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Air Dispersion Modeling: Planning for Airborne Terrorism Release . National Science Foundation, The University of Texas at Arlington. Joel Hernandez Crosswinds High School Teacher Assistant. Tiffany LeBlanc Baton Rouge Community College Environmental Engineering. Dr. Yvette Weatherton - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IntroductionREU is the abbreviation for Research Experience for Undergraduates. The project on Hazard Mitigation is funded by the National Science Foundation. Our research was conducted at the University of Texas-Arlington with the help of professors and graduate students.
Background InformationWind-Affects plume rise, the concentration, and the travel time of the pollutant.-Wind is inversely proportional to concentration.Air Stability-Tells us the amount of vertical motion in the air. -Two categories: Stable and Unstable Atmosphere. Gaussian Dispersion Equation-Used to calculate concentration.-Basis for air dispersion programs.-A three dimensional axis system.HotSpot-Program provides approximation of the radiation effects.-Models short term accidents. -Evaluates and models how a pollutant disperses into the atmosphere.
AbstractAfter 911, the government of the United States was concerned about another terrorist attack and radiological threats. In this study, potential scenarios were examined using HotSpot. We created a scenario of an airborne terrorist attack outside the 2012 Super Bowl using Plutonium-238. The scenario was created based on wind speed, air stability, and the amount of explosives.
MethodsWith our scenario, we inputted information into HotSpot. We ran several tests with different variables to obtain our results. Steps for our Methods:
1. We chose the type of model we needed.2. We selected type of explosive, amount of explosive, and the MAR (Material at Risk). 3. We then inputted the different meteorological affects. 4. We saved the TEDE Contour File and viewed the Contour plot on
Google Earth. After running the tests we were able to choose the worse case scenario.
ConclusionsBy examining the variables, we were able to
model the most devastating scenario. The variables that caused the most destruction were wind speed at 2 m/s in a stable environment and a lower amount of explosives. This evidence supports all of the background information we learned about Air Dispersion before we modeled our scenarios.
National Science Foundation, The University of Texas at Arlington
Works citedCooper, C. David., and F. C. Alley. "Chapter 20 Atmospheric
Dispersion Modeling." Air Pollution Control: a Design Approach. Third ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 2002. 607-48. Print.
Homann, Steven G. HotSpot. Computer software. National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC). Vers. 2.07.1. 2 Mar. 2010. Web. <https://narac.llnl.gov/HotSpot/HotSpot.html>.
Air Dispersion Modeling:Planning for Airborne Terrorism Release
ObjectiveThe objective of this project was to investigate a scenario portraying a nuclear terrorist attack using the software HotSpot.
Worst Case Scenario: Backpack Stability Class F with a wind speed of 2 m/s
Tiffany LeBlancBaton Rouge Community College
Environmental Engineering
Gerald GruberSt Mary’s UniversityEngineering Science
Dr. Melanie SattlerUniversity of Texas Arlington
Professor of Civil Engineering
Dr. Yvette WeathertonUniversity of Texas Arlington
Professor of Civil Engineering
Results
Best Case Scenario: Car Stability Class F with a wind speed of 12 m/s
Ketwalee KositkanawuthUniversity of Texas Arlington
Graduate Student
Joel Hernandez Crosswinds High School
Teacher Assistant
Outcomes and ImpactWorst Case Scenario:-This plot shows a graph of the plume and important measurements. The Inner Contour line effected the population the most due to the highest surface area of deadly radiation. (Figure 7)-If you look at the picture closely you see that the plume covers a large amount of area. This is more damaging because the wind speed was slow and the stability was class F. Both of these factors caused the concentration to be high. (Figure 8) -Here is a picture of the plume that we put onto Google Earth. As you can see, the plume travelled far due to the wind speed. The pollutant was slowly dispersed into the atmosphere because the air was moderately stable. (Figure 9)Best Case Scenario:-We wanted to show you this model so we can compare and contrast the results with our worst case. As you can see the area of the plume is significantly smaller. (Figure 6)-The concentration is spread out quickly over a long land range due to the stability class. Though the stability class is F, moderately stable, the area of impact that is fatal is significantly smaller. This is because of two variables that are different. The wind speed is higher and the amount of explosive is significantly larger. (Figure 5)
Figure 1: Air Stability chart
Figure 2: Gaussian Dispersion Equation
Figure 3:Gaussian Model
Figure 4: Total Results
Figure 6: TEDE Contour Plot
Figure 9: TEDE Contour Plot
Figure 5: Table Output
Figure 8: TEDE Contour Plot
Figure 7: Table Output
-This is a table comparing all of our results with the variables of each test run. It has the area of the isopleths with 1000 rem. This is the area of the plume concentration that is fatal. (Figure 4)