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Introduce Organic Introduce Organic Molecules with a FoldableMolecules with a Foldable
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, ProteinAcid, Protein
On top of foldable: picture On top of foldable: picture and main purposeand main purpose
Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules Contain the element carbon, (C)Contain the element carbon, (C) Comes from something livingComes from something living These are LifeThese are Life’’s Substancess Substances Grouped into four categories Grouped into four categories
LipidsLipids CarbohydratesCarbohydrates ProteinsProteins Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid
STOP ReadSTOP Read
Lipid or fatsLipid or fats Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Is Is non-polarnon-polar, therefore does not like water and will , therefore does not like water and will
not work with it or stick to itnot work with it or stick to it Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Examples: oil, butter, fat on meatExamples: oil, butter, fat on meat Can look like:Can look like:
Straight or saturated Straight or saturated
with single bondswith single bonds Kinked or unsaturated Kinked or unsaturated
with double bondswith double bonds
STOP READSTOP READ
Remember: What is polar?
http://pirate.shu.edu/~rawncarr/molmodel/fattyacids.jpg
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O)oxygen (O) Examples: sugar, pasta, celluloseExamples: sugar, pasta, cellulose Can Be:Can Be:
Small = Small = monomonosaccharidesaccharide
space for picturespace for picture Medium = Medium = didisaccharidesaccharide
Large = Large = polypolysaccharidesaccharide
STOP READ (see pic next slide)STOP READ (see pic next slide)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/rpendarvis/1feb23.gif&imgrefurl=http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/rpendarvis/monosacch.html&usg=__X3piIO7hUDNrdgqDlSiCyPvf82g=&h=294&w=432&sz=5&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=0O32dq_0C2KDDM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonosaccharides%2Band%2Bdisaccharides%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/dna_molecule.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/dna_molecule.html&h=450&w=450&sz=27&hl=en&start=17&usg=__eKhwjIJm_qWdLoVFUIfNFKQGL40=&tbnid=EBfCt5Mm3s-eSM:&altq=dna+molecule,&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.csb.yale.edu/userguides/graphics/ribbons/help/dna_rgb.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.csb.yale.edu/userguides/graphics/ribbons/help/dna_rgb.html&h=488&w=610&sz=36&hl=en&start=2&usg=__bkJqkkgB5a3PeJJ7Hu8dqK4Kl0s=&tbnid=MQIFLXuLMYJ_JM:&altq=dna+model,&tbnh=109&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://addiandcassi.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/dna-image.jpg&imgrefurl=http://addiandcassi.com/blog&h=386&w=298&sz=31&hl=en&start=1&usg=__sK8xq0lQR939OZ2nDdTMm5vUkvQ=&tbnid=5_Qb8X_R1ptUTM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_03_img0318.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/Mo-Nu/Nucleotides.html&h=291&w=338&sz=9&hl=en&start=11&usg=__1bfMeQzWiwm3RTnTCU15z1pR6gs=&tbnid=06pvo9uB46iFIM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnucleotide%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid Function: store cellFunction: store cell’’s information in the s information in the
form of a codeform of a code Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P
(phosphorus)(phosphorus) Examples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATPExamples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATP Made of: nucleotidesMade of: nucleotides
Nucleotides made of: sugar, P & NNucleotides made of: sugar, P & N
STOP readSTOP read
Nash Lab: DNA extraction from Kiwi
Draw on board
ProteinsProteins Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): assist all chemical reactions of the assist all chemical reactions of the
body body Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N)nitrogen (N) Made of: Amino Acids (AA)Made of: Amino Acids (AA) Examples: meat, egg white, enzymeExamples: meat, egg white, enzyme
Enzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reactionEnzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reaction Can look like:Can look like:
A string of pearlsA string of pearls A globA glob
Gammer solves AIDS protein questionsGammer solves AIDS protein questions
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/a/ab/250px-Protein-structure.png&imgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/protein-structure&h=341&w=250&sz=53&hl=en&start=2&um=1&usg=__Q5h1CxuojDDar9PrAra762gpAxA=&tbnid=mxysf8N8fweKGM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprimary%2Band%2Btertiary%2Bprotein%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den
Primary, 1o = string of pearls
Secondary, 20 = like an accordian
Tertiary, 30 = folded on itself, held by hydrogen bonds
Quaterinary, 40 = folded with other proteins, held by H-bonds
Enzyme (a type of protein)Enzyme (a type of protein) -molecules (usually proteins) that speed--molecules (usually proteins) that speed-
up chemical reactionsup chemical reactions -act as -act as catalystscatalysts which reduce the which reduce the
activation energy required for a activation energy required for a reaction (and speed up the reaction)reaction (and speed up the reaction)
Carbonic anhydrase, COS + water H2CO3 200/hr, with anhydrase 600T/sec. c enzyme 10MX faster
Enzymes cont.Enzymes cont.
Enzymes are specific, they only Enzymes are specific, they only work on a SPECIFIC substratework on a SPECIFIC substrate
Work like a LOCK & KEY modelWork like a LOCK & KEY model
ENZYME
A B
BA
ENZYME
BA
ENZYME
A & B are substrates
Active site
Enzymescan be reused
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
New product
What determined whether or not the What determined whether or not the this enzyme will this enzyme will ““workwork”” for this for this substrate?substrate?
SHAPESHAPE
STOP READSTOP READ
ENZYME
A B
V. Enzymes cont.V. Enzymes cont.
What affects enzymes?What affects enzymes?
In lab tomorrow will test temperature In lab tomorrow will test temperature and pHand pH
We need to be sure to come back to We need to be sure to come back to this slide to fill it in.this slide to fill it in.
Energy and Chemical ReactionsEnergy and Chemical Reactions
IV. IV. Activation Energy – the Activation Energy – the ““sparkspark”” (amount of (amount of E) needed to start a chemical reactionE) needed to start a chemical reaction
Energy Releasing Rxn Energy-Absorbing Reaction
E releasedE absorbed
STOP WRITING
Organic QuizOrganic Quiz
1. What are the four groups of organic 1. What are the four groups of organic molecules?molecules?
2.2. What is the function of both What is the function of both carbohydrates and lipids?carbohydrates and lipids?
3.3. What elements are in carbohydrates What elements are in carbohydrates and lipids?and lipids?
4.4. Give an example of a lipid.Give an example of a lipid.5.5. Give an example of a carbohydrate.Give an example of a carbohydrate.6.6. What is the What is the ““bigbig”” name for a name for a
carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?