Introduction of Android Framework 2010/1/14 1. Outline (1) –Mobile Platform Comparison Symbian Android WindowMobile PalmWebOS i-Phone –Mobile Application

introduction of Android Framework

2010/1/14

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Outline (1)

– Mobile Platform Comparison• Symbian• Android• WindowMobile• PalmWebOS• i-Phone

– Mobile Application Store• App Store• Android Market• Blackberry App World• Nokia Ovi Store• Palm App Catalog• Marketplace for Mobile

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Outline (2)

– Introduction to Android Framework• Core Platform Services

– Views System– Activity Manager– Window Manager– Content Provider– Resource Manager– Package Manager– Notification Manager

• Hardware Services– Location Manager– Telephony Manager– Bluetooth Service– Wifi Service– USB Service– Sensor Service

• Component of an Android Application

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Outline (1)



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What is Symbian?

• An proprietary operating system for mobile devices and smartphones by Symbian Ltd.

• Symbian is the world's most popular mobile operating system, accounting for 50% of smartphone sales in Q2 2009.

• The process of publishing the source code under the Eclipse Public License (EPL) was slated for completion in 2010.

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Symbian’s HistoryYear Event

1980 Psion founded by David Potter

1984 Psion Organiser launched

1986 the "vastly improved" Psion Organiser II launches, with a simple-to-use database programming language, OPL.

1987 Psion begins development of its “SIBO" family of devices and its own new multitasking operating system called EPOC to run its PDA products.

1989 First EPOC16 devices, the MC400 and MC200, ship with a primarily 1-bit, keyboard-operated graphical interface.

1997 The first version of EPOC32 Release 1 appeared on the Psion Series 5 ROM v1.0. The EPOC32 operating system, at the time simply referred to as EPOC, was later renamed Symbian OS. EPOC32 was a pre-emptive multitasking, single user operating system with memory protection, which encourages the application developer to separate their program into an engine and an interface.

1998 In June Psion Software became Symbian, a major joint venture between Psion and phone manufacturers Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia. As of Release 6, EPOC became known simply as Symbian OS.

1999 The Psion Series 5mx, Psion Series 7, Psion Revo, Diamond Mako, Psion netBook, netPad, GeoFox One, and Ericsson MC218 were released using ER5. A phone project was announced at CeBIT, the Phillips Illium/Accent, but did not achieve a commercial release.

2000 The first phone, the Ericsson R380 was released using ER5u in November.

2001 The first 'open' Symbian OS phone, the Nokia 9210 Communicator, was released in June 2001. Bluetooth support was added. Almost 500,000 Symbian phones were shipped in 2001, rising to 2.1 million the following year.

2003 First shipment of Symbian OS 7.0 and 7.0s, an important Symbian release which appeared with all contemporary user interfaces including UIQ, Series 80, Series 90, Series 60 as well as several FOMA phones in Japan. It also added EDGE support and IPv6. One million Symbian phones were shipped in Q1 2003, with the rate increasing to one million a month by the end of 2003.

2004 Psion sells its stake in Symbian.

2006 100 millionth phone with Symbian OS is shipped.

2008 Symbian acquired by Nokia; Symbian Foundation formed. 7

Layers in Symbian OS

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Symbian’s Features

• Features:– Pre-emptive Multitasking

– Memory protection

– like other operating systems

• Design principles– The integrity and security of user data

is paramount,

– user time must not be wasted, and

– all resources are scarce.

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Symbian’s Products

• Ericsson R380– First Symbian phone

– Version: Symbian v5.1

– Release Date: 2000

• Nokia 9210– The first 'open' Symbian OS phone

– Version: Symbian v6.0

– Release Date: 2001.6

• Nokia N97– Version: Symbian v9.4(S60)

– Release Date: 2009.6.12

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What is Android

• Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language.

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Android’s History

• In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc.• Update History:

– 1.5 (Cupcake) Released on 30 April 2009

– 1.6 (Donut) Released on 15 September 2009

– 2.0 (Eclair) Released on 26 October 2009

– 2.0.1 Release 1Released on 3 December 2009

– Upcoming software stack is to be named Flan

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Android’s History

Handset layouts

The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 1.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.

Storage The Database Software SQLite is used for data storage purposes

Connectivity Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi.

Messaging SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging including threaded text messaging.

Web browser The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit application framework. The browser scores a 93/100 on the Acid3 Test.

Java support Software written in Java can be compiled to be executed in the Dalvik virtual machine, which is a specialized VM implementation designed for mobile device use, although not technically a standard Java Virtual Machine.

Media support Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC,HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, OGG Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP.

Additional hardware suuport

Android can use video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, magnetometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.

Development environment

Includes a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, a plugin for the Eclipse IDE.

Market Like many phone-based application stores, the Android Market is a catalog of applications that can be downloaded and installed to target hardware over-the-air, without the use of a PC. Originally only freeware applications were supported. Paid-for apps have been available on the Android Market in the United States since 19 February 2009. [36] The Android Market has been expanding rapidly. By December, 2009, it had over 20,000 Android applications for download.

Muti-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which is available in newer handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was initially disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple patents on touch-screen technology)

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Android’s Features

• Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components

• Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices

• Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine

• Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification

• SQLite for structured data storage

• Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats

• GSM Telephony

• Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi

• Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer

• Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE

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Layers in Android OS

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Android’s Products

• G1:– First Android phone

– Version: Android v1.0


• HTC Tattoo– 第一隻可由內到外客製化的 Android Phone

– Version: Android v1.6


Tattoo

HTC Tattoo

G1

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Android’s Products

• Google Nexus One– First Google phone– Version: Android v2.1– Release Date: 2010.01.05

Google Nexus One

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• Windows Mobile is a combination of the Windows CE operating system, a new user interface and applications.– Smartphone – Windows Mobile Standard Edition –

a cell phone first. Does not have a touch screen.

– Pocket PC – Windows Mobile Professional – a data input device using a touch screen.

– Size – small handheld devices however some are much larger

– Combined devices – cell phone, PDA, media player, camera, etc.

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Windows Mobile’s History

版本發布日期附註別名基於

Pocket PC 2000 2000 年 4 月 19 日里程碑 "Rapier"( 雙刃劍 ) Windows CE 3.0

Pocket PC 2002 2001 年 10 月 "Merlin"( 默林 ) Windows CE 4.0

Windows Mobile 2003

2003 年 6 月 23 日第一個版本的Windows Mobile

"Ozone"( 臭氧 ) Windows CE 4.1

Windows Mobile 2003 SE

2004 年 3 月 24 日 Windows Mobile 2003 的第二版 Windows CE 4.2

Windows Mobile 5 2005 年 5 月 12 日 "Magneto"( 磁電機 )

Windows CE 5.0

Windows Mobile 6 2007 年 2 月 12 日 "Crossbow"( 石弓 )

Windows CE 5.1

Windows Mobile 6.1

2008 年 4 月 1 日 Windows CE 5.2

Windows Mobile 6.5

2009 年 5 月 11 日 Windows CE 5.2

Windows Mobile 7 2010 年 2 月 1 日 "Photon”

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Windows Mobile’s

Pocket PC 2000

Pocket PC 2002

Windows Mobile 2003

Windows Mobile 2003

SE

Windows Mobile 5.0

Windows Mobile 6

Windows Mobile 6.1

Windows Mobile 6.5

Without Mobile Phone

Pocket PC 2000

Pocket PC 2002

Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket

PC

N/A Windows Mobile 5.0 for Pocket

PC

Windows Mobile 6 Classic

Windows Mobile 6.1

Classic

N/A

With Mobile Phone & Touch

Screen

Pocket PC 2000 Phone

Edition

Pocket PC 2002 Phone

Edition

Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket

PC Phone Edition

Windows Mobile 2003 SE for Pocket

PC Phone Edition

Windows Mobile 5.0 for Pocket

PC Phone Edition

Windows Mobile 6

Professional

Windows Mobile 6.1

Professional

Windows Mobile 6.5

Professional

Without Touch Screen

N/A Smartphone 2002

Windows Mobile 2003 for

Smartphone

Windows Mobile 2003

SE for Smartphone

Windows Mobile 5.0 for

Smartphone

Windows Mobile 6 Standard

Windows Mobile 6.1 Standard

Windows Mobile 6.5 Standard

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Windows Mobile’s Features

• Windows Mobile offers:– Cell phone – voice calling

– Cellular based data – EvDO, 1xRTT, GPRS, EDGE and UMTS

– Wi-Fi – 802.11b as well as 802.11g

– Storage – internal storage and expansion via microSD, miniSD or SD flash

– Connectivity – Supports TCP/IP, web browser, IMAP and POP3 e-mail, native Exchange support

– Ability to display Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files – Pocket PCs can edit Word and Excel files

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What isn’t Windows Mobile

– Is not the same operating system and functionality of Windows that you have on your desktop PC

– Doesn’t run standard Windows applications including ActiveX controls designed for the PC.

– Limited browser functionality – subset of JavaScript and limited screen size affect usability of desktop websites

– Slower devices – most Windows Mobile devices CPUs run at 200-400MHz

– Limited storage – The internal flash storage is significantly smaller than your PC’s hard drive. Usually you will have anywhere from 32MB to 128MB of internal storage

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Windows Mobile’s Products

Casio Cassiopeia EM-500

HP Jornada 560

O2 XDA IIi ASUS P525 HTC-HD2

Pocket PC 2000

Pocket PC 2002

Windows Mobile 2003

Windows Mobile 5.0

Windows Mobile 6.5

2001 2002 年 10 月 2005 年 5 月 2006 年 6 月 19 日在台上市

2009 年 11 月 17 日在台上市

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Palm webOS History

Version. Release Date.

WebOS – 1.3.5 Build 194 Sprint Config – 2.0 12/28/2009

WebOS – 1.3.5 Build 194 Sprint Config – 2.0 12/28/2009

WebOS – 1.2.1 Sprint Config – 1.8 10/2/2009





http://support.sprintpcs.com/support/article/Find_and_update_the_software_version_on_your_Palm_Pre/case-ye186054-20090813-151310

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Palm webOS Features

• Palm Synergy– that brings your information from all the places it resides

into one logical view.• Web-connected

– Web-kit browser• Run multiple applications at the same time• Instinctive user interface

– Applications run in cards– Cards are small web pages– HTML, CSS, JavaScript

• Intuitive and unobtrusive notifications

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Palm webOS Architecture

Core OS

webOS Services

UI SystemManager

Applications

Mojo Framework

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Palm webOS Products

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Palm webOS Products

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iPhone OS History

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iPhone OS History

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iPhone OS features

•Full OS X•Multi Tasking•Networking•Syncing•Low Power•Security•Video

•Cocoa•Core Animation•Graphics•Audio•Widgets•Applications

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iPhone OS features

• It is based on Mac OS X, optimized for mobile

• ARM CPU, 4/8/16 Gb storage

• Touch screen, proximity sensor, accelerometer, ambient light sensor, multi-touch sensing

• Text input: virtual keyboard with spell checking and predictive input

• Phone, PDA and iPod features

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iPone OS Architecture

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iPhone OS Products

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Outline (1)



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Outline

– Mobile Application Store “MAS”• App Store• Android Market• Blackberry App World• Nokia Ovi Store• Palm App Catalog• Marketplace for Mobile

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App Store

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Billion App Countdown

• April 23, 2009

• Doubled at September 28, 2009

• Tripled at the beginning of 2010

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Number of Applications

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Apps by Category

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Android Market

• Available to users on 22 October 2008

• By December, 2009, there were over 20,000 applications

• Google Checkout

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Priced Applications Availability

Australia - paid apps cannot be submitted by Australian Developers. Austria France Germany Italy Netherlands New Zealand Spain United Kingdom United States Japan

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Number of Applications

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Applications Distribution

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Blackberry App World

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App World

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Top Download

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Categories

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Details

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PayPal

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Reconfirm

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My World

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Review

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Marketplace for Mobile

– Rumors about the service in September 2008 “Skymarket”

– Opened for business on 6 October, 2009, featuring 246 applications

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Mobile Application Store Comparison

App Store Android Market

App World Ovi Store App Catalog Marketplace for Mobile

Organizations Apple Google,OHA RIM Nokia Palm Microsoft

Established July 11, 2008 October 22, 2008

April 1, 2009 May 26, 2009

June 6, 2009 October 6, 2009

Available Apps 135,000 20,000 2,000 2,500 1,000 Less than 1,000

Install Base 58 million (40% iPod Touch)

1 million 8 million 100 million

150,000 Unknown (6.1 and 6.5 )

Exclusive App Source

Yes No No No Yes No

Carrier-Specific Stores

No Yes No Yes No Yes

Return Policy No 24 Hours No No No 24 Hours

Developer Share 70% 70% 80% 70% 70% 70%

Developer Fee $99/year $25 $200 €50 Free $99/year

App Listings Unlimited Unlimited 10 Unlimited Unlimited 5

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Record Breaking Chrismas

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Download Growth

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Android Devices Download Growth

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Android Devices Download Share

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Outline (2) 本週主題





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Introduction to Android Framework

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Introduction to Android Framework

– Android Framework• Object

– Provide framework API for AP development

• Core Platform Services ( 提供撰寫 AP 所需之物件 )– Services that are essential to the Android platform

• Hardware Services ( 在 AP 端直接操作硬體 )– Hardware dependent Services e.g : GPS 、 Phone

Call.– 隨平台由廠商自行新增新的 Hardware Service( 需跨層軟

硬整合 ) e.g ： WiMAX 、 VideoTelePhony.

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• Views System– 用來建構一個應用程式的基本元件，例如：

在開發 AP 畫面時，常用的lists 、 grids 、 text boxes 、 buttons 控制項，甚至是嵌入式的瀏覽器

Core Platform Services

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• Activity Manager– 管理所有應用程式的生命週期 (P.85)


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• Window Manager– 用來管理所有開啟的視窗程式，決定當下哪

一個 AP 被放置於最上層


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• Content Providers– 提供平台讓 AP 可以分享資料給其它 AP


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• Resource Manager– 提供各種非程式碼的資源 ( 例如：圖形、排

版 (XML 檔案 ) 、 Image 、 Audio 等檔案 ) 讓應用程式去使用


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• Package Manager– AP 執行起來前的 apk 包解析工作


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• Notification Manager– 提供 AP 在狀態列 (Status Bar) 的地方顯示

AP 自定的警示訊息 (Alert) 。


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• Location Manager– 用來管理地圖定位服務的相關功能

Hardware Services

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• Telephony Manager– 用來管理有關使用者撥打與接收電話的相關

功能

Hardware Services

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• Bluetooth Service• Wifi Service• USB Service• Sensor Service• 由廠商或 Google 自由新增

Hardware Services

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Component of an Android Application

• Components of Android AP• Activity• Service• Broadcast Receivers• Content Provider

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Activity

• AP 中每一個頁面都是一個 Activity ， AP 是由多個 Activity 所構成。

• Activity 之間可以相互跳轉• Activity 有其生命周期，是由 Android 系統負

責管理• 可以在 Activity 中添加 UI 元件並由 View 決

定佈局方式

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http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/UIQ

Activity with View & Widget

• List

• Checkbox

• Button

• Grid

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Service

• Service 為一個背景程式，沒有 UI 介面，可以應用在音樂播放程式中，實現一邊上網一邊聽音樂的功能

• 當 Activity 被其他 Activity 覆蓋後，可以將欲持續執行的工作轉交給Service

• Service 也有生命週期

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http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/S60

Activity with Intent

• Intent 是用來描述一個 AP 可以做的工作有哪些

• IntentFilter 是用來描述該 activity / service 能夠做的工作有哪些

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Broadcast Receivers

• 使 AP 能對外部事件進行處理

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Content Provider

• 在 Android 系統中每一個 AP 的數據都是私有的，必須透過 Content Provider 實現 AP之間的數據交換工作

• 例如某一個 AP 可以去存取通訊錄 AP 建立的聯絡人資料。

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Let’s

Android

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Lifecycle of Activity

» return

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http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/UIQ

Lifecycle of Service

return

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http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/S60

Documents

Introduction of Android Framework 2010/1/14 1. Outline (1) –Mobile Platform Comparison Symbian Android WindowMobile PalmWebOS i-Phone –Mobile Application