Introduction to Airport Design

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INTRODUCTION FOR AIRPORT

TERMINAL DESIGN

Airports considered the Gateway of every country, is one of themost neglected Infrastructure developmentsin the Philippines.

Airports measured as the reflection of the countrys economicand cultural background should have been part of the priority ofour Government in the Modernization program. I believed thatModernization as an Investment equals to our Countries growthand will achieve our aims in the campaign for tourism.

Having tag as having the most Worst Airport in the world mirrorsthe kind of people we are presenting to the other Nations. Beinghumiliated by outsider during my studies abroad on theconditions of our airports post a challenge to me in my interest inlearning more about Airports Design & its Services.

To All my future colleague, I am glad that We share the sameinterest of the Airport design through your thesis.

By: Ar. Willie Y. Chua aci,aia,usgbc,uap

AIRPORT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

BACKGROUNDS

Airport Terminal Designis a very complex in terms ofthe design procedures. Architects Skills and long fieldof experience in design are not the passport of beingable to Design an Airport terminal. Basic Principle andlong list of studies and requirements needed shall be

considered from outside the Terminal ( Ground or Air )


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THREE ELEMENTS OR PARTS OF AN

AIRPORT

Three important considerations that may affect thedesign process of a Terminal. These three elements

are inter-connected to each other and wil l dictatethe design limitation of the project.

AIRSPACE

AIRSIDE

LANDSIDE

AIRSIDE

The most secured part of an Airport and most highlyregulated . It is an area for aircraft movement and

operation.

Occupied 80% of the total land area of an Airport


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AIRSIDE

AIRSIDEDesign consideration:

Topographyverify the Landscape and thecommunity zoning of the area.

o Mountains and Volcano

o Existing roads and River

o Farm

o Environmentally / ECO protected area

AIRSIDE

Existing Infrastructure

O IndustrialFactories, Power plant, High TensionTower cable, Pipeline , Drainage & Sewage system.

o CommunityHospital, School, Residence, Military

camp, Commercial building

AIRSIDE

Airside are composed of the ff:

Runway

o The most important part of an Airport

o Must be oriented in the direction of a prevailing

wind.


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AIRSIDE

Taxiway

o This is the Connection between the Runway and

Apron, serves as the Taxi route / Aircraft roll ing for thedeparting and arriving aircraft to and from the Apron& Runway.

o A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting

runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and otherfacilities. They mostly have hard surface such asasphalt or concrete, although smaller airportssometimes use gravel or grass.

AIRSIDE

Apron

o Parking and staging area of Aircraft. Locatedadjacent to the Terminal building or Hangars

o serves for loading and un-loading for passengerand cargo

o circulation space for service vehicles and

equipment- cargo

- catering services

- fuel tank truck


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AIRSIDE

Other Infrastucture

This are the structures and Facilities that has a direct access tothe Runway.

o Control Tower

o Hangar

o Airline catering building

o Rescue & Fire fighting building

o Maintenance buildingo Cargo / Freight companies building

o General aviation Companies

o Flying schoolso Military camp

A S E R V I C E P R O V I D E D B Y G R O U N D - B A S E D C O N T R O L L E R S W H O D I R E C T

A I R C R A F T O N T H E G R O U N D A N D T H R O U G H C O N T R O L L E D A I R S P A C E , A N D C A NP R O V I D E A D V I S O R Y S E R V I C E S T O A I R C R A F T I N N O N - C O N T R O L L E D A I R S P A C E .

CONTROL TOWER

A H A N G A R I S A C L O S E D S T R U C T U R E T O H O L D A I R C R A F T O RS P A C E C R A F T I N P R O T E C T I V E S T O R A G E .

HANGAR


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LANDSIDE

o The part of an Airportfarthest from the Runway and

Aircraft movement.

o The boundary of which the security check andcustoms, passport control and other service facilities.

LANDSIDE

Landside may composed of the ff:

a. Airport Terminal

b. Airline Company Office buildings

c. Hotels

d. Convention Center

e. Bus or Transportation Terminal

f. Train Station

g. Parks and Re-creational facilities

h. Government Building ( Aviation agency )

i. Shopping mall

j. Others

AIRPORT TERMINAL


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AIRPORT TERMINAL

WHAT IS AN AIRPORT TERMINAL?

Is a building where passengers transfer between

ground and the facilities that allow them to board adisembark from Aircraft.

DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION

OF AN AIRPORT

DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN

AIRPORT

HUB

Serves as a transfer point of different airlines to getpassenger to their intended destination.

Serves as stop-over of a long haul flight of DifferentAirline for check-up, re-fueling and aircraft

maintenance.

Shopping Center and a Life style airport


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AIRPORT

POINT TO POINT

Airport that serves to a direct flight travel. This

Airport are usually use as a Home base for an airlinescompanies.

LOW COST

Is it also known as the secondary or alternative

airport, This type of airport is also known as the airportfor the masses.

Airport serves the Budget Airline companies.


AIRPORT

MAIN GATEWAY

An Airport that serves as the main entry point to a

country by being the primary arrival and Departurepoint.


AIRPORT

CHARTERED

This is a Mini Airport owned by private charteredcompanies for private chartered flight.

This type of Airport for Executive ( As we call it offersa VIP service enables a travelers to bypass the hassle

of a public airport and airline services.

LEISURE A Small Airport that primary users are Tourist andvacationers .


AIRPORT

CARGO

Airport that is intended only for Cargo activities andmovement


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AIRPORT

FULL SERVICE

Practically the combination of al l the other Airports

DESIGN AND AGENCIES

INVOLVES IN DESIGN PROCESS

DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN

DESIGN PROCESS

National, Regional, Local Authorities that hasjurisdiction in the Project

Ex. DOTC, CAAP, Dept of Finance(if it is finance bythe Government), Mayor, Congressman, Senator,Secretaries and the President.

Control authorities

Ex. Customs, Immigration, Pol ice, Security agencies,Fire brigade


DESIGN PROCESS

Engineering group/ Consultants

Ex. Structural / Civil Engr/, Electrical Engr./ SanitaryEngineer Engr./Waste management Engr./Transportor Road Engr./Air trafficmanagement Engr./Communication and Electronic Engr./Economist /

Finance specialist / lawyers /Geologies and

geodetic.


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DESIGN PROCESS

Airport Operator ( The one will manage the Terminal )

Airline Companies

Pilot Community ( thru the Pilot association )

Concessionaire ( Commercial tenants )

Local Business group

Local Community group

Tourism group

People with Disability group

Ground Transportation group

Conservative and Environmental group

INVESTOR

LEGISLATION AND CODES

CONSIDERATION

LEGISLATION AND CODES

CONSIDERATION

Airport terminal design are bound with laws, guidelinesand coed which are important reference during designstage.

IATA International Aviation

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

CAAP Civil Aviation Association of the Philippines

Local -Building code Fire Code

All Engineering code Regional and Local regulation law ( ex. Zoning & Landuse )

Environmental legislation ( In many Countries )

Constitution

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN


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There is no Ideal Shape, Design, Size, Character ,Architecture that are require when designing an

Airport terminal. Although there are laws andguideline to be follows concerning security,passenger traffic flows and etc.



Airport terminal design are influence by many factorsdepending the country we are in:

1. Climate

2. Soil Characteristic / Location/ Geography

3. Intended Function( Type of terminal )

4. Type of Aircraft to be serve

5. Culture

6. Politics

7. Fund

8. Business program/ target revenue

9. Availability of Construction Materials

PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

SIMPLE TERMINAL

Ideal for Low-cost Terminal

Single level

Easy to build

Easy to expand

Short walking distance

Enough room for expansion Simple aircraft parking

No Bridge

Ex. Provincial Domestic Airport


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PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

LINEAR TERMINAL

Fits on a thin sites

Usually- multi level

Easy to build

Easy to expand

Needs s Walkalator for walking/ Good Passenger

traffic flow

Enough room for Aircraft parking

With Bridge

PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

TERMINAL WITH PIERS/FINGERS

Needs big space for site

Usually- multi level

Complicated to build

No room for Expansion

Need Walkalator for walking

Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation

With AirBridge


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PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

TERMINAL WITH SATELLITES

Needs big space for site Usually- multi level



Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passengertraffic flow

Need Transportation to move to the other satellite

Underground / Sky train

Service bus Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation

With AirBridge

PASSENGER TERMINAL

CONFIGURATION

TERMINAL WITH REMOTE PIERS & SATELLITE

Needs big space for site Usually- multi level



Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passengertraffic flow

Need Transportation to move to the other satellite

Underground / Sky train

Service bus

Terminal with Satellite

Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation

With AirBridge


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TYPES OF PROCESSING

LEVEL DESIGN

4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN

SINGLE LEVEL

Side by side arrival and Departure on a single level

Suitable for smaller Airport

Air bridge are not needed


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SPLIT LEVEL

Side by side arrival and Departure with two level

same floor level for inbound & Outbound Concourse.

No need for elevated road since Kerbside (Departure & Arrival) activity take place at Groundlevel.

Escalator and Elevator should be provided

Air bridge are needed

Possible of Traffic congestion of inbound andoutbound passenger during peak hour


TWO LEVEL

Side by side Arrival and Departure the floor level forthe Inbound Outbound Concourse.

Suitable for Big Airport


Less Passenger traffic flow of both inbound and

outbound passenger at Concourse & Arrival hall ,How traffic at the Airside Interface


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SEVERAL LEVEL

Multilevel floors with full segregation of all the arrival

and departure

Suitable for High Volume passengers and Servingwide body Aircraft

The most ideal design in terms of passengers

movement inside the Terminal

Expensive Design


COMPONENTS OF

PASSENGER TERMINAL

THREE COMPONENTS OF

PASSENGER TERMINAL

DEPARTURE AREA

Kerbside

Loading and un-loading area for passengers

CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transportservice

Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking &

ets

Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )

Service road and emergency access for Airportfacilities


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DEPARTURE AREA

Processing / Holding areas

Concourse / Service

o Flight information monitor

o Information and Security desk

o Waiting area ( Seating and Lounge )

o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,

Stairs & etc )

o Queuing area

o Toilets

o Prayer room

o Travel agencies counter

o Other services

DEPARTURE AREA

Airline ticketing

o Check-in counter

o Self check-in counter

o Drop bag

DEPARTURE AREA

Offices / Lounge

o Airport Administration Offices ( AirportOperator,Custom,Security,Immigration,Airline

offices,Tourism offices, Pilot and staff lounge

Retail

o Restaurant/ Coffee shops

o Shop

o Duty free tax store

DEPARTURE AREA

Security

o Security control doors & queuing area

o Outbound Immigration ( For International flight )

o Outbound Customs ( a separate Customs

monitoring group are assigned for outbound

baggages )


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DEPARTURE AREA

Airside Interface

Departure waiting lounge

o Seating area

o Kids play area

Airport Lounge

Departure gate

Retail store

Duty free tax store

ARRIVAL AREA

Kerbside

Loading and un-loading area for passengers using

CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transportservice

Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking &etc

o Car park building should be separated to theterminal for security purpose )

Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )

Service road and emergency access for Airportfacilities

ARRIVAL AREA

Arrival hall

Concourse / Serviceo Meeting and greeters area

o Flight information monitor

o Information and Security desk

o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,

Stairs & etc

o Transportation Service countero Tourism area

o Hotels service desk

o Money changer

o Toilets


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ARRIVAL AREA

Retail

o Restaurant/ Coffee shops

o Shop

Inbound baggage Sorting and Reclaim area

o Baggage reclaim area

o Inbound Customs control

ARRIVAL AREA

Airside interface

Passenger Gates ( Airbridge / Stairs or Buses from

remote stand)

Inbound Immigration

Retail store

Queuing space

GENERAL FEATURE

GENERAL FEATURES

1. Baggage handling

2. Engineering ( Mechanical, Water & Plumbing ,

Electrical )

3. Control Tower

4. Apron Control building

5. Deliveries and Cargo Storage ( with Securitysystem)

6. Maintenance area

7. Emergency and Medical facilities


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Documents

Introduction to Airport Design