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Introducing Quotations Introduce every quotation smoothly and grammatically into a statement of your own. • Do not leave the quotation hanging with no introduction, and do not violate the rules of grammar to include the quotation.

Introducing Quotations

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Introducing Quotations. Introduce every quotation smoothly and grammatically into a statement of your own. Do not leave the quotation hanging with no introduction, and do not violate the rules of grammar to include the quotation. Is this correct? Why or why not? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Introducing Quotations

Introducing Quotations • Introduce every quotation smoothly and

grammatically into a statement of your own.

• Do not leave the quotation hanging with no introduction, and do not violate the rules of grammar to include the quotation.

Page 2: Introducing Quotations

• Is this correct? Why or why not?

• Macbeth has changed. "Out, out, brief candle!" (5.5.23).

NO transition phrase; insufficient introduction; Isolated Quote (IQ)

Page 3: Introducing Quotations

• Is this correct? Why or why not?• For example, Macbeth, a changed man after the

death of his powerful wife, wearily exclaims, "Out, out, brief candle!" (5.5.23).

•Yes, it’s correct.

Page 4: Introducing Quotations

• Is this correct? Why or why not?

• Macbeth has changed "Out, out, brief candle!" (5.5.23).

•No, it’s not grammatically correct… Fragment

Page 5: Introducing Quotations

• For example, upon hearing that his wife has died, Macbeth can only cry, "Out, out, brief candle!" (5.5.23). This shows that life now seems to him no more than a flame that quickly vanishes.

•For example, Macbeth now sees life as a mere "tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / Signifying nothing" (5.5.26-28).

This shows that …

Page 6: Introducing Quotations

Student sample:

In response to the witches’ first statements regarding Macbeth becoming king and Banquo fathering kings, Macbeth wants to “think upon what hath chanced, and at more time, the interim having weighed it , let us speak out free hearts each to other,” thus leaving this prediction to chance (1.3.153-155).

What’s wrong?

No line breaks

Page 7: Introducing Quotations

Student sample:

When Macbeth is too afraid to follow through with the murder plot orchestrated by Lady Macbeth, she responds by taunting, “Wouldst thou have that / Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, / and Live a coward in thine own esteem?” (1.7.41-43).

NOTE: Do not overuse the word “says.” Vary your language.

Page 8: Introducing Quotations

What other words can you use besides “says.”

Demands

Replies

Exclaims

Muses

Entreats

Suggests

Page 9: Introducing Quotations

Student Sample:When Macbeth finds that Macduff has fled to England and

because that poses a threat to Macbeth, he promises to “seize upon Fife, give to the edge o’ the sword / His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls / That trace him in his line” (4.1.151-153). Macbeth’s quick temper, and consuming paranoia finally entrap him and diminish his conscience that had once been so strong. His desire for power causes him to do whatever he feels is necessary to keep his position.

Page 10: Introducing Quotations

Shakespeare’s Conception of Moral Order in Macbeth

Macbeth’s “Tomorrow and tomorrow” soliloquy must cause him to recognize how he has undone himself and the world, how he has unmade his life, reducing it to no more than

a walking shadow, a poor player

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage

And then is heard no more … a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing. (5.5.24-28)

Page 11: Introducing Quotations

What finally raises Macbeth to the level of a tragic figure is his recognition not so much of what he has done, but of what he has undone: honor, love, obedience.

Page 12: Introducing Quotations

When Macbeth expresses reluctance to proceed with the murder, Lady Macbeth’s response is:

From this time

Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard

To be the same in thine own act and valor

As thou art in desire? (I.7.38-41)

Page 13: Introducing Quotations

Lady Macbeth proceeds through the use of language that is implicitly sexual to taunt her husband into committing the murder, for her goal is Macbeth’s arousal to a state in which he will “bend up / Each corporal agent to this terrible fear” (1.7.80).

Page 14: Introducing Quotations

The Subversive Metaphysics of Macbeth

The first report of the battle is balanced, as the sergeant compares the two armies to “two spent swimmers, that to cling together / And choke their art” (1.2.8-9).

Page 15: Introducing Quotations

Blended Quotations• It is conventional to write about literature in

the present tense, so you have to be careful about weaving quotations into your own text.

• Always write a lead-in or introduction to your quotations.

• In a literary analysis, the lead-in often highlights the significance of the quote you are using to support your interpretation.

Page 16: Introducing Quotations

• Don't confuse the author with the narrator of a story or a character in the story. If you are quoting the words of a character, you should name the character who is speaking and provide a context for the spoken words.

• Don't just dump a quote into your paper without some kind of lead-in.

Page 17: Introducing Quotations

• Blended quotations (grammatically incorporated in your sentence)

Example 1: (from Homer’s Odyssey)

For example, when Odysseus first

encounters Nausikaa, the narrator shows

how thoughtful the hero is while "debating

inwardly what he should do" (151).

[Notice that you close your sentence with a period after the parenthetical citation of book and line number. If there is a period, semi-colon, or colon at the end of the quoted material, you must leave it out.]

Page 18: Introducing Quotations

• Example 2 • For example, when Odysseus wishes

Nausikaa a happy marriage, he offers a glimpse of his ideal of marriage, which includes "a home, a husband, and harmonious / converse with him" (193-94). In addition, we know that this represents his ideal because he describes "a strong house held in serenity / where man and wife agree" (194-95).

[Notice the use of the front slash / to separate two lines of verse in an embedded quotation.]

Page 19: Introducing Quotations

• Note that the particular verb you choose helps orient your reader toward your opinion of the statement.

"Jones says" is

"Jones informs us" is

"Jones alleges" is somewhat

neutral

positive

negative

Are the following statements positive, negative, or neutral

Page 20: Introducing Quotations

Other verbs to choose from include:

• says • argues• writes • explains• observes • asserts• notes • thinks• remarks • comments• adds • states• declares • claims• informs us • alleges• affirms

Page 21: Introducing Quotations

BracketsUse brackets to set off changes within a

quotation. You may need to clarify the reference of a pronoun or add a word to fit a quotation into your sentence:For example, Polonius suspiciously warns his daughter, "Do not believe his [Hamlet's] vows" (1.3.127).

For Robert Frost, the "Two roads [that] diverged in a yellow wood" are symbolic.

Page 22: Introducing Quotations

Use an ellipsis { ... } to indicate deleted sections

Dickinson says the funeral service was “like

a Drum / ... / My mind was going numb” (6-8).

Do not use the ellipsis at the beginning or end of the quotation.

A Service, like a Drum –

Kept beating – beating – till I thought

Example

“… like a Drum / Kept beating – beating …” NO

Page 23: Introducing Quotations

Student SamplesOriginal: Auden’s poem shows an example of how people were in despair during Hilter’s power “Faces along the bar/Cling to their average day/The lights must never go out/The music must always play” (45-48).

Revised: For example, Auden’s poem shows how people living under Hitler’s reign dealt with despair, sitting with “Faces along the bar / Cling[ing] to their average day” and professing that “The lights must never go out/The music must always play” (45-48).