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Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Alvaro Limber Chirino GutierrezFundacion ARU
2 de agosto de 2011
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Introduccion
Porque usar R?
1 Es gratuito GNU GPL General Public Licence
2 Es ejecutable en una variedad de plataformas incluyendoWindows, Unix y MacOS
3 Un lenguaje orientado a objetos.
4 Muy parecido a Matlab y Octave, y con sintaxis que recuerdaa C/C++.
R se obtiene en:
http://cran.r-project.org
Tinn-R un editor externoScript un editor propio de R
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Introduccion
Comandos Iniciales
>setwd()
>?setwd()
>getwd(‘‘Z:/...’’) # Es para abrir un comentario
>dir()
>x<-c(1,2,3,4)
>ls()
>rm(x)
>rm(list=ls())
>help(‘‘for’’)
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Introduccion
Lectura de datos
Se pueden leer los formatos, .dta, .sav, .txt, .csv, .xls, etc.
Ejemplo
>x1<-rnorm(10)
>x2<-rnorm(10,2,3) #Tambien rnorm(100, mean=2,sd=3)
>x3<-scan() #lectura desde el teclado
>x4<-read.delim(‘‘clipboard’’)
>z<-cbind(x1,x2,x3,x4)
>z1<-matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6),3,2)
>library(foreign)
>?read.dta
>apropos(‘‘read’’)
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Funciones
Comandos Basicos
x<-rnorm(100)
summary(x)
mean(x)
sd(x)
cor(x)
cov(x)
median(x)
quantile(x,0.99)
quantile(x,c(0.01,0.1,0.5))
y<-rbinom(100,1,0.7)
mean(y)
sd(y)
.
.
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Funciones
Familia apply
Estas funciones sirven para resumir y empaquetar informacion
apply()
tapply()
lapply()
aggregate()
by()
table()
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Librerias
Cargar librerıas
R se alimenta de librerias externas para mejorar e implementarnuevos procesosExisten dos formas para cargar una libreria.
1 Si la libreria no se encuentra almacenada en R, se la debeinstalar y cargar.
2 Si la libreria se encuentra almacenada, se la debe cargar
Ejemplo
?faces
library()
library(TeachingDemos)
update.packages()
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Graficos
Graficos Univariados
Histogram of rnorm(100, 2, 3)
rnorm(100, 2, 3)
Freque
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hist(rnorm(100,2,3)) boxplot(rnorm(100,2,3))
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Graficos
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z<-data.frame(matrix(rnorm(1000),100,10))
matplot(z)
z[2,4]<-100
matplot(z)
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Graficos
Mas Graficos
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+,na.rm=T),main="Lapob media de edad")
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Graficos
Mas Graficos
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Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Programacion
Definicion de funciones
Con la creacion de funciones, pueden automatizarse procesos.
if(cond) expr
if(cond) cons.expr else alt.expr
for(var in seq) expr
while(cond) expr
Ejemplo
aru<-function(x){
x<-data.frame(x)
for(i in 1:dim(x)[2]){
print(quantile(x[,i]))}
print(summary(x))
}
Introduccion al manejo de R-CRANThe Comprehensive R Archive Network
Programacion
Otro ejemplo
norm<-function(x)
{
y<-(1/sqrt(2*pi))*(exp(-(x^2)/2))
return(y)
}
plot(norm,xlim=c(-5,5),ylim=c(0,0.5))
−4 −2 0 2 4
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x
norm (x)
