examples

Restricted to one specific part of body

Pneumonia, cancer

Affects many organs or entire body

AIDS, MS

Sudden onset; usually severe Influenza, meningitis

Occurs gradually; not as severe Diabetes, cancerBrief History of Medicine (42:32)