Introduction:

• Slopes either occur naturally or are engineered by humans.

• An understanding of geology, hydrology, and soil properties is

central to applying slope stability principles properly.

• Analyses must be based upon a model that accurately

represents site surface conditions, ground behavior, and

applied loads.

• Type of Analysis

Aim of slope

• Assess the stability of slopes under short-term

• Assess the possibility of slope failure / satbility

• Understand failure mechanisms and the influence

• Enable the redesign of failed slopes and the planning and design

• The effect of seismic loadings on slopes

• Safe and economic design of excavations, embankments, earth

dams, landfills, and spoil heaps .

FACTORS AFFECTING SLOPE FAILURE

Introduction

Geological discontinuities

Effect of Water

Geotechnical Properties of Material

Mining Methods

State of stress

Geometry slope:

Temperature

Erosion

Seismic effect

Vegetation

TYPES OF ROCK SLOPE FAILURE

Introduction

Plane failure

Wedge Failure:

Toppling failure

Rockfalls

Rotational Failure

Rock Slope Stability Analysis: Limit Equilibrium Method

Planar Failure Analysis Sliding analysis of a block Plane failure analysis along a discontinuity Water is filled in discontinuitiesTension crack present in the upper slope surface Tension crack present in the slope surface The tension crack is filled with water with upper slope angle Effect of rock bolts

Wedge Failure Analysis Analysis of wedge failure considering only frictional resistance Analysis of wedge failure with cohesion and friction angle

Toppling Failure Analysis Kinematics of block toppling failure Limit equilibrium analysis for toppling failure Stability analysis of flexural toppling

CIRCULAR FAILURE ANALYSIS

Introduction

Stability analysis of slope

Stability analysis for Cohesionless Soil

Total Stress Analysis (Swedish slip circle

method)

Ordinary slip circle method

Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices

General Method of slices

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS BY NUMERICAL MODELLING

Introduction Continuum modelingDiscontinuum ModelingHybrid approach

Important considerationsContinuum versus discontinuum modelsSelecting appropriate zone size Initial conditionsBoundary conditionsWater pressureExcavation sequence

Important failure indicators in slope analysisFactor of SafetyUnbalanced ForceGridpoint VelocitiesPlastic IndicatorsDisplacement Failure Surface

STABILITY ANALYSIS IN PRESENCE OF WATER

Introduction Common terms used in simulation of water Important Geotechnical properties related to water

Permeability Hydraulic Conductivity Factor affecting soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity Matrix suction Consistency of soil

Pore PressuresInfiltrationRainfall Infiltration Model.Simulation of water

SEISMIC ANALYSIS

Introduction

Types of seismic wave

Dynamic Soil Properties

Field Measurements of Dynamic Modulus

Ground Motion Estimates

Factors Affecting Ground Motion:

Simulation of seismic effect

Pseudo-static approach

Wedge Method

Method of Slices

Inertia Slope Stability – Newmark Method

SLOPE STABILIZATION

Introduction Removal And Repair Excavation & repair Catchment & Wire NettingGrading & SerratingBenchingResloping and unloadingLightweight FillCounterbermsTrimmingShear KeysScaling

Drainage and Water ControlSurface DrainageSubsurface Drainage

Stabilization Through Support Steel reinforcement Rock anchorRock Bolts Rock DowelsSoil NailingPilesGeosynthetic Reinforcement

Retaining Walls Gravity Walls Cantilever Retaining Walls Sheet Piling Retaining WallsAnchored retaining wall Gabions

Other Methods For Stabilization Grouting and ShotcreteVegetation

SLOPE MONITORING: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS

Introduction Slope failure mechanism

Types of Slope Movement Initial responseRegressive and progressive movementLong-term creep

Sub-Surface Monitoring Methods

Borehole probesTime–domain reflectometryInclinometers Extensometers

Measurement of water level and pressure Standpipe Piezometer Pneumatic Piezometer Vibrating Wire Piezometer

Surface Monitoring MethodsCrack MonitorsSurveyingPhotographic Image AnalysisTotal Station Global positioning system (GPS)Acoustic emission technique Laser image scanning systemSlope Stability Radar system Synthetic aperture radar

landslides

IntroductionSlope Failure

Slumps Rock Falls and Debris Falls Rock and Debris Slides

Sediment Flows Solifluction Debris FlowsMudflows Creeps Earthflows

Debris Avalanches

Historical landslides (wiki )

Major factors affecting landslides

Mine Waste Dump

Introduction Method of Construction in lift sectionMethods of Stability CalculationShear Strength of dump material

Particle shape, roundness and grain surface texture Effect of moisture condition on shear strength

Factors Affecting Dump StabilityDump Configuration Foundation ConditionsDump Material PropertiesDumping method Dumping RateSeismicity and Dynamic StabilityTopographyDump drainage

Material properties and testing Bulk Gradation Plasticity of Fines Index Properties and Classification Hydraulic Conductivity Consolidation Strength Mineralogy and Soil Chemistry In Situ Density Compaction

Tailing Dam

Failure Modes in tailing dams Rotational SlidingFoundation FailureOvertoppingErosionPipingTailings Impoundment Design Mill Location Topography Geology and Ground Water Tailings impoundmentsTailings storage facilities

Methods for Tailings DisposalUpstream MethodDownstream Method Centerline Method

Sensitivity, probability and reliability analysis

Sensitivity AnalysisProbabilistic Design MethodsReliability Analysis

Classification systems in slope stability analysis

GeneralSlope Mass Rating (SMR)Chinese Slope Mass Rating System (CSMR)Rock slope rating (RSR)Slope stability rating (SSR) classification systemDump mass rating

Introduction of softcomputing approach in slope stability

Artificial Neural NetworkFuzzy Inference System