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Intro to Substance Abuse
Drugs and Addiction
• Each student will:–Discuss the cycle of addiction–Reason why teens are more likely to develop addiction over adults.
What are drugs?
A chemical substance that:• affects the processes of the
mind or body; • may be used in the diagnosis,
treatment, or prevention of disease,
• used recreationally for its effects on the central nervous system.
Why can drugs be bad for your mind and body?
• Drugs used for medical purposes can be beneficial but still can have negative effects
• Drugs alter the chemical state of a person’s mind and body.
• They affect a person’s – Appearance– Physical health– Social life– Financial life
What are gateway drugs?
A gateway drug is a drug that opens the door to other, harder
drug use.
What are examples of gateway drugs?
Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana
• Drugs can be separated into Types and Categories
• Types of Drugs:– Prescription Drugs– Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs– Recreational Drugs • alcohol, tobacco, caffeine
– Illicit Drugs • Illegal• Most are psychoactive – changes brain
chemistry
Types of Drugs
• Stimulants • Depressants • Opiates • Hallucinogens • Designer Drugs • Inhalants• Steroids
Categories of Drugs
Your Lifeline…
Examine the meaningful events that will happen to you in your lifetime.
1. Along the lifeline place all the significant events that have ALREADY occurred at the appropriate age.
2. Also place the events that will occur during your lifetime. (Dreams, Goals, Plans). Place these events along the line at the age you estimate they will occur.
The Story of Matt Bush
Teen Addiction
Lifeline Reflection
Gateway drug use often lead to harder drug use.
If you became an addict and wasted all you time and money
worrying about drugs, how would that affect your lifeline?
Addiction
Besides drugs what else could someone be
addicted to?
Potato Chip Activity• How does it feel to stop after just one chip?• How many of you would like another chip?• How do cravings for potato chips differ from
cravings for tobacco, alcohol or other drugs?• How might your body react if you stopped
eating potato chips? • What if you stopped using tobacco, alcohol,
or some other drug after you are addicted?
14
Changes in Brain chemistry occur dependent on the method of administration. Methods include:
• Oral Ingestion• Injection (can be into the intramuscular or
intravenous)• Smoke• Inhalation• Absorption
The quicker the drug reaches the brain the more likely the user is to become addicted.
Methods of Administration
Synapses…
How Addiction Happens…
• Once a drug reaches the brain, it acts on one or more neurotransmitters, either increasing or decreasing their concentration and actions.
• Neurotransmitters include substances such as serotonin and dopamine that are released from your brain to make you feel good.
Dopamine and Serotonin
Dopamine and the brain
Downward Spiral of Addiction
ExperimentationRecreational or Social Use
ToleranceCompulsive Craving
AddictionWithdrawal
Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use of a substance just to see what it is like; Peers, family, media
may all be an influence
Experimentation
Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use of a substance makes user feel good; think he/she is having fun and fitting in which
often leads to using more frequently
Recreational or Social Use
Downward Spiral of Addiction
The body needs more of a substance because it requires more to get the same effect
Tolerance
Downward Spiral of Addiction
Beginning to have uncontrollable need for the substance
Compulsive Craving
Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use becomes habitual (regular) and out of control; User is
dependent on the substance
Addiction
Downward Spiral of Addiction
Changes that occur when drug use stops
Withdrawal
How quickly someone becomes addicted depends on several factors:–Genetic connection to addiction–Stress, worry, tension – the more there is, the more likely you are to look for so-called relief.–Drug being used. Some drugs cause addiction after just one or a few uses.
WithdrawalWhen someone tries to give up
tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs, they may suffer through a combination of
symptoms.Restlessness Depression Difficulty concentrating
Eating more than usual
Loss of Energy/Fatigue
Tremors
Impatience Stomach or Bowel problems
Heart palpitations
Frustration and Anger
Headaches Sweating
Dependence
When a user needs the drug to be able to function normally.
Tolerance
When the person needs more and more to get the same
effect
Other Drug Vocabulary
• Relapse – the tendency to return to addictive behavior after a period of abstinence.
• Euphoria – “high”• Synesthesia – an effect where sensory
messages are incorrectly assigned (hear a taste, smell a sound)
• Flashbacks – perceptual distortions and bizarre thoughts that occur after the drug has been eliminated from the body
Addiction to a drug can affect someone
physically, socially, and mentally.
Symptoms of a Drug User
Personality
• Becomes disrespectful, verbal and physical abuse
• Is angry a lot, acts paranoid or confused, extreme mood swings
• Seems depressed and less out-going than usual.• Is secretive, lies about what s/he is doing and
where s/he is going.• Steals or “loses” possessions s/he used to
value.• Seems to have a lot of money or is always
asking for money
Symptoms of a Drug UserPhysical Appearance
• Not taking care of hygiene and grooming.
• Not sleeping or sleeping too much.
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss or weight gain.
• Too hyperactive or too little energy.
Symptoms of a Drug User
Social Activity/School Performance
• Drops old friends and activities.
• Skips school
• Loses interest in school work and is getting low grades
• Sleeps in class
• Loses concentration and is having trouble remembering things.
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Does the scenario represent
Tolerance,
Dependence
or
Addiction?
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Jen has to take twice as much heroin to get the
same high she used to get with just one needle.
Tolerance
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Neurons and dopamine receptors begin to die.
Dependence
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Ryan has a compulsive need to drink alcohol.
Addiction
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Stan will do anything, including steal from his friends to get the drugs.
Addiction
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The brain adjusts to the drug to the point that it
needs the drug to function normally.
Dependence
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Sierra’s reward pathway doesn’t respond as strongly
as it used to when she smokes a cigarette.
Tolerance
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Jon experiences overwhelming physical
withdrawal symptoms when he doesn’t take heroin.
Addiction
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Instead of a good feeling, taking the drug only
produces relief.
Dependence
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The drug user’s brain cells become more resistant to
the effects of the drug.
Tolerance
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Lia cannot control her cocaine use anymore.
Addiction
Tolerance, Dependence, or Addiction
• 1. Tolerance• 2.
Dependence• 3. Addiction• 4. Addiction• 5.
Dependence
• 6. Tolerance• 7. Addiction• 8.
Dependence• 9. Tolerance• 10. Addiction