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2
Introduction
Applications
This catalog provides the latest information for Hamamatsu ruggedized high temperature photomultiplier tubes ranging in diameter from 13 mm (1/2") to 51 mm (2"). All listed tubes employ high temperature bialkali photo-cathode that feature stable operation and long life at temperatures up to 90 °C, 175 °C or 200 °C. The elec-trode supporting structures have been designed so that tubes can be used in severe environments such as may be found in oil well logging, geological exploration, and aerospace applications.If you do not find the tube that meets your needs in this brochure, we will be pleased to custom produce a tube or assembly for your unique requirements. We offer a wide variety of complete assemblies of tubes, sockets, voltage dividers and tube shields which have been quality tested to assure reliable operation.
Oil well logging (Wireline, MWD and LWD)Geological explorationGauge meterAerospace research
3
Index by Type Number
Contents
Introduction & Application .................................................................................................................................. 2Index by Type Number ....................................................................................................................................... 3Quick Reference ................................................................................................................................................ 4Notes & Basing Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 513 mm (1/2") Dia. Types ..................................................................................................................................... 619 mm (3/4") Dia. Types ..................................................................................................................................... 825 mm (1") Dia. Types ...................................................................................................................................... 1028 mm (1-1/8") Dia. Types ................................................................................................................................ 1238 mm (1-1/2") Dia. Types ................................................................................................................................ 1451 mm (2") Dia. Types ...................................................................................................................................... 16Ceramic Stacked Types .................................................................................................................................... 16E678 Series Sockets ........................................................................................................................................ 18Cautions and Warranty ..................................................................................................................................... 19
1. General Characteristics of Photomultiplier Tubes .................................................................................. 20
1-1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 201-2 LLD during plateau measurement .......................................................................................................... 231-3 Plateau measurement using a blue LED ................................................................................................ 24
2. Technical Information of Photomultiplier Tubes ...................................................................................... 26
2-1 Long life characteristics of R1288AH ..................................................................................................... 262-2 Plateau width natural radiation ............................................................................................................... 272-3 Plateau change with the LLD ................................................................................................................. 282-4 Count rate characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 29
3. Technical Information of Photomultiplier Tube Assembries .................................................................. 30
3-1 Handling the cables ................................................................................................................................ 303-2 Relation between the PMT / scintillator case and the surrounding electrical potential .......................... 303-3 How to clamp the PMT assembly ........................................................................................................... 303-4 Soldering the cables ............................................................................................................................... 313-5 Selecting components for +HV operation ............................................................................................... 32
R1288A ................................. 10R1288A-01............................ 10R1288A-04 ........................... 10R1288A-06 ........................... 10R1288A-07 ........................... 10R1288A-08 ........................... 10R1288A-27 ........................... 10R1288A-28 ........................... 10R1288A-31 ........................... 10R1288AH .............................. 10R1288AH-07 ......................... 10R1288AH-27 ......................... 10R1288AH-31 ......................... 10R3991A ................................... 8R3991A-04.............................. 8
R3991A-07.............................. 8R3991A-27.............................. 8R3991A-28.............................. 8R3991A-31.............................. 8R4177 ..................................... 6R4177-01 ................................ 6R4177-04 ................................ 6R4177-06 ................................ 6R4177-27 ................................ 6R4177-28 ................................ 6R4607A-01............................ 16R4607A-06............................ 16R4607A-27............................ 16R4607A-28............................ 16R5473-02 .............................. 16
R6877A ................................. 12R6877A-01............................ 12R6877A-04............................ 12R6877A-06............................ 12R6877A-07............................ 12R6877A-08............................ 12R6877A-27............................ 12R6877A-28............................ 12R6877A-31............................ 12R9722A ................................. 14R9722A-01............................ 14R9722A-04............................ 14R9722A-06............................ 14R9722A-27............................ 14R9722A-28............................ 14
4
Quick Referemce
are suitable for MWD application.Type No.
AssemblyTemporary baseDiameter Page MaximumTemperature Button stem
13 mm(1/2") 6
90 °C
90 °C
90 °C
90 °C
90 °C
90 °C
175 °C
175 °C
175 °C
175 °C
175 °C
175 °C
175 °C
200 °C
8
10
12
14
16
16
19 mm(3/4")
25 mm(1")
28 mm(1-1/8")
38 mm(1-1/2")
51 mm(2")
25 mm(1")
R4177-04 R4177-06 R4177-28
R1288AHR1288AH-07R1288AH-27R1288AH-31
R9722A-04 R9722A-06 R9722A-28
R9722A R9722A-01 R9722A-27
R4607A-06 R4607A-28
R4607A-01 R4607A-27
R1288A-04 R1288A-06R1288A-08R1288A-28
R6877A-04R6877A-08R6877A-28
R1288A R1288A-01R1288A-07R1288A-27
R4177 R4177-01
R6877A-01
R6877A-06
R4177-27
R3991A-04 R3991A-28
R3991AR3991A-07R3991A-27R3991A-31
R1288A-31
R6877AR6877A-07R6877A-27R6877A-31
R5473-02
Standard Types
Ceramic Stacked Types
5
TPMHC0105EA
TPMHC0185EC
TPMOC0068EC
Note 1q Temperature cycling tests are performed for all 175 °C and 200 °C type tubes.w A socket will be supplied with a tube. (Assembly type is excluded)e Screening tests are performed all R1288A-31, R1288AH-31, R3991A-31, R6877A-31 tubes. See Figure 16 and Figure 17 on page 25.r The voltage distribution ratios are shown in the bottom table of each page.t Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.y These voltages are applied when the anode sensitivity and characteristics are measured.u Only initial production tubes are tested for these Shock tests. Conditions are as follows: 3 impact shocks per direction (6 directions)i Only initial production tubes are tested for these sine wave vibration tests. Conditions are as follows: 50 Hz to 2000 Hz, 1 oct. per
minute, 3 sweeps per axis (3 axes)o The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K.
The light input is 0.01 lumen and 150 volts are applied between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as anode.In the case of blue sensitivity, a blue filter of Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness is interposed between the light source and the tube.
!0 The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K.!1 Measured after 30 min. storage in darkness.
Note 2In use of this assembly at +HV potential, the load resistor (RL) and the high voltage resistant capacitor (C) must be wired as follows :
SIGNAL
P
DY
K
DY
+H.V
RECOMMENDED VALUERLC
: 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ: 0.005 µF, 3 kV to 5 kV
RL
C
: Dynode: Grid (Focusing Electrode): Photocathode: Anode: Internal Connection (Do not use)
DYG(F)KPIC
Short IndexPin
FlyingLead
Key
Pin
BASING DIAGRAM SYMBOLSAll base diagrams show terminals viewed from the base end of the tube.
Figure 1: An Example of the Temperature Cycling Test Chart
1
: MEASURING POINT
NOTE: 1 Temperature cycling tests are performed for all 175 °C and 200 °C type tubes.
2 Temperature slope (rise/down condition) 3 °C/min. Max.
3 PMT output: < 10 %
TEMPERATURECYCLING
PMT OUTPUT
175 °C
50 °C
2 3 4 5 6
B
16 h 16 h8 h 16 h
A
C
(B-A)A
4 PMT noise edge < 60 keV (Measured at C of PMT OUTPUT)
5 The plateau characteristic is measured by LED in C point.
Description of the following dataDescription of the following data
6
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No.
R4177-04
R4177-06
R4177-28
R4177
R4177-01
R4177-27
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
S/S: Stainless Steel
E678-12R
E678-13E
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
E678-13E
1R=2 MΩ
Linear Focused/10 1800—
A
B
A
B
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
1500
1500
5000 m/s2
(500 g)
0.5 ms
90
175
Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
13 mm (1/2") Dia. Types
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
Voltage Distribution Ratios
R4177-01/-06 R4177/-04
Number ofStages
A
B
K
1
1
Dy1
1
1
Dy2
1
1
Dy3
1
1
Dy4
1
1
Dy5
1
1
Dy6
1
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
1
1
(0.01)
Dy9
1
1
(0.01)
Dy10
1
1
(0.01)
P
10
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
DY10
765
4
89
10
11
1213
3
21
DY8P
DY6
DY4
DY2
IC
K
DY9
DY7
DY5
DY3
DY1
SHORT PIN
14.5 ± 0.7
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
61 ±
213
MA
X.
10 MIN.
13 PIN BASE
TPMHA0006EA TPMHA0007EB
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
13 M
AX
.
33 M
IN.
61 ±
2
12 PIN BASEJEDEC No. B12-43
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
DY9
P
12
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY2
K
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9 DY6
DY4
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56
9
10
11
13
7 8
DY10 DY8
B Temporary Base Removed
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
C Bottom ViewC
SEMIFLEXIBLELEADS 0.5 MAX.
A
B
37.3 ± 0.5
4.0 ± 0.5
10 MIN.
14.5 ± 0.7
7.9
± 0.
5
14 × 0.5 ±0.05
7
R4177-04
R4177-06
R4177-28
R4177
R4177-01
R4177-27
20
20
30
40
3.0
4.0
4.5
6.0
6
10
15
20
0.5
0.5
10
10
5 (90 °C)
100
5.0 × 105200 m/s2
(20 g)
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
R4177-27/-28 (See Note 2 on page 5)
TPMHA0032ED
100
± 1
PHOTOCATHODE
FACEPLATE
10 MIN.
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
DY10
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1 to R11:C1 to C3:
2 MΩ0.01 µF
18.0 ± 0.2
0.5
± 0.
320
3 M
IN.
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
STAINLESSSTEEL CASE
14.5 ± 0.7
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
8
R3991A-04
R3991A-28
R3991A
R3991A-07
R3991A-27
R3991A-31
Temporary base
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Assembly (S/S Case)
E678-12R
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
Circular and
Linear Focused/101800
C
D
C
D
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
1500
1500
10 000 m/s2
(1000 g)
0.5 ms
—
YES
90
175
19 mm (3/4") Dia. Types
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
Voltage Distribution Ratios
R3991A/-04 R3991A-07 (See Note 2 on page 5)
Number ofStages
C
D
K
3
3
Dy1
1
1
Dy2
1
1
Dy3
1
1
Dy4
1
1
Dy5
1
1
Dy6
1
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
1
1
(0.01)
Dy9
1
1
(0.01)
Dy10
1
1
(0.01)
P
10
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
TPMHA0361EB TPMHA0563EA
DY10
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY2
DY3
DY1
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG 24 (VIOLTET)
+H.V/GND: AWG 24 (RED)
GND/-H.V: AWG24 (BLACK)
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.01 µF
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
MA
GN
ET
IC S
HIE
LD C
AS
E
203
MIN
.44
.0 ±
0.2
50.
5 ±
0.3
FACEPLATE
GND/-H.V: AWG24 (BLACK)
+H.V/GND: AWG24 (RED)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG24 (VIOLET)
END CAP
PHOTO-CATHODE
MAGNETICSHIELD CASE
21.0 ± 0.3
15 MIN.
18.6 ± 0.7
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
C Bottom View
B Temporary Base Removed
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9 DY10
DY8
DY6
12
3
4
56
9
10
11
1314
12DY4
K DY2
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
6.0 ± 0.5
12.0
± 0
.5
14 × 0.7 ±0.05
18.6 ± 0.7
15 MIN.
13 M
AX
.
28.0
± 1
.545
MIN
.
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
SEMIFLEXIBLELEADS 0.7 MAX.
12 PIN BASEJEDECNo. B12-43
B
A
C
37.3 ± 0.5
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No. Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
S/S: Stainless Steel
9
R3991A-04
R3991A-28
R3991A
R3991A-07
R3991A-27
R3991A-31
20
20
30
40
3.0
4.0
4.5
6.0
5
5
10
20
0.1
0.1
10
10
10 (90 °C)
200
3.3 × 105
5.0 × 105
300 m/s2
(30 g)
R3991A-27/-28/-31 (See Note 2 on page 5)
TPMHA0350EB
203
MIN
.46
.0 ±
0.2
5
23.0 ± 0.25
15 MIN.
0.5
± 0.
3
1
FACEPLATE
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
DY10
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY2
DY3
DY1
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG 22 (VIOLTET)
GND/+H.V: AWG 22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.01 µF
R1R2 to R11
C1 to C3
PHOTOCATHODE
STAINLESSSTEEL CASE
18.6 ± 0.7
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
10
R1288A-04
R1288A-06
R1288A-08
R1288A-28
R1288A
R1288A-01
R1288A-07
R1288A-27
R1288A-31
R1288AH
R1288AH-07
R1288AH-27
R1288AH-31
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Assembly (S/S Case)
S/S: Stainless Steel
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
Circular and
Linear Focused/10
—
YES
—
YES
1800
C
E
C
E
C
E
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
1500
1500
1500
10 000 m/s2
(1000 g)
0.5 ms
90
175
200
25 mm (1") Dia. Types
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
Voltage Distribution Ratios
R1288A/-04, R1288AH R1288A-01/-06
Number ofStages
C
E
K
3
3
Dy1
1
1
Dy2
1
1
Dy3
1
1
Dy4
1
1
Dy5
1
1
Dy6
1
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
1
1
(0.022)
Dy9
1
1
(0.022)
Dy10
1
1
(0.022)
P
10
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
TPMHA0363EC TPMHA0362EB
17
B Temporary Base Removed
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
C Bottom View
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
PDY9DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY2
3
4
56
10
11
12
13
14
K
2
8
14
B Temporary Base Removed
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
C Bottom View
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
DY9
P DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY2
3
4
5
6
10
9
11
12
13
K
21
R1288A, -04 R1288AH 25.4 ± 0.5
22 MIN.FACEPLATE
13 M
AX
.
43.0
± 1
.550
MIN
.
C
37.3 ± 0.5
PHOTOCATHODE
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
6.0 ± 0.5
17.3
± 0
.5
18 × 0.7 ±0.05
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
6.25 ± 0.5
17.3
± 0
.5
15 × 0.7 ±0.05
12 PIN BASEJEDECNo. B12-43
B
A
SEMIFLEXIBLELEADS 0.7 MAX.
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No. Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
12
3
4
56
7 89
10
11
12
1314
KDY1
DY6
DY5
DY7
DY9P IC
IC
DY10
DY8
DY3
DY4DY2
SHORT PIN
25.4 ± 0.5
22 MIN.
13 M
AX
.43
.0 ±
1.5
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
14 PIN BASE
11
R1288A-04
R1288A-06
R1288A-08
R1288A-28
R1288A
R1288A-01
R1288A-07
R1288A-27
R1288A-31
R1288AH
R1288AH-07
R1288AH-27
R1288AH-31
20
20
30
30
40
50
3.0
4.0
5.0
4.5
6.0
7.0
5
8
10
10
20
25
0.1
0.1
0.1
10
10
10
20 (90 °C)
400
4000
(200 °C)
3.3 × 105
5.0 × 105
5.0 × 105
300 m/s2
(30 g)
*R1288A-07/-08/-16, R1288AH-07 (See Note 2 on page 5) R1288A-27/-28/-31, R1288AH-27/-31 (See Note 2 on page 5)
TPMHA0029EE TPMHA0351EB
* CAUTION: These tubes have open ends potted with silicon.Do not apply force to this potted portion, or do not fill any addi-tional potting material. Either actions could damage the voltage divider built in.
203
MIN
.71
.5 ±
0.5
30.0 ± 0.25
22 MIN.
0.5
± 0.
3
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
STAINLESS STEEL CASE
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
DY10
25.4 ± 0.5
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
203
MIN
.
MAGNETICSHIELD CASE
71.5
± 0
.50.
5 ±
0.3
22 MIN.
27.0 ± 0.6
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
DY10
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
25.4 ± 0.5
MA
GN
ET
IC S
HIE
LD C
AS
E
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
12
R6877A-04
R6877A-06
R6877A-08
R6877A-28
R6877A
R6877A-01
R6877A-07
R6877A-27
R6877A-31
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly
Assembly (S/S Case)
Assembly (S/S Case)
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
1R=2 MΩ
Circular and
Linear Focused/10
—
YES
1800
C
E
C
E
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
1500
1500
5000 m/s2
(500 g)
0.5 ms
90
175
28 mm (1-1/8") Dia. Types
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
Voltage Distribution Ratios
R6877A/-04
Number ofStages
C
E
K
3
3
Dy1
1
1
Dy2
1
1
Dy3
1
1
Dy4
1
1
Dy5
1
1
Dy6
1
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
1
1
(0.022)
Dy9
1
1
(0.022)
Dy10
1
1
(0.022)
P
10
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
TPMHA0451EB
R6877A-01/-06
TPMHA0564EA
S/S: Stainless Steel
17
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
PDY9 DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY2
3
4
56 10
11
12
13
14
K
2
8
B Temporary Base Removed
C Bottom View
C
PHOTOCATHODE
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
6.0 ± 0.5
17.3
± 0
.5
18 × 0.7 ±0.05
12 PIN BASEJEDECNo. B12-43
B
A
SEMIFLEXIBLELEADS 0.7 MAX.
13 M
AX
. 44.0
± 1
.550
MIN
.
FACEPLATE
28.5 ± 0.5
25 MIN.
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No. Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
12
3
4
56
7 89
10
11
12
1314
KDY1
DY6
DY5
DY7
DY9P IC
IC
DY10
DY8
DY3
DY4DY2
SHORT PIN
28.5 ± 0.5
25 MIN.
44.0
± 1
.513
MA
X.
14 PIN BASE
FACEPLATE
PHOTO-CATHODE
13
R6877A-04
R6877A-06
R6877A-08
R6877A-28
R6877A
R6877A-01
R6877A-07
R6877A-27
R6877A-31
20
20
30
40
3.0
4.0
4.5
6.0
5
8
10
20
0.2
0.2
20
10
30 (90 °C)
500
3.3 × 105
5.0 × 105
200 m/s2
(20 g)
R6877A-07/-08
TPMHA0452EC
R6877A-27/-28/-31
TPMHA0518EB
203
MIN
.65
.5 ±
0.5
34.0 ± 0.25
0.5
± 0.
3
STAINLESSSTEEL CASE
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
DY10
25 MIN.
28.5 ±0.5
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)GND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
PHOTOCATHODE
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
203
MIN
.65
.5 ±
0.5
31.5 ± 0.3
0.5
± 0.
3
MAGNETICSHIELDCASE
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 6 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
DY10
25 MIN.
28.5 ± 0.5
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)GND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
PHOTOCATHODE
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (RED)
-H.V/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (VIOLET)
MA
GN
ET
IC S
HIE
LD C
AS
E
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
14
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
R9722A/-04 R9722A-01/-06
R9722A-04
R9722A-06
R9722A-28
R9722A
R9722A-01
R9722A-27
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
Temporary base
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
E678-12R
E678-14-03
1R=2 MΩ
Circular and
Linear Focused/101800—
F
G
F
G
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
1500
1500
5000 m/s2
(500 g)
0.5 ms
90
175
38 mm (1-1/2") Dia. Types
Voltage Distribution RatiosNumber of
Stages
F
G
K
2
2
Dy1
1
1
Dy2
1
1
Dy3
1
1
Dy4
1
1
Dy5
1
1
Dy6
1
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
1
1
(0.022)
Dy9
1
1
(0.022)
Dy10
1
1
(0.022)
P
10
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
TPMHA0042EC TPMHA0043EA
S/S: Stainless Steel
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No. Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY10DY8
DY6
DY4
DY23
4
5
6 10
11
12
13
151K
B Temporary Base Removed
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
P
DY9
DY2
K1
2
3
4
56 7
8
9
10
1112
DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
C Bottom View
2
9
A Lead Orientation Bottom View
7.5 ± 0.5
23.0
± 0
.5
16 × 0.7 ±0.05
12 PIN BASEJEDECNo. B12-43
B
A
SEMIFLEXIBLELEADS 0.7 MAX.
C
37.3 ± 0.5
69.0
± 1
.5
13 M
AX
.
70 M
IN.
38.0 ± 0.7
34 MIN.
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
12
3
4
56
7 89
10
11
12
1314
KDY1
DY6
DY5
DY7
DY9P IC
IC
DY10
DY8
DY3
DY4DY2
SHORT PIN
38.0 ± 0.7
34 MIN.
69.0
± 1
.513
MA
X.
FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
14 PIN BASE
15
R9722A-27/-28
R9722A-04
R9722A-06
R9722A-28
R9722A
R9722A-01
R9722A-27
20
20
30
40
3.0
4.0
4.5
6.0
5
5
10
20
0.5
0.5
10
10
40 (90 °C)
1000
3.3 × 105
5.0 × 105
200 m/s2
(20 g)
TPMHA0517EB
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
203
MIN
.96
.0 ±
0.8
44.0 ± 0.5
0.5
± 0.
3
STAINLESSSTEELCASE DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 4 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
DY10
34 MIN.
38.0 ± 0.7
PHOTO-CATHODE
SHIELD: AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE)
GND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
SIGNAL OUTPUT: COAX. RG-316/U
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
SHIELD: AWG26 (BLK/WHT)
OUTPUT RG-316/UGND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
16
R4607A-06
R4607A-28
R4607A-01
R4607A-27
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
Button stem
Assembly (S/S Case)
E678-15C
1R=2 MΩ
E678-15C
1R=2 MΩ
Circular and
Linear Focused/101800—
F
G
F
G
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
1500
1500
5000 m/s2
(500 g)
0.5 ms
90
175
51 mm (2") Dia. Types
R5473-02 Assembly 1R=2 MΩ Venetian Blind/12 3000 H0.01 200010 000 m/s2
(1000 g)0.5 ms
YES175
Ceramic Stacked Types
Dimensional Outlines and Basing Diagrams (Unit: mm)
Voltage Distribution Ratios
R4607A-01/-06 R4607A-27/-28
Number ofStages
G
F
H
K
K
2
2
2
Dy1
G
1
1
1
Dy2
Dy1
1
1
1
Dy3
Dy2
1
1
1
Dy4
Dy3
1
1
1
Dy5
Dy4
1
1
1
Dy6
Dy5
1
1
1
Dy7
Dy6
1
1
1
Dy8
Dy7
1
(0.022)
1
1
Dy9
Dy8
1
(0.022)
1
1
Dy10
Dy9
1
(0.022)
1
1 1
(0.01)
1
(0.01)
1
(0.01)
P
Dy10 Dy11 Dy12 P
10
12
DistributionRatio Codes
Voltage Distribution RatioK: Cathode Dy: Dynode P: Anode
The parentheses indicate the value of capacitors in µF.
TPMHA0003ED TPMHA0453EC
MaximumTemp.
(°C)
Type No. Base Configration
Socketor
ResistorValue
Dynode Structure
Number of Stages
MWDAppl.
Anode toCathodeVoltage
AverageAnodeCurrent
Shock
Maximum Ratings
(mA)
Anode toCathodeVoltage
(V)(V)
q w e y u
r t
203
MIN
.11
0 ±
1
52.0 ± 1.0
0.7
± 0.
3
SHIELD: AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE)
GND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
SIGNAL OUTPUT: COAX. RG-316/U
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
P
K
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
R1R2 to R11C1 to C3
: 4 MΩ: 2 MΩ: 0.022 µF
DY10
58.0 ± 0.5
46 MIN.
SHIELD: AWG26 (BLACK/WHITE)
ANODE OUTPUT RG-316/UGND/+HV: AWG22 (RED)
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
PHOTOCATHODE
HA
CO
AT
ING
, µ-M
ET
AL
WR
AP
PIN
G
STAINLESSSTEEL CASE
DY1
DY3
DY5
DY7
DY9
P
IC IC DY10
DY8
DY6
DY4
DY2
IC
K
12
3
4
56
7 8 910
11
12
1314
15
SHORT PIN
52 ± 1
46 MIN.FACEPLATE
PHOTOCATHODE
80 ±
213
MA
X.
15 PIN BASE
S/S: Stainless Steel
17
R4607A-06
R4607A-28
R4607A-01
R4607A-27
20
20
30
40
3.0
4.0
4.5
6.0
5
5
10
20
3
3
50
50
50 (90 °C)
1500
3.3 × 105
5.0 × 105
200 m/s2
(20 g)
R5473-0220 40 4.0 6.0 5 20 0.5 10 4005.0 × 105500 m/s2
(50 g)
R5473-02 (See Note 2 on page 5)
TPMHA0349EC
DY12
DY11
DY10
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY4
DY5
DY3
DY1
DY2
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG 22 (RED)GND/+H.V: AWG22 (WHITE)
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
P
K
G
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
: 8 MΩ: 4 MΩ: 0.01 µF
R1R2 to R14
C1 to C3
GLASS FIBERCASE
PHOTO-CATHODE
FACEPLATE
203
MIN
.92
.2 ±
0.4
-HV/GND: AWG22 (BLACK)
GND/+H.V: AWG22 (WHITE)
ANODE OUTPUT: AWG22 (RED)
26.0 ± 0.4
20 MIN.
0.5
± 0.
3
Type No.Sine
Vibration
Gainat 25 °C
Luminousat 25 °C
Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity and Characteristics
Blue SensitivityIndex (CS 5-58)
at 25 °C
(µA/lm)
Min.
(µA/lm)
Typ.
Luminousat 25 °C
Dark Current
at 25 °C at 175 °C
(A/lm)
Min.
(A/lm) (nA) (nA) (nA)
Typ. Typ. Max. Typ.Min. Typ. Typ.
oi
!0 !1
18
Sockets
Dimensional Outlines (Unit: mm)
E678-13E E678-14-03
TACCA0013EB TACCA0184EA
5.5
11
12.4
3
710
.5
E678-12R E678-15C
TACCA0009EB TACCA0185EA
25.2
19.1
27.5
2
9.5
6.5
3.9
24.5
14
14
40
47
58
15
17
2- 3.2
34
50
60
40
4
45
26.
5
12
40
5
Contact pins are gold plating.
19
WARNING
HIGHVOLTAGE
A high voltage used in photomultiplier tube opera-tion may present a shock hazard. Photomultiplier tubes should be installed and handled only by qualified personnel that have been instructed in
handling of high voltages. Designs of equipment utilizing these devices should incorporate appropriate interlocks to protect the operator and service personnel.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
Handle tubes with extreme carePhotomultiplier tubes have evacuated glass envelopes. Al-lowing the glass to be scratched or to be subjected to shock can cause cracks.
Keep faceplate and base cleanDo not touch the faceplate and base with bare hands. Dirt and fingerprints on the faceplate cause loss of transmittance and dirt on the base may cause ohmic leakage. Should they become soiled, wipe it clean using alcohol.
Do not expose to strong lightDirect sunlight and other strong illumination may cause dam-age to the photocathode. They must not be allowed to strike the photocathode, even when the tube is not operated.
Handling of tubes with a glass baseA glass base (also called button stem) is less rugged than a plastic base, so care should be taken in handling this type of tube. For example, when fabricating the voltage-divider cir-
cuit, solder the divider resistors to socket lugs while the tube is inserted in the socket.
Low temperature storage or operationDo not leave the tube assembly having a voltage divider in the environment under -30 °C even in storage. A bare tube can withstand down to -80 °C.
DO NOT use supersonic cleaner.
Attached base and socket are only for lab inspection, and not guarantee for long time operation at high tem-perature.
Data and specifications listed in this catalog are subject to change due to product improvement and other factors. Before specifying any of the types in your production equipment, please consult our sales office.
WARRANTY
All Hamamatsu photomultiplier tubes and related products are warranted to the original purchaser for a period of 12 months following the date of shipment. The warranty is limit-ed to repair or replacement of any defective material due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture.
A: Any claim for damage of shipment must be made directly to the delivering carrier within five days.
B: Customers must inspect and test all photomultiplier tubes within 30 days after shipment. Failure to accomplish said incoming inspection shall limit all claims to 75 % of value.
C: No credit will be issued for broken detectors unless in the opinion of Hamamatsu the damage is due to a bulb crack traceable to a manufacturing defect.
D: No credit will be issued for any photomultiplier tube which, in the judgement of Hamamatsu, has been damaged, abused, modified or whose serial number or type number has been obliterated or defaced.
E: No photomultiplier tube will be accepted for return unless permission has been obtained from Hamamatsu in writing, the shipment has been returned prepaid and insured, the photomultiplier tube is packed in its original box, is accom-panied by the original datasheet furnished to the customer with the tube and a full written explanation of the reason for each return.
F: When photomultiplier tubes are used at a condition which exceeds the specified maximum ratings or which could hardly be anticipated, Hamamatsu will not be the guaran-tor of photomultiplier tubes.
Take sufficient care to avoid an electric shock hazard
20
10-1700400300200
102
100
101
WAVELENGTH (nm)
CA
TH
OD
E R
AD
IAN
T S
EN
SIT
IVIT
Y (
mA
/W)
QU
AN
TU
M E
FF
ICIE
NC
Y (
%)
600500
CATHODERADIANTSENSITIVITY
QUANTUMEFFICIENCY
(at 25 °C)TPMHB0061EA TPMHB0062EC
TPMHB0063EE TPMHB0064ED
25 50 100 150 175 200
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
AN
OD
E D
AR
K C
UR
RE
NT
(A
)
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
90
200 °CType
175 °C Type
90 °C Type
SUPPLY VOLTAGE=1500 V
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
GA
IN
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
(at 25 °C)
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
R5473-02
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
GA
IN
(at 25 °C)
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
500 600 700 800 1000 1500 1800
R4177, R3991A, R1288A, R1288AH, R6877A, R9722A, R4607A
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response of 175 °C Version Photomultiplier Tubes
Figure 2: R1288A Typical Dark Current Characteristics as a Function of Temperature
Figure 3: Typical Gain Figure 4: Typical Gain
1. General Characteristics ofPhotomultiplier Tubes
1-1. General characteristics
21
Figure 5: Typical Fatigue Characteristics with Continuous Operation (R1288A)
Figure 7: Typical Pulse Height as a Function of Temperature (R1288A, R1288AH, R3991A)
Figure 8: Typical Pulse Height Resolution as a Function of Temperature (R1288A, R1288AH, R3991A)
Figure 7 shows the variations of P.H. (pulse height) and Figure 8 shows P.H.R. (pulse height resolution) as a function of the ambient temperature.These degradations are due to performance changes in the photomultiplier tube and efficiency losses in the crystal at high temperature.Both parameters recover close to their initial values when tubes are returned to room temperature.P.H.R. (pulse height resolution) characteristic of a PMT may be changed by the emission efficiency of scintillator used.This data is taken with the scintillator 1"×2" NaI(TI) for R1288A, 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI) for R3991A.
TPMHB0823EA
TPMHB0749EB TPMHB0750EB
0
20
25 50 75 100 125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
RE
LAT
IVE
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T
150 175 200
40
60
80
100
120
R1288A
R3991A
R1288AH
RADIATION SOURCE: 137CsSCINTILLATOR: 1"×2" NaI(TI): R1288A 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI): R3991ASUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V
6
8
25 50 75 100 125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T R
ES
OLU
TIO
N (
%)
150 175 200
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
R3991AR1288A
R1288AH
RADIATION SOURCE: 137CsSCINTILLATOR: 1"×2" NaI(TI): R1288A 0.75"×1.5" NaI(TI): R3991ASUPPLY VOLTAGE: 1500 V
Figure 6: Typical Fatigue Characteristics with Continuous Operation (R1288AH)TPMHB0824EA
10 100 1000 10000
OPERATION TIME (hours)
RE
LATI
VE
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T (%
)
0
100
150
50
1
LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs)COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE = 1500 V
90 °C
150 °C175 °C
10 100 1000 10000
OPERATION TIME (hours)
RE
LATI
VE
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T (%
)
0
100
150
50
1
LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs)COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE = 1500 V
175 °C
200 °C
22
Figure 9: Typical Plateau Characteristics (R1288A, R1288AH)
Figure 10: Typical Plateau Characteristics (R3991A)
TPMHB0751EA
TPMHB0067EE
Figure 11: Typical Plateau Characteristics (R5473-02)
TPMHB0068EC
200
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
CO
UN
T R
AT
E (
s-1 )
0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
25 °C
LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.=1.5 pCRADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV)SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 1" × 2") 175 °C
200 °C
150 °C
PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 200 VPLATEAU LENGTH at 200 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 50 V
200
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
CO
UN
T R
AT
E (
s-1 )
0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
175 °C 150 °C
PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C ( ±5 % WINDOW): 200 V
25 °C
LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.=1.5 pCRADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV)SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 0.75" × 1.5")
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
CO
UN
T R
AT
E (
s-1 )
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800LOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.=1.5 pCRADIATION SOURCE: 137Cs (662 keV)SCINTILLATOR: Nal (Tl) ( 1" × 2")
175 °C 150 °C
25 °C
PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C (± 5 % WINDOW): 200 V
23
Figure 12: Plateau Test Block Diagram
1-2. LLD during plateau measurement
TPMHC0186EB
PMT
NaI(Tl)SCINTILLATOR137Cs
RADIOISOTOPE
TEMPERATURECONTROLLER
VOLTAGEDIVIDER
NETWORK
TEMPERATURECONTROLCHAMBER
HIGHVOLTAGEPOWERSUPPLY
LINEARAMP.
PREAMP.
SINGLECHANNELANALYZER
COUNTER
COMPUTER
This section describes the LLD (lower level discriminator) that should be set to make plateau measurements. First, let us calculate the charge amount per pulse that is output from the PMT.The number of photons emitted from a NaI(Tl) scintillator for high temperature and rugged environments is usually about 15 photons per 1 keV of gamma-ray energy.If using 137Cs (gamma-ray energy 662 keV), the number of emitted photons will be about 10,000. It is simply calculated by 662 × 15. If the PMT is used with a 137Cs radiation source, the charge amount per pulse of the PMT is obtained as follows:
As calculated above, the charge amount per pulse obtained using the 137Cs (662 keV) is about 100 pC.The estimated charge amount obtained under the conditions at 175 °C will therefore be about 50 pC which is approximately half the charge at room temperature (See Fig. 7 on page 21).
Based on these, the LLD should be adjusted to an optimal level, however, in view of the decrease in output during high temperature operation, it is preferable that the LLD be set so that a plateau region can be obtained at a voltage lower than the rated voltage.
For general characteristics when LLD = 1.5 pC, refer to Figures 9 to 11.
Since the PMT gain and the emission intensity of scintillators differ from product to product, we advise adjusting the LLD setting as needed to match the actual usage conditions so that the plateau region can be obtained below the rated voltage.When setting the LLD, we suggest using a capacitor with a known capacitance and a pulse generator in order to calibrate by using the pulse output from the capacitor.
N : Number of photons emitted from scintillator per event : Photocathode quantum efficiency (assumed to be 15 % at room temperature) : PMT collection efficiency (assumed to be 80 %) : PMT gaine : Electron charge
= 10,000 × 0.15 × 0.8 × 5 × 105 × 1.6 × 10-19
= 100 pCN × × × × e
24
Plateau measurement is usually performed by Hamamatsu with a combination of a 137Cs radiation source and an NaI(Tl) scintil-lator, which serves as the light source. However, pulsed light from a blue LED can also be used to evaluate plateau charac-teristics of the photomultiplier tube. Advantages of using a blue LED is that decreasing of the emission efficiency of NaI(Tl) scin-tillators over time can be eliminated. In addition, the LED is set outside the temperature-controlled chamber so it is not exposed to high temperatures during measurement. This means that in-herent characteristics of photomultiplier tubes can be measured.Furthermore, plateau measurement using scintillators often re-quires a large number of scintillators and also extra processes for measurement setups. This results in more work and in-creased cost in order to supply customers with plateau meas-urement data. Using blue LEDs allows simultaneous measure-ment of many photomultiplier tubes and supplying data with a minimum cost increase.Figures 13 and 14 show comparisons of plateau length data measured using scintillators and blue LEDs. As can be seen, this data shows a good correlation. The block diagram of the test using a blue LED is also shown in Figure 15.
Figure 14: Plateau characteristics of R3991A measured with scintillator and blue LED
Figure 13: Correlation of plateau length data measured with scintillator and blue LED
TPMHB0633EA
TPMHC0184EC
TPMHB0634EA
Figure 15: Temperature Test Block Diagram (Temperature Cycling Test and Plateau Measurement)
1-3. Plateau measurement using a blue LED
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4800 200018001600140012001000
APPLIED VOLTAGE ( V )
RE
LAT
IVE
O
UT
PU
T
CO
UN
T
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
800 200018001600140012001000
APPLIED VOLTAGE ( V )
RE
LAT
IVE
O
UT
PU
T
CO
UN
TS
0.8
0.7
LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LEDLLD : 1.5 pCTEMP. : 175 °C
PLATEAU LENGTH: 629 V
LIGHT SOURCE: 137Cs+ NaI(TI)LLD : 1.5 pCTEMP. : 175 °C
PLATEAU LENGTH: 176 V
400100
120
140
160
180
650600550500450
PLATEAU LENGTH MEASURED WITH BLUE LED (V)
PLA
TE
AU
LE
NG
TH
M
EA
SU
RE
D W
ITH
NaI
(Tl)
SC
INT
ILLA
TO
R (
V)
PULSEGENERATOR
BLUELED TEMP.
CONTROLLER
PMTVOLTAGEDIVIDER
NETWORK
TEMPERATURECONTROL CHAMBER
LIGHTGUIDE
TEMPERATURESTABILIZED
LIGHT SOURCE BOX
HIGHVOLTAGEPOWERSUPPLY
MULTICHANNELANALYZER
PRE AMP.
LINEARAMP.
SINGLECHANNELANALYZER
COUNTER COMPUTER
25
Figure 16: Screening Test Block Diagram for R1288A-31, R3991A-31
Figure 17: An Example Test Data (Recorder chart of the screening test)
TUBE AXIS
TPMHC0106EB
TPMHB0220EA
TACCC0043EB
<Screening Condition>Vibration : Sine wave 200 m/s2 (20 g's), 50 Hz to 2000 Hz,
1 oct. per minute, 1 sweep per axis (3 axes)Sweep time : 10 minutes per axisSupply voltage : -1500 VAnode output current : Approx. 2 µA (DC)
<Judgement>Anode output variation during the screening test: less than ±5 %
50 2000 50
FREQUENCY (Hz)
X-axis
VA
RIA
TIO
N O
FA
NO
DE
OU
TP
UT
(2
%/d
iv.)
10 %
5 min.
50 2000 50
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Y-axis
VA
RIA
TIO
N O
FA
NO
DE
OU
TP
UT
(2
%/d
iv.)
10 %
5 min.
50 2000 50
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Z-axis
VA
RIA
TIO
N O
FA
NO
DE
OU
TP
UT
(2
%/d
iv.)
10 %
5 min.
DY1
DY2
Y-axis
Z-axis
X-axis
DC POWERSUPPLY
HIGH VOLTAGEPOWER SUPPLY
LED PMT
SHAKER
VIBRATIONCONTROL
UNITRECORDER
MAGNETIC SHIELD WRAPPING
26
Figure 1: R1288AH Relative Pulse Height vs. Operating Time (Temperature: 200 °C)
TPMHB0825EA
2. Technical Information ofPhotomultiplier Tubes
Figure 2: R1288AH Relative Pulse Height vs. Operating Time (Temperature: 175 °C)
TPMHB0826EA
10 100 1000
OPERATION TIME (hours)
RE
LATI
VE
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T (%
)
0
100
150
50
1
LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs)COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE = 1500 V
R1288A
R1288AH
10 100 100001000
OPERATION TIME (hours)
RE
LATI
VE
PU
LSE
HE
IGH
T (%
)
0
100
150
50
1
R1288AH
LIGHT SOURCE: BLUE LED (SIMULATED NaI(Tl)+137Cs)COUNT RATE: 1 ks-1, SUPPLY VOLTAGE = 1500 V
R1288A
Compared to the R1288A, the R1288AH offers less degradation in output and higher stability even during continuous operation at 200 °C.
Stability is drastically improved even during continuous operation at 175 °C.
2-1. Long life characteristic of R1288AH
27
Figure 3: Pulse Height Distribution of R1288A Measured with NaI(Tl) + 137Cs / Natural Gamma
TPMHB0827EA
Figure 4: Plateau Characteristics of R1288A Measured with NaI(Tl) + 137Cs / Natural Gamma
Figure 5: Correlation of Plateau Length Data Measured with NaI(Tl) + 137Cs / Natural Gamma
TPMHB0828EA
TPMHB0829EA
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
RE
LAT
IVE
CO
UN
T R
AT
E (
%)
40
120
140
160
60
80
100
0.8
137Cs (COUNT RATE 1 ks-1)
PMT: R1288ALOWER LEVEL DISCRIM.=1.5 pCSCINTILATOR: NaI(Tl) ( 1" × 2")
PLATEAU LENGTH at 175 °C (±5 % WINDOW)NATURAL GAMMA: 200 V137Cs: 250 V
NATURAL GAMMA (COUNT RATE 30 s-1)
200 300 400 500150 250 350 450
PLATEAU LENGTH MEASUREDWITH NaI(Tl) + NATURAL GAMMA (V)
PLA
TE
AU
LE
NG
TH
ME
AS
UR
ED
WIT
H N
aI(T
l) +
137
Cs
(V)
100
600
500
400
300
200
100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
ENERGY (keV)
OU
TP
UT
CO
UN
T
0.1
1000
10000
100000
1
10
100
0
137Cs (COUNT RATE 1 ks-1)
PMT: R1288ASCINTILATOR: NaI(Tl) ( 1" × 2")MEASUREMENT TIME: 300 s
NATURAL GAMMA (COUNT RATE 30 s-1)
This section describes plateau characteristics measured with and without a special radiation source (natural radiation only).At Hamamatsu Photonics, 137Cs radiation sources are used as the standard. Using a radiation source has the following advan-tages:1. Count rate can be adjusted as needed, so the measurement
time can be reduced by setting an appropriate count rate. (Hamamatsu standard count rate: 1 ks-1 in plateau region)
2. Absolute value of noise edge can be found, such as in units of keV.
3. PHR (Pulse Height Resolution) can be measured.
The figure below shows the PHD measured with and without a 137Cs radiation source (without = natural radiation only). The same PMT and scintillator were used.As seen from the PHD in the figure, the count rate measured under natural radiation is extremely low and about 1/30th the count rate measured under our standard conditions. This means the measurement time is more than 30 times longer than that required when using a 137Cs radiation source. Identify-ing the noise edge is difficult as the natural radiation dosen't have clear energy peak.
Data for plateau characteristics measured under these condi-tions are shown in the following figure. The initial rise in the pla-teau region tends to be shifted higher due to low energy natural radiation pulses. Moreover, due to a low count rate, the plateau characteristics become more susceptible to the PMT noise, and the final rise in the plateau region tends to be early due to this noise, causing the plateau region to narrow.
The figure below shows the correlation in plateau width when using 137Cs versus when using only natural radiation. Sample data measured with the R1288A under the above conditions shows the plateau region for natural radiation tends to be about 50 V smaller.
2-2. Plateau width natural radiation
28
400
300
350
200
100
250
150
50
00 1 2 3
LLD (pC)
PLA
TE
AU
LE
NG
TH
(V
)
R1288A
150 °C
175 °C
250
200
150
100
50
00 1 2 3
LLD (pC)
R3991A
PLA
TE
AU
LE
NG
TH
(V
)
150 °C
175 °C
2-3. Plateau change with the LLDGraphs in Figures 6(a) to (c) show the plateau center voltage, plateau start voltage and plateau length characteristics for the R1288A and R3991A photomultiplier tubes. Each graph was plotted while changing the LLD (low level discrimination) from 0.8 pC to 1.5 pC and to 2.8 pC with a sampling window of ±5 % specified during plateau measurements using a 137Cs radiation source and an NaI(Tl) scintillator. As (a) and (b) of these figures show, the plateau voltage lowers as the LLD is set to smaller points, because signal pulses with low pulse height are also counted so that the signals appear at low supply voltages.In contrast, when the LLD is set to higher points, the plateau voltage shifts to the higher voltage side. If the LLD is set too high, the plateau voltage may exceed the maximum rating. So it is important that the LLD be adjusted to obtain a plateau volt-age within the rated voltage.
Figure 6(a): Plateau center voltage vs. LLD for R1288A and R3991A
Figure 6(c): Plateau length vs. LLD for R1288A and R3991A
Figure 6(b): Plateau start voltage vs. LLD for R1288A and R3991A
TPMHB0632EB
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
12000 1 2 3
R1288A
PLA
TE
AU
CE
NT
ER
VO
LTA
GE
(V
)
LLD (pC)
150 °C
175 °C
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
12000 1 2 3
LLD (pC)
R3991A
PLA
TE
AU
CE
NT
ER
VO
LTA
GE
(V
)
150 °C
175 °C
1500
1400
1450
1300
1200
1350
1250
0 1 2 3
PLA
TE
AU
ST
AR
T V
OLT
AG
E (
V)
R1288A
LLD (pC)
150 °C
175 °C
1550
1500
1450
1400
1350
1300
12500 1 2 3
LLD (pC)
R3991A
PLA
TE
AU
ST
AR
T V
OLT
AG
E (
V)
150 °C
175 °C
29
2-4. Count rate characteristicsPower consumption is limited in oil well logging equipment.The voltage divider circuit for operating the photomultiplier tube must have low power consumption. A common method to lower power consumption is to use a high resistance to limit the volt-age divider current. However, such a design causes deviation in photomultiplier tube gain when operated at a high count rate. An active divider circuit is effective in solving this problem. Fig-ure 8 shows count rate characteristics of a R1288A photomulti-plier tube measured with active divider circuits of different base resisters (1R=100 kΩ, 1R=2 MΩ and 1R=1 MΩ). Active divider circuits are clearly effective in eliminating gain fluctuations while still limiting the voltage divider current.If the active divider circuit is required for your application, please contact our sales office nearest you.
Figure 7: Count rate characteristics
TPMHB0752EA
ACTIVE DIVIDER CIRCUIT
Dy1
R
Dy2
R
Dy3
R
Dy4
R
Dy5
R
Dy6
R
Dy7
R
Dy8
R
Dy9
R
P OUTPUT
GND/+HV
-HV/GND
Dy10
ACTIVE DIVIDERCIRCUIT
3R
K
0 10 200
5
10
15
20
30
COUNT RATE (k s-1)
DE
VIA
TIO
N (
%)
40 50 60
0 10 200
5
10
15
20
30
COUNT RATE (k s-1)
DE
VIA
TIO
N (
%)
40 50 60
0 10 200
5
10
15
20
30
COUNT RATE (k s-1)
DE
VIA
TIO
N (
%)
40 50 60
1R=2 MΩ
DIVIDER CURRENT1500 V: 58 µA1200 V: 46 µA
RADIATION SOURCE: 137CsSCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2"LLD: 60 keV
+1500 V
1R=100 kΩ
DIVIDER CURRENT1500 V: 1150 µA1200 V: 920 µA
RADIATION SOURCE: 137CsSCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2"LLD: 60 keV
+1200 V
+1500 V
1R=2 MΩ ACTIVE DIVIDER
DIVIDER CURRENT1500 V: 58 µA1200 V: 46 µA
RADIATION SOURCE: 137CsSCINTILLATOR: NaI(Tl) 1" × 2"LLD: 60 keV
+1200 V
+1500 V
+1200 V
30
3-1. Handling the cablesPhotomultiplier tube (PMT) assemblies use PTFE(*) cables be-cause of their excellent electrical insulation and good chemical resistance. However, handle these cables correctly to ensure good cable performance characteristics.
(*) PTFE= Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene
Do not knot the cables. Doing so may apply unnecessary stress to the internal conductors and may break them. When adjusting the cable length, cut to the desired length. Also clamp the ca-bles to protect them from vibration.Although PTFE cables have excellent electrical insulation, they can be damaged by mechanical stress. So do not directly clamp the cable outer jackets when installing these cables. We recommend using heat-resistant tube or tape such as silicone, PTFE or polyimide films to protect the cables.
3-2. Relation between the PMT/scintillator case and the surrounding electrical potential
If a strong electrical potential difference exists between the PMT and the surrounding areas, scintillation may occur in the glass bulb. This scintillation may lead to problems such as high dark current and noise. For example, if a PMT is operated with the cathode at negative high voltage (-HV operation) and the PMT is contacting or close to a grounded enclosure (case that con-tains the PMT), then the difference in electrical potential will cause an unwanted increase in PMT noise.In addition, a large electrical potential difference between the PMT face plate and scintillator could cause degradation of cath-ode sensitivity, because leakage current flows through the face plate glass and such a current may degrade the photocathode.So also be aware of the difference in electrical potential be-tween the PMT and the scintillator case.The scintillator case should ideally be at the same potential as the PMT photocathode. Here, -HV operation requires adequate insulation around the scintillator case. If the scintillator and PMT case structures make it difficult to insulate the PMT photoca-thode and scintillator case from the surrounding enclosure and maintain them at the same potential, then we recommend oper-ating the PMT with the anode at a positive high voltage (+HV operation) so the photocathode can be kept at ground potential.
3-3. How to clamp the PMT assemblyThe PMT uses a glass bulb, and so cannot be mechanically se-cured in place by screws or clamps.To couple the PMT to a scintillator, a uniform load should be ap-plied to the PMT to make the PMT faceplate come in tight con-tact with the scintillator. However, applying an excessive non-uniform load to the PMT might cause the glass bulb to crack or break, so be very careful when coupling the PMT to the scintilla-tor.Hamamatsu PMT assemblies are "potted" with silicone epoxy to protect the internal voltage divider circuit from loads and shocks. The assembly structure is also designed to hold the PMT in place. These features guarantee that up to a 20 kgf load can be applied to the rear side of the PMT assembly during coupling or installation work.
3. Technical Information ofPhotomultiplier Tube Assemblies
Do not knot or directly clamp the cables since this causes internal cable stress.
When clamping the cables, protect the cable outer jacket as shown.
31
* ETP = Electrolytic tough pitch copper
3-4. Soldering the cableHamamatsu PMT assemblies listed in this catalog use cable wires made from the following materials (except for coaxial wires).
When coupling the PMT with a scintillator, a silicone pad with good optical transmission is often used with low viscosity silicon oil to ensure good optical coupling.
The photos at right and below show voids in the silicone oil used as a coupling material between the scintillator's glass sur-face and the PMT faceplate.Even if the initial coupling condition seems good, air bubbles contained in the silicone oil, even in tiny amounts, may expand with temperature increase. Air bubbles may also appear if the coupling position is shifted by vibration or shock.Since a certain load is usually applied to couple the PMT to the scintillator, air bubbles contained in the coupling area may be reduced invisible in steady state condition.However, such bubbles may be expanded when shock or vibra-tion is applied and may increase the scattering to cause light loss. This could result in the change of the pulse height or loss of energy resolution.Since light transmission through the air bubbles differs from that through the tight contact area, output of the PMT may vary ac-cording to the temperature and vibration.
When using low-viscosity coupling material, it is suggested that checking in advance whether or not air bubbles are generated under high temperature environments. If using solid coupling material, it is also suggested that checking in advance that ex-pansion and contraction due to temperature changes will not af-fect the light transmission efficiency from the scintillator to the PMT. In either case, careful handling is required to ensure tight coupling. When making connections using lead-free solder, we recom-
mend using Sn-Ag-Cu based solder in order to prevent silver and copper elements in the wire from diffusing into the tin in the solder (Ag, Cu leaching).
Silicone oil coupling on glass surface – This usually provides sufficient optical transparency.
Voids generated by distortion in the coupling interface due to high tem-perature shock
Voids will become smaller over time as the load and temperature ap-plied to the coupling interface become lower.
Conductortype
ETP*
ETP*R1288AH
only
MIL-QQ-W-343bASTM:B298-64MIL-QQ-W-343bASTM:B355-65T
Silver
Nickelplating
Coatingtype
Temperaturerating
200 °C
260 °C
Applicablespecifications Note
ExampleSn-0.3AG-2CuSn-3Ag-0.5Cu
Solidus Line217 °C217 °C
Liquidus Line270 °C220 °C
32
3-5. Selecting components for +HV operationIn +HV operation with the cathode grounded, the anode is at the same electrical potential as the supply voltage.This means a coupling capacitor (Cc) is usually needed to ob-tain the anode signals by isolating them from the high voltage section.The capacitor used across such a large difference in voltage potential must have low leakage current and high resistance to voltage breakdown even during high temperature operation. So carefully select a coupling capacitor that has satisfactory char-acteristics. This +HV operation also requires a circuit properly connected to a capacitor able to obtain signals from the anode. The figures below show typical external circuit connections for +HV and -HV operation.
The electrons multiplied in the PMT flow through the closed loop circuit shown by arrows. This flow generates a signal volt-age across the load resistance in the measuring device.
In +HV operation, if the PMT is used in combination with a NaI scintillator, the capacitance should preferably be 1000 pF or more. To configure a signal current loop with the shortest possi-ble distance, a bypass capacitor (Cb) with the same capaci-tance as Cc should be connected across the +HV power supply and GND, along with an input resistance Rin (about 10 kΩ) for lowering the inrush current that flows when the power is turned on.The coupling capacitor Cc is not required in -HV operation. The circuit operates without using a bypass capacitor Cb or input re-sistor Rin, but in some cases adding a Cb and Rin is advisable to suppress unwanted noise such as power supply ripples from propagating to the PMT.
As seen from these output waveforms, the amplitude of the transmitted signal drops to a small value when the Cc is inade-quate, and the response time is affected (fall time becomes lon-ger) when the Cb that shortens the signal current loop is not connected.
Typical external component connection in +HV operation
TPMHC0238EA
Figure 8: Typical external component connection
P Cc
R load
R in
Cb
+HV
GNDSIGNAL CURRENT
+HVPOWERSUPPLY
Dy nDy n-1
R
(TO CATHODE)
ANODE
VOLTAGEDIVIDER
CATHODE
SIGNALVOLTAGE
Cc 1000 pF, Cb 1000 pF, R in 10 kΩ, R load = 10 kΩ to 2 MΩ.= .
P
R load
Cb
GND
SIGNAL CURRENT
+HVPOWERSUPPLY
Dy nDy n-1
R in
(TO CATHODE)
ANODE
VOLTAGEDIVIDER
CATHODE
SIGNALVOLTAGE
-HV
Typical external component connection in -HV operation
33
TPMHB0831EA
Figure 9: Typical Output Waveforms When Cc is reduced to 220 pF, the signal peak decreases by approximately 10 %.
If the Cc value is inadequate and Cb is not connected, then these two factors affect the output waveform.
Even though the Cc value is adequate, the waveform height drops and the fall time tail extends unless a bypass capacitor Cb is connected.
Cc=1000 pFCb=1000 pF20 mV/div.200 nsec/div.
Cc=220 pFCb=1000 pF20 mV/div.200 nsec/div.
Cc=1000 pFCb=NONE20 mV/div.200 nsec/div.
Cc=220 pFCb=NONE20 mV/div.200 nsec/div.
34
Figure 10: Relative capacitance of C0G and X7R capacitors with temperature or voltage charges
If using Cc and Cb that are ceramic capacitors, their tempera-ture characteristics and DC bias must be taken into account. Capacitors with C0G temperature characteristics are very stable over wide variations in temperature, but the size is a little bit large. Capacitors with X7R temperature characteristics are rela-tively small yet provide large capacitance. Note that their capac-itance usually drops as the temperature rises and the voltage increases.The graph below shows how capacitors with C0G and X7R tem-perature characteristics vary with changes in temperature and voltage. In X7R capacitors with a rated voltage of 2 kV, the capacitance during operation at 150 °C and 1500 V drops below 70 % of that at room temperature.Their capacitance eventually drops to less than one-half that at room temperature.In +HV operation in particular where using a coupling capacitor, the signal state may vary compared to that at room temperature depending on the selected components and operating condi-tions. Figures 10 shows examples of these state changes that were measured with different coupling capacitor Cc (in the above figure) values, and with or without a bypass capacitor Cb.
050
TEMPERATURE (°C)BIAS VOLTAGE
RE
LAT
IVE
CA
PA
CIT
AN
CE
(%
)
200 2000
1751501251250
(°C)(V)
50
100
X7R VOLTAGE COEFFICIENT
X7R TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
C0G TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
C0G VOLTAGE COEFFICIENT
TPMHB0830EA
35
Memo
TPMH0004E02JUL. 2011 IP(1000)
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REVISED JUL. 2011