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Introduction to Wireless Sensor NetworksDisclaimer: Information
included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried
our best to cite the sources. Please refer to the Table of
References slide (#2) to learn about the sources, when
applicable.The slides should be used only for academic purposes
(e.g., in teaching a class), and should not be used for commercial
purposes. *Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks*Table of References
SlidesSource6www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt19-23http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-future.ppt7-13http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt17-18,29-33http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html15-16www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt24http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm32-33http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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AgendaIntroductionDifferences with ad hoc
networksApplicationsCharacteristicsChallengesFutureMotesHardware
Setup Overview*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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IntroductionWireless Sensor Networks are networks that consists
of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner.These sensors
work with each other to sense some physical phenomenon and then the
information gathered is processed to get relevant results.Wireless
sensor networks consists of protocols and algorithms with
self-organizing capabilities.*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Example of WSN
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
NetworksRef:http://esd.sci.univr.it/images/wsn-example.png
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Comparison with ad hoc networks
Wireless sensor networks mainly use broadcast communication
while ad hoc networks use point-to-point communication.Unlike ad
hoc networks wireless sensor networks are limited by sensors
limited power, energy and computational capability.Sensor nodes may
not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and
large number of sensors.*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Applications of Wireless Sensor networksThe applications can be
divided in three categories:Monitoring of objects.Monitoring of an
area.Monitoring of both area and objects.
* Classification due to Culler, Estrin, Srivastava*Introduction
to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Monitoring AreaEnvironmental and Habitat MonitoringPrecision
AgricultureIndoor Climate ControlMilitary SurveillanceTreaty
VerificationIntelligent Alarms*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Example: Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture aims at making cultural operations more
efficient, while reducing environmental impact.The information
collected from sensors is used to evaluate optimum sowing density,
estimate fertilizers and other inputs needs, and to more accurately
predict crop yields. *Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Monitoring ObjectsStructural
MonitoringEco-physiologyCondition-based MaintenanceMedical
DiagnosticsUrban terrain mapping
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Example: Condition-based MaintenanceIntel fabrication
plantsSensors collect vibration data, monitor wear and tear; report
data in real-timeReduces need for a team of engineers; cutting
costs by several orders of magnitude*Introduction to Wireless
Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Monitoring Interactions between Objects and SpaceWildlife
HabitatsDisaster ManagementEmergency ResponseUbiquitous
ComputingAsset TrackingHealth CareManufacturing Process
Flows*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Example: Habitat MonitoringThe ZebraNet ProjectCollar-mounted
sensors monitor zebra movement in KenyaSource: Margaret Martonosi,
Princeton University*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Characteristics of Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor
Networks mainly consists of sensors. Sensors are -low powerlimited
memoryenergy constrained due to their small size.
Wireless networks can also be deployed in extreme environmental
conditions and may be prone to enemy attacks.
Although deployed in an ad hoc manner they need to be self
organized and self healing and can face constant
reconfiguration.
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Design ChallengesHeterogeneityThe devices deployed maybe of
various types and need to collaborate with each other.Distributed
ProcessingThe algorithms need to be centralized as the processing
is carried out on different nodes.Low Bandwidth CommunicationThe
data should be transferred efficiently between sensors
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Continued..Large Scale CoordinationThe sensors need to
coordinate with each other to produce required results.Utilization
of SensorsThe sensors should be utilized in a ways that produce the
maximum performance and use less energy.Real Time ComputationThe
computation should be done quickly as new data is always being
generated.*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Operational Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy EfficiencyLimited storage and computationLow bandwidth
and high error ratesErrors are commonWireless communicationNoisy
measurementsNode failure are expectedScalability to a large number
of sensor nodesSurvivability in harsh environmentsExperiments are
time- and space-intensive
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Enabling TechnologiesEmbeddedNetworkedSensingControl system
w/Small form factorUntethered nodes
Exploit collaborativeSensing, actionTightly coupled to physical
worldEmbed numerous distributed devices to monitor and interact
with physical worldNetwork devices to coordinate and perform
higher-level tasksExploit spatially and temporally dense, in situ,
sensing and actuation*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Future of WSNSmart Home / Smart OfficeSensors controlling
appliances and electrical devices in the house.Better lighting and
heating in office buildings.The Pentagon building has used sensors
extensively.*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Biomedical / MedicalHealth MonitorsGlucoseHeart rateCancer
detectionChronic DiseasesArtificial retinaCochlear implantsHospital
SensorsMonitor vital signsRecord anomalies*Introduction to Wireless
Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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MilitaryRemote deployment of sensors for tactical monitoring of
enemy troop movements.*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Industrial & CommercialNumerous industrial and commercial
applications:Agricultural Crop ConditionsInventory
TrackingIn-Process Parts TrackingAutomated Problem ReportingRFID
Theft Deterrent and Customer TracingPlant Equipment Maintenance
Monitoring*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Traffic Management & MonitoringFuture cars could use
wireless sensors to:Handle AccidentsHandle TheftsSensors embedded
in the roads to:Monitor traffic flowsProvide real-time route
updates*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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What are motes? Motes mainly consist of three parts:- Mote
basically consists of a low cost and power computer.The computer
monitors one or more sensors. Sensors may be for temperature,
light, sound, position, acceleration, vibration, stress, weight,
pressure, humidity, etc. The computer connects to the outside world
with a radio link. *Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Mica 2 MotesThese motes sold by Crossbow were originally
developed at the University of California Berkeley.
The MICA2 motes are based on the ATmega128L AVR microprocessor.
The motes run using TinyOS as the operating system.
Mica2 mote is one of the most popular and commercially available
sensors which are marketed by CrossBow technologies.MICA 2
MOTERef:http://www.xbow.com/Products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf*Introduction
to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Telosb MotesTelosb motes have USB programming capabilityAn IEEE
802.15.4 compliant, high data rate radio with integrated antenna, a
low-power MCU There are also equipped with extended memory and an
optional sensor suite*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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TELOSB MOTEIntroduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks*Ref:http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~culler/eecs194/labs/lab1/telosb.JPG
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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One Example Sensor Board - MTS310*Introduction to Wireless
Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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One More Example of Sensor Board - MTS400/420Besides the
functions of MTS 300, it mainly adds GPS functionalityFurther
Readinghttp://firebug.sourceforge.net/gps_tests.htm*Introduction to
Wireless Sensor Networks
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Hardware Setup Overview*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Programming Board (MIB520)*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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One Proposed WSN Functional Layer DecompositionRef: Fig. 1.1 of
J. Polastre Dissertation*Introduction to Wireless Sensor
Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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Architecture to Build WSN ApplicationsRef: Fig. 2.1 of J.
Polastre Dissertation
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
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ReferencesEschenauer, L., and V. Gligor, A Key-Management Scheme
for Distributed Sensor Networks, Proceedings of ACM Conference on
Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS), Washington DC, pp.
41-47,
2002http://www.xbow.com/products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdfhttp://www.ece.osu.edu/~bibyk/ee582/telosMote.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Sensor_Networkshttp://arri.uta.edu/acs/networks/WirelessSensorNetChap04.pdfhttp://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/course/cs263/papers/jhill-thesis.pdfhttp://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdfwww.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppthttp://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-future.ppthttp://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppthttp://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.htmlwww.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppthttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm
*Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
*******Ref-http://www.agrisupportonline.com/phy/index.htm******************
