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MUHAMAD ASVIALCenter for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER)
Electrical Engineering Department, University of IndonesiaKampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia
[email protected]://www.ee.ui.ac.id/cicer
Introduction:
Satellite Communication
1
Outline
• Technology and Services • Research
Technology and Services
3
Local ‘Sphere’
NetworkingBAN,PAN
WLANAdHoc
Flexible, adaptive
Radio AccessHigher
frequency bands,
‘>3G’ access
Satellite Mobile
>3G, McastS-DMB
Satellite Broadband
Access
Optical Network
Broadband Access
Optical Core Network
Reconfigurable Radio Networks and Systems
IP Transport Control & Routing IP - Optical Convergence & Control
Other Broadband
Access(Power Nets,..)
...
WideArea
NetworkingFWA, DxB
…….
Net
work
& S
ervice
Man
agem
ent
Dom
ain
Mobility, beyond 3G Domain
Broadband Access Domain
Rich Audio Visual Content Creation, Processing and Delivery
Seamless and Context aware Service adaptation and Delivery
Mobility and Broadband Access
4
Convergence Opportunities• Applications
Enterprise: Corporate VPN, e-mail with attachments, rich web browsing, graphical stock quotes.
Entertainment: Pictures/Imaging, video/audio streaming, VoD, broadcast video/audio, multimedia messaging, games.
Publishing: News, advertising.
DigitalMedia
VideoTransport
VoiceTransport
Storage/Handling
Content Cable TV Telephone Computer
• Merging of content providers and content transporters.
• Phone companies, cable companies, entertainmentindustry, and computer industry.
• Worldwide de-regulation.• Spectrum management.
• DevicesContent
Computing Communications
• ApplicationsEnterprise: Corporate VPN, e-mail with attachments, rich web browsing, graphical
stock quotes.Entertainment: Pictures/Imaging, video/audio streaming, VoD, broadcast video/audio,
multimedia messaging, games.Publishing: News, advertising.
DigitalMedia
VideoTransport
VoiceTransport
Storage/Handling
Content Cable TV Telephone Computer
• Merging of content providers and content transporters.
• Phone companies, cable companies, entertainmentindustry, and computer industry.
• Worldwide de-regulation.• Spectrum management.
• DevicesContent
Computing Communications
5
Ubiquitous Communications Network
The future all-IP networking environments will have IP-based domains as the common infrastructure interconnecting various and very different access technologies
UbiquitousPlatform
WLAN
WiMax
Satellite DAB/DVB• 20-155Mbps/3.40 GHz band• Fixed user/Metropolitan area
FinanceCommerce
FTTHExtremely High Speed
ONU
Fiber
xDSLADSL: Up to 8Mbps, 4-5Km rangeVDSL: Up to 54Mbps, 400-500 range
Mobile• Over 2-10Mbps/ 2-20 GHz Band• Vehicular Environments/Medium Area
roaming
Beyond 3G
IPBackbone
CDMA 2000WCDMA
HPI
UAPUbiquitous Access Point
UAP
A
R
MS
Sensor NetworkUAPIEEE 802.11
Bluetooth
Access Gateway
Ethernet
ExistingCopper
DSLAM
Gateway
Sensor FusionDigital ProcessingVoice Detection………..
6
Ubiquitous Networks Features
• Global Coverage: Networks are expected to be heterogeneous and all IP based with multi-technology terminal supporting wide range applications.
• Broadband Connectivity: Provide telecommunication, data multimedia services with peak rates of more than 100 Mbps with average of 20 Mbps.
• Quality of Service: Support multimedia services with QoS.
• Network Capability: Provide at least 10 times that of 3G systems, enabling high definition video streams to phones.
• Personalized Service: Service providers address the customized services.
• Cost: 4G systems must be able to provide fast speed and large volume of data transmission services at lower cost than today, including spectrum licensing, terminal and service costs.
The converged network technologies cover homes, cars, corporate environments, and public areas, even including satellite links with global coverage.
Technical Challenges to be addressed.Communications anywhere, anytime, and any technology challenges.
Technical Challenges to be addressed.
7
Why Satellite Communications?
• Ubiquitous Coverage: A single satellite system can reach every potential user across an entire continent, particularly in areas with low subscriber density
• Bandwidth Flexibility: Simplex, Duplex, Narrowband, Wideband, Symmetric and Asymmetric
• Deployment: Short installation times, once the network is in place, more users can be added quickly
• Connectivity: Multipoint-to-Multipoint, Broadcasting and Multicasting
• Disaster Recovery: Disaster recovery alternative to fiber networks, emergency communications
• Cost: Cost is independent of the distance
Niche Markets: TV, Broadcast and Multicast Services, Sea, Air, and Sparsely Populated Areas
Few hundred Satellite Applications at Ka-Band filled with ITU Both GSO, NGSO, and hybrid
Niche Markets: TV, Broadcast and Multicast Services, Sea, Air, and Sparsely Populated Areas
Few hundred Satellite Applications at Ka-Band filled with ITU Both GSO, NGSO, and hybrid
8
Integrated Futures
UMTSCore Network
Inter HAPSLink
HAPS ground station
SAT-HAPS Links
Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link
Satellite ground station
Inter Satellite Link (ISL)
Satellite Diversity
UMTSCore Network
Inter HAPSLink
HAPS ground station
SAT-HAPS Links
Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link
Satellite ground station UMTS
Core Network
Inter HAPSLink
HAPS ground station
SAT-HAPS Links
Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link
Satellite ground station
Inter Satellite Link (ISL)
Inter Satellite Link (ISL)
Satellite Diversity
Terrestrial
Core Network
9
Satellite-Fiber Comparison
Comparing Satellite and Fiber Characteristics
Capability Fiber Optic Cable
Systems
Geo Satellite in a Global System
Meo Satellite in a Global System
Leo Satellite in a Constellation
Transmission Speed
10 Gbps-3.2 Terabits/second*
Single Sat 1 Gbps-10 Gbps
Single Sat 0.5 Gbps- 5 Gbps
Single Sat .01 Gbps-2Gbps
Quality of Service
10-1110 -12 10-610 -11 10-610 -11 10-210 91
Transmission latency
25 to 50 ms 250 ms 100-150 ms 25-75 ms
System Availability w/o
Backup
93 to 99.5% 99.98% (C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band)
99.9% (C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band)
99.5% (L-C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band))
Broadcasting Capabilities
Low to Nil High Low Low
Multi-casting Capabilities
Low High High Medium
Trunking Capabilities
Very High High Medium Low
Mobile Services Nil Medium-to-High High High
10
FREQUENCYFREQUENCY
Narrow band systems•L-band - 1.535 - 1.56 GHz downlink, 1.635-1.66 uplink•S-band - 2.5 - 2.54 GHz downlink - 2.65-2.69 GHz uplink•C-band - 3.7 - 4.2 GHz downlink, 5.9 - 6.4 GHz uplink•X-band - 7.25 - 7.75 GHz downlink, 7.9 - 8.4 GHz uplink•A few 10s to 100s kHz of bandwidth only
Wideband/broadband systems•Ku-band - about 10.0 - 13 GHz downlink, 14 -17 GHz uplink
Exact frequencies depend on applications (fixed, DBS etc.) 36 MHz of channel bandwidth; enough for typical 50-60 Mbps applications
•Ka-band - about 18-20 GHz downlink, 27-31 GHz uplink500 MHz of channel bandwidth; enough for gigabit applications
•GHz of bandwidth•Q-band - in the 40 GHz•V-band - 60 GHz downlink - 50 GHz uplink
11
Satellite Broadband
Broadband Connectivity to AircraftBroadband Connectivity to Aircraft•• Forward link: 10 MbpsForward link: 10 Mbps•• Return link: 128 Return link: 128 -- 512 Kbps512 Kbps•• NearNear--global connectivityglobal connectivity•• EE--mail/Internet accessmail/Internet access•• FSS, Satellite capacityFSS, Satellite capacity
Broadband Connectivity to Homes/OfficesBroadband Connectivity to Homes/Offices•• Forward link: 2Forward link: 2--3 Mbps3 Mbps•• Return link: 128 Return link: 128 -- 512 Kbps512 Kbps•• Connectivity regardless of location/geographyConnectivity regardless of location/geography
12
Satellite Services
Voice & Data Video Broadcasting
Corporate Network
IP Traffic
Bandwidth on Demand
Cable TV distribution
Private network (VSATs)
Internet backbone connectivity
Trunking Direct to Home Distance Learning Broadband interactive service Store & Forward Video contribution
(backhaul of content from production to uplink, eg.SNG
Telemedicine In-fligh aircraft service
Rural telepony Video on demand Internet direct acces
13
Broadband Wireless and MobileApplications
• Telemedicine• Teleworking• E-Government• Distance Learning• Homeland Security• E-Commerce• Applications for People with Disa
bilities• Utility Application• Information Gathering• Tourism
• In Flight Office– Email, Fax, Phone, File transf
er, Video Conferencing• In Flight Entertainment
– Gamble, Phone, Live TV• Multimedia and Web Browsing fo
r Train Passengers• Audio/Video Streaming
What is the technology that best serves these applications?
Research
15
Educational Application
University Classroom Class Room
16
Air To Ground Communication future scenario
ATM betweenAircraft
Ground-based
ATM/ATC
Ground Network
ATM/ATCover
Satellite
Airport Link
TV,Radio Broadcast Communication
Satellite
Vertical WiMax
WCDMA
HSxPA
EV-DOWiMax
Navigation Satellite
ATM betweenAircraft
Ground-based
ATM/ATC
Ground Network
ATM/ATCover
Satellite
Airport Link
TV,Radio Broadcast Communication
Satellite
Vertical WiMax
WCDMA
HSxPA
EV-DOWiMax
Navigation Satellite
17
18
Satellite Multimedia Broadcasting
and Multicasting Services (MBMS)
2G/3GMobile
Network3G Basestation
Contentproviders
Hub basedon 3G equipment
ContentNetworking
High powerGeo-stationary
satellite
3G handset« Satelliteenabled »
Interactive link in IMT2000mobile terrestrial band
Broadcast/Multicastservice centre
“Satellite enabled”
Low costimpact
7 spots overEurope
Satellite distribution linkin IMT2000 mobile
satellite band
Local storage
+
19
Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
• MPLS uses IP routing protocols to control a connection oriented layer-2 switch• Explicit Routing: Sets up explicit routes using Label Switched paths (LSP)
without making changes to IP routing architecture• Signaling, Admission Control, Routing: Each LSP can have priority,
preemption, policing, and overbooking
• Step 1: Ingress• Perform layer 3 lookup• Map to Forwarding
Equivalence Class (FEC)• Attach label and forward out
appropriate interface according to FEC
• Step 2: Interior nodes• Perform exact match on
incoming label• Lookup outgoing interface
and label• Swap labels and forward out
appropriate interface
• Step 3: Egress• Pop off label• Perform layer 3 lookup• Forward according to layer 3
lookup
LERLER
LSR LSRIP packet
IP packet LabelIP packet Label IP packet Label
IP packet
Layer 3 Routing Layer 3 RoutingMPLS involves routing at the edges, switching
in the coreLER – Label Edge RouterLSR – Label Switch Router
20
Satellite MPLS
• Provides traffic engineering by LSPs• Scalability, traffic monitoring per FEC, redundancy path provisioning and restoration• Works on Frame Relay/ATM switches or IP routers, different L2 technologies• Basis for constraint-based routing (with extensions to OSPF)
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
Satellite, LSR
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)
• Scheduling and congestion control
• Packet classification and assignment to FEC
• Support of IP DiffServ QoS
• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams
Advantages• Provides traffic engineering by LSPs• Scalability, traffic monitoring per FEC, redundancy path provisioning and restoration• Works on Frame Relay/ATM switches or IP routers, different L2 technologies• Basis for constraint-based routing (with extensions to OSPF)
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
Satellite, LSR
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)
• Scheduling and congestion control
• Packet classification and assignment to FEC
• Support of IP DiffServ QoS
• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams
Advantages
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
Satellite, LSR
Gateway, LER
Terminal, LER
• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)
• Scheduling and congestion control
• Packet classification and assignment to FEC
• Support of IP DiffServ QoS
• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams
Advantages
21
IP Satellite Network
• Transmission of digital television over cable and satellite.• Modified to support packet transmission• Standards exist for transmission of data and network management• Uses a fixed length packet or cell of 188 bytes
PEP RouterRouter PEP
Network
User terminal
Gateway
Server
Router PEP
Network
User terminal
Forward link – DVB-S
Return link – DVB-RCS
PEP – Performance Enhancing Proxy
22
DVB – S2
DVB-S2SYSTEM
Buffers per:•Protection level ACM•User Command•Service level
AC
M R
outer
AC
M routing
manager
BUF BUF BUF
SatelliteGateway
InternetInfo
Provider RouterInteractionChannelGW
Returnchannel
UserTerminal
Info Request
C/N+Isignaling
InfoResponseInfo
Response
InfoResponse
High bit-rateforward link
23
Broadband VSAT
• Provides two-way TCP/IP Transmissions for high speed, multimedia• Star, mesh, hybrid technologies• C, Ku, Ka, extended C• Future Services
• WiFi• WiMax• VoIP
24
Hierarchical ArchitectureGEO A GEO B
ISL between GEOs
IOL links
LEO constellation
Interplane ISL
HAP
GEO footprintLEO footprintHAP footprint
25