For more information about the F6482 Series, or to download

product collateral and software, please visit www.zilog.com.

Visit the Zilog website for additional parts included in this Series.

Design With Freedom

The F6482 Series Development Kitis a complete development solution

containing the following tools:

Introducing Zilog’s Z8 Encore! XPF6482 Series of Flash Microcontrollers!

Based on Zilog’s advanced 8-bit eZ8 CPU core, these MCUs support1.8 V to 3.6 V low-voltage operation with extremely low Active, Halt, and Stop Mode currents

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ENGINEERS GUIDE TO SENSORS & MEMS • May 20163 • eecatalog.com/sensors

IN THIS ISSUE

CONTENTS

IN THIS ISSUE

FeaturesRoad Sense Becomes Connected Sensor TechnologyBy Caroline Hayes, Embedded Systems Engineering 4

Embedded Systems Engineering is published by Extension Media LLC, 1786 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107. Copyright © 2016 by Extension Media LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.

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May 20164 eecatalog.com/sensors

engineers guide to Sensors and MEMS

Road Sense Becomes Connected Sensor TechnologySensors in vehicles are increasing in number and importance, reports Caroline Hayes. Without them, the era of autonomous driving would have stalled.

Trials of autonomous vehicles continue to roll out,

heralding the era of the driverless car. In North

America, four states have taken advantage of Govern-

ment legislation that allows testing of automated

vehicles. In Europe, Volvo, the Swedish Transport

Administration, the Swedish Transport Agency, Lind-

holmen Science Park and the City of Gothenburg have

come together in the ‘‘Drive Me” project putting 100

self-driving cars, performing everyday commutes using

Autopilot technology, on the streets of Gothenburg by

2017. The test cars have so far been able to follow lanes

and adapt to speeds and merging traffic, with the next

stage being the cars driving the whole route in autono-

mous mode. Other countries are watching the growing

interest in autonomous driving. Earlier this month, in

Germany, arguably the heart of Europe’s automotive

manufacturing, Chancellor Angela Merkel invited car-

makers to draw up a wish list—and timetable—so that

a legal basis for self-driving testing could be proposed.

Vehicles today have between 60 and 100 sensors. These are used

in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to warn a driver of

hazards or obstacles on the road while driving, for example, if lane

shifting is detected, as well as when parking. Sensors can detect when

a vehicle is too close to the one in front with collision warning sensors,

if vehicles are behind you when reversing (Rear Cross Traffic Alert,

or RTCA), alert the driver to blind spots, and when coupled with a

360 degree viewing monitor, can detect moving objects within the

vehicle’s perimeter.

ADAS can also be connected to the Cloud and other telematics services

to advise of weather or traffic alerts, via a Human Machine Interface

(HMI) on the driver dashboard.

As more data is collected, the number of sensors is increasing and is

projected to reach 200 per vehicle, or approximately 22 billion sensors

by 2020.

REAL-TIME RESPONSEAutonomous vehicles rely on larger volumes of data than ADAS. It is

critical in a self-driving car that it responds to changes in environ-

ment or conditions in real-time. This requires large amounts of data,

from inside and outside of the vehicle, to be processed and analyzed in

real-time. Once analyzed, it must be displayed in real-time.

In addition to cameras relaying image data, other safety features rely

on sensors. For example, Volvo and the Gothenburg Chalmers Uni-

versity of Technology have been researching driver behavior (Figure

2). Sensors on the dashboard monitor where the driver is looking,

head position and angle, as well as how open the eyes are to detect

the driver’s state of awareness and attention. If the driver allows the

vehicle to get too close to the car in front, or move out of its lane, an

audible alert is activated.

Nissan is also using sensors to monitor driver alertness. Earlier this

year, it introduced the 2016 Maxima sedan, which it calls a four-door

sports car, at the New York International Auto Show. The four-wheel

drive vehicle is equipped with a 3.5-liter V6 engine and Driver Atten-Figure 1: The city of Gothenburg, Sweden is in the throes of the Drive Me project of autonomous vehicles driving commuter routes.

By Caroline Hayes, Senior Editor, Embedded Systems Engineering

May 20165 eecatalog.com/sensors

engineers guide to Sensors and MEMS

tion Alert (DAA) technology to detect drowsiness or

inattention. It uses steering angle sensors to monitor

driver steering patterns. When a baseline is estab-

lished, it continuously monitors subsequent driving

patterns. It uses logic to account for curves in the road,

lane changing, braking and weather conditions, but any

deviation from the baseline triggers an audible chime,

a coffee cup icon and message “Take a break?” on the

information display (Figure 3).

This amount of data processing and display takes its toll.

To access and process data from many sources, automo-

tive manufacturers are looking for compute-intensive,

yet compact, lightweight semiconductors to be designed

into the automotive embedded system.

The consensus is that multicore

architectures are the most silicon-

efficient solution. Renesas has

announced its third generation

of SoCs for automotive com-

puting, the R-Car H3. It is built

around an ARM® Cortex®-A57

or Cortex-A53 core, with 64-bit

CPU core architecture. To meet

the processing power required in

today’s vehicles, it achieves a pro-

cessing performance of 40,000

Dhrystone Million Instructions

Per Second (DMIPS) and also has

Imagination Technologies’ Pow-

erVR GX6650 3D graphics engine

to display the information.

RADAR MONITORINGThe R-Car H3 processes the data from sensors around the vehicle in

real-time and allows multiple applications such as detection, predic-

tion and avoidance to run. It conforms to the ISO 26262 (SAIL-B)

functional safety standard for automotive use. The SoC is supported

by Green Hills Software’s INTEGRITY Real Time Operating System

(RTOS)and INTEGRITY Multivisor Virtualization platform. The

64-bit secure virtualization platform was released last year, and was

developed, says the company, with the specific capabilities of the

R-Car H3 in mind. The platform meets ISO 26262 functional safety

requirements and can also be adapted to applications such as recon-

figurable digital instrument cluster or to provide compute and sensor

capabilities for ADAS. The AUTOSAR-compliant application frame-

work means that existing software components

can be seamlessly integrated and reused.

Another semiconductor company, Infineon,

relies on the multicore AURIX microcontroller.

It is based on up to three 32-bit TriCore™ Central

Processing Units (CPUs). The microcontroller

can be used to control body, safety, ADAS and

Powertrain applications.

In Munich last month, it presented a 24GHz radar-

based assistance system for trucks based on the

microcontroller, customised for radar applications.

Radar systems monitor blind spots in large

trucks and construction vehicles. They allow

several trucks to drive in columns with short

stopping distances, even at night, during rain, fog or snow.

The 24GHz radar system uses a 24GHz radar chip, the BGT24ATR12

and the AURIX TC264DA microcontroller, which has been customized

for radar systems. The radar chips receive high-frequency signals and

transmit them to the microcontroller in the radar electronic control

unit. The processed data is captured around the vehicle by the radar

chip and transmitted to the driving assistance system.

Figure 2: Volvo, with the Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology uses sensors to develop in-vehicle driver safety systems. (Courtesy Volvo)

Figure 3: Nissan’s sensor-based Driver Attention Alert (DAA) technology advises a break if it senses the driver is drowsy. (Courtesy Nissan).

May 20167 eecatalog.com/sensors

engineers guide to Sensors and MEMS

Figure 4: Renesas has announced the third generation of its automotive computing platform, the R-Car H3. (Courtesy Renesas).

Weight and space are valuable commodities in vehicle design.

According to Infineon, AURIX in a radar system can eliminate the

need for Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), memory chips and Analog

to Digital Converters (ADCs).

The company’s AURIX TC297T microcontrollers were specified by

TTTech for Audi’s zFAS central control unit, which integrates ADAS

functionalities. The control unit is based on TTTech’s Deterministic

Ethernet to combine traffic data with TTIntegration middleware to

run the application on top of networked microcontrollers for piloted

driving on congested roads and piloted parking.

Deterministic Ethernet and the AURIX TC297T have

also been used to develop an evaluation platform driver

assistance system Engine Control Units (ECUs) – TTA

Drive. Different application modules can be integrated

at the development stage, using TTIntegration software.

Caroline Hayes has been a journalist, covering the elec-tronics sector for over 20 years. She has edited UK and pan-European titles, covering design and technology for established and emerging applications.

For more information about the F6482 Series, or to download

product collateral and software, please visit www.zilog.com.

Visit the Zilog website for additional parts included in this Series.

Design With Freedom

The F6482 Series Development Kitis a complete development solution

containing the following tools:

Introducing Zilog’s Z8 Encore! XPF6482 Series of Flash Microcontrollers!

Based on Zilog’s advanced 8-bit eZ8 CPU core, these MCUs support1.8 V to 3.6 V low-voltage operation with extremely low Active, Halt, and Stop Mode currents

APPLICATIONS:FEATURES:

2

range

Z8F64820100ZCOG

NVDSFlash

Z8F6482 2

2 8

2

2

2

2

26 9

2

®

ZMOTION Intrusion Detection Components

ZMOTION Development Kits