At the crossroads in Rome

the Trevi Fountain was built,

providing fresh water

to a weary world.

Trevi Systems Inc. Proprietary & Confidential

Intro to Trevi Systems John Webley

CEO

Trevi Systems Introduction

• Trevi Systems Inc. is a 3 year old Petaluma, Calif. developer of

Forward Osmosis water purification systems for desalination

of seawater, brackish water as well as produced water,

industrial and municipal waste water.

• Trevi has several patents pending on Forward Osmosis Systems using an ultra low

electrical energy approach.

• We are a team of 25 people, with 8 PhD’s on staff.

• We have just moved into a new 30,000 sq ft R&D facility.

• Funding primarily from friends and family in the North Bay.

What’s the Problem with Reverse Osmosis

Desalination?

Maintenance on large pumps is significant problem.

Water pre-treatment critical for RO systems to avoid membrane fouling.

Energy consumption of large pumps is a significant expense.

- The Cost -

Forward Osmosis Desalination Basic FO Process

PUMP

SALINE

WATER

SEMI-PERMEABLE

MEMBRANE

BRINE

PRODUCT

WATER

CONCENTRATED DRAW

SOLUTION

DILUTE DRAW SOLUTION

WASTE HEAT/

ELECTRICITY

Low Pressure = Low Fouling

Low Electrical = Low OPEX

Low Temperature = Low CAPEX

• Forward Osmosis system energy

efficiency/performance tested at US Navy Port

Hueneme facility.

• Pilot testing started Oct 2012, complete Oct,

2013. Report by Carollo Engineers (ADC

Coalition member), water quality testing by

NSF International.

Trevi Systems Inc. Proprietary & Confidential

PILOT TEST

Naval Facilities Engineering Command

Seawater Desalination Test Facility

Port Hueneme, California

– Deep well injection reserved for very high salinity feeds only.

– Reverse Osmosis unable to desalinate high TDS waters >40,000ppm.

Industrial/Agriculture Systems: Food and Beverage (brewery), boiler water, waste incinerators

Business parks with private water treatment

Municipal waste water treatment systems .

Agriculture – Brackish water desalination – Agriculture

Aquaculture pond s

Semiconductor and other industrial water users.

Oil and Gas:

SEA water Desalination: Islands and “eco-resorts”

Renewable Energy or low GHG desalination.

Expensive RO desalination, electricity >40c/kWh.

Large Thermal power plants

Trevi Systems Proprietary & Confidential

Target Markets

Persian Gulf Status

• Persian Gulf historically a rich fishing ground.

• Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE

& Saudi Arabia border it.

• Takes 8-9 years to replenish the sea north of the

Straits of Hormuz.

• Fresh water inflow from the north minimized by

damming of the Euphrates river. 1.7millian arable

acres will be lost.

• 65% of desalination is in the Gulf, 1483 plants using

1 in every 4 barrels of oil to produce water.

• 24 tons of chlorine, 65 tons of anti-scalants and 300kg of copper are discharged daily.

• Pollution is significant and rising – “Peak Salt” is approaching.

Masdar Abu Dhabi, UAE

Cost of Water / Price of Electricity

100,000 m3

Trevi Systems Inc. Proprietary & Confidential

$0.3

$0.4

$0.5

$0.6

$0.7

$0.8

$0.9

$1.0

$1.1

$1.2

$1.3

$1.4

$0.06 $0.15 $0.24

Pri

ce o

f W

ate

r ($

/m3)

Price of Electricity ($/kWh)

Cost of Water RO vs FO - Cogen

Waste Heat FO 100,000 m3 RO 100,000 m3

RO 3.2kWh/m3

FO 0.5kWh/m3