Introduce Re in Arc Gis 3-0

8/3/2019 Introduce Re in Arc Gis 3-0

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Introduction to ArcGISReading: What is ArcGIS?,

ESRI Press, 2001, pp. 1-25

Acknowledgement: Dr Francisco Olivera developed some of the

slides in this presentation


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ESRI GIS Development

Arc/Info (coverage model)

Versions 1-7 from 19801999

Arc Macro Language (AML)

ArcView (shapefile model)

Versions 1-3 from 19941999

Avenue scripting language

ArcGIS (geodatabase model)

Version 8.0, 8.1 from 2000

Visual Basic for Applications

100,000 licenses

1,000,000 users as of 2001


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Data Models

A geographicdata

model is a structurefor organizing

geospatial data so that

it can be easily stored

and retrieved.

Geographic coordinates

Tabular attributes


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File-based Data Models

Coverages

Developed forworkstation Arc/Info~ 1980

Complex structure,proprietary format

Attributes in Infotables

Shapefiles

Developed for

ArcView ~ 1993

Simpler structure inpublic domain

Attributes in dBase

(.dbf) tables

Geographic coordinates and attributes

are stored in separate but linked files

Arc

Info


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Storing Data

Coverages Shapefiles

Texas

Counties

Evap

Info

Texas

Counties.shp

Counties.shx

Counties.dbf

Evap.shp

Evap.shx

Evap.dbf


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Storing Data

Feature datasets Stored as Arc/Info coverages or ArcView shapefiles. Coverages are stored partially in their own folder and

partially in the common INFO folder. Shapefiles arestored in three to five files (with extensions .shp, .shx,.dbf, .sbx and .sbn).

ArcView recognizes coverages. Arc/Info does notrecognize shapefiles.

Coverages store common boundaries between polygonsonly once, to avoid redundancy. Shapefiles store all thegeometry of each polygon regardless redundancy.

Coverage features are single lines or single polygons.Shapefiles allow features to have multiple, disconnected,intersecting and overlapping components.


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Geodatabase model

Stores geographic coordinates as one

attribute in a relational database table

Uses MS Accessfor PersonalGeodatabase (single user)

Uses Oracle, Sybase, Ingress or other

commercial relational databases for

Enterprise Geodatabases (manysimultaneous users)


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GIS in an Institutional Setting


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ArcGIS Geodatabase

Geodatabase

Feature Dataset

Feature Class

Geometric

Network

Object ClassRelationship

Workspace


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Feature Class

A feature classis a collection ofgeographic

objects intabular formatthat have thesame behavior

and the sameattributes.


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Object Class

An object class is a collection of

objects in tabular formatthat

have the same behavior and the

same attributes.


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Relationship

A relationship is an association or linkbetween two objects in a database.

A relationship can exist between spatialobjects (features in feature classes), non-spatial objects (objects in object classes),or between spatial and non-spatialobjects.


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Relationship

Relationship between non-spatial objects

Water

Quality

Data

Water

Quality

Parameters


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RelationshipRelationship between spatial and non-spatial objects

Water quality data

(non-spatial)

Measurement station

(spatial)


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RelationshipRelationship between spatial objects

Rivers that lie withinCalifornia

Two spatial objects:

rivers and California


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Geodatabase and Feature

Dataset A geodatabase is a relational databasethat

storesgeographic information.

A feature dataset is a collection of featureclasses that share the same spatial

reference frame.


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Geodatabase and Feature

Dataset Whygeodatabases?

To establish and store relationships based ontabular information.

Whyfeature datasets?

To establish and store relationships based on

geographic information.


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Network

A network is a set of edges

(lines) and junctions (points)

that are topologically

connected to each other.

Each edge knows which

junctions are at its endpoints

Eachjunction knows which

edges it connects to


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Arc Map

Create maps

View

and

edit

data Analyze data

(Geoprocessing)


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Arc Catalog

View data

(like Windows Explorer)

Graphical

previews

Metadata

Tables


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Arc Toolbox

Map Projections


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Our focus


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Levels of ArcGIS

ArcViewView data and do edits on shape

files and simple personal geodatabases

ArcEditordo more complex edits onenterprise geodatabases

ArcInfothe full system, with access to

workstation ArcInfo (i.e. ArcInfo version 7)as well


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Licenses and Keycodes

License manager keeps track of number of simultaneous

users and limits them to allowable number


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ArcGIS Extensions


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Spatial Analyst

Analysis of land

surface terrain as

a grid Key means of

defining

drainage areas

and connectivityto stream

network

Drainage network for Montgomery, AL


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Grid Datasets

Cellular-based data structure composed of squarecells of equal sizearranged in rows and columns.

The grid cell size and extension (number of rowsand columns), as well as the value at each cell have

to be stored as part of the grid definition.

Number of columns

Numberofcolumns

Cell size


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Grid Datasets

Grid datasets


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Geostatistical Analyst

Interpolationof points to agrid using

statisticalcorrelation

Produces astandard errorof estimate ofeach maplocation

AlaskaSiberia

Biomass in the Arctic Ocean


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Image Datasets

Image datasets


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Image Datasets Supported image formats:

ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (ADRG) Windows bitmap images (BMP) [.bmp] Multiband (BSQ, BIL and BIP) and single band images

[.bsq, .bil and .bip] ERDAS [.lan and .gis]

ESRI Grid datasets IMAGINE [.img] IMPELL Bitmaps [.rlc] Image catalogs JPEG [.jpg] MrSID [.sid] National Image Transfer Format (NITF) Sun rasterfiles [.rs, .ras and .sun] Tag Image File Format (TIFF) [.tiff, .tif and .tff] TIFF/LZW


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3-D Analyst

Analysis of

land surface

terrain astriangulated

irregular

network (TIN)

Visualization in3-D using Arc

SceneStream channel of Pecan Bayou, TX


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TIN Datasets

TIN datasets

Points and breaklinesfrom which a TIN is

constructed.

Documents

Introduce Re in Arc Gis 3-0