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7/30/2019 Introduction and Defintion of Terms.revised
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ASSESSMENT OF INFORMED CONSENT IN UPHDMC: BASIS FOR
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND STUDIES
Introduction
Patients have a right to truth. (Thomas Percival)
Personal autonomy encompasses, at a minimum, self-rule that is free from
both controlling interference by others and from certain limitations such as aninadequate understanding that prevents meaningful choice.
(Beauchamp and Childress 2008, 1001)
The informed consent doctrine has become a foundational precept in medical
ethics and health law. Although it was practiced, it rarely achieves the whole contexts of
the informed consent process. It has been implemented worldwide. And an optimal
establishment of an informed consent requires adaptation to cultural or other individual
factors of the patient. Legally, simple consent protects patients against assault and battery
in the form of unwanted medical interventions. The patient must have been given an
adequate explanation about the nature of the proposed investigation or treatment and its
anticipated outcome as well as the significant risks involved and alternatives available.
(K. Evans). Aside from the protection it serves, patients exercised their autonomy
independently. (CMAJ, 2012)
Informed consent is more than simply getting a patient to sign a written consent
form. It is the process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about
his health care. It originates from the legal and ethical right the patient has to direct what
7/30/2019 Introduction and Defintion of Terms.revised
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happens to his body and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in
his health care (K. Edwards, 2008). Comprehension on the part of the patient is equally as
important as the information provided. In this study, we focus on the clinical practice of
informed consent in UPHDMC. It does so by examining the development of indigenous
peoples rights of participation, consultation, and consent in undergoing a specific
medical intervention. The fundamental idea of this study is that patients should be able to
tailor the disclosure process to their own values and informational needs. Generally, the
purpose of this study is to assess the extent of implementation of informed consent in
UPHDMC.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS: Operational Defintion
Age. It is basically the number of years you have lived since birth.
Civil Status. It refers to the position or standing of a person in relation to marriage or the
married state.
Diagnosis. It connotes to the identification of a condition, or disease, by systematic
analysis of the history, examination of the signs or symptoms, evaluation of the research
or test results, and investigation of the assumed or probable causes.
Ethical Obligations. It refers to the moral duties that health care providers are bound to
do to protect their patients. An ethical obligation in informed consent includes the
disclosure of the nature of the treatment plan (risk/benefits), the rights of patients and to
establish goals of care with the patient.
Gender. It refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that
a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
Informed consent. It is referred to the patients autonomous decision about whether to
undergo a surgical procedure. The ethical purpose of the consent is seeking to respect
patient autonomy by ensuring that treatment is directed toward the ends desired and is
chosen by the patient. The further obligation for physicians is to disclose all the details
about treatment to help the patient to make decision. The patient personally signs it of
legal age and mentally capable.
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Perception. It refers to the organization and interpretation of thoughts in order to
represent and understand the environment. It involves the cognitive processes required to
process information. The patients level of understanding in the context of informed
consent.
Socio-economic status. It is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a
person's work experience and of an individual's or familys economic and social position
in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
Terms of legality. This refers to the extent of the agreement in the informed consent
process. The legal standards that apply to obtaining informed consent vary across
jurisdictions, and their interpretation continues to evolve.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income