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Lesson 1
Intro to Immunity
Lymphatic System
Magic School Bus – “Inside
Ralphie”
The Lymphatic System - Produces & houses WBC
- Filter’s lymph (plasma leaked from capillaries)
Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions
1. Identify 5 components of the lymphatic system
2. What is the lymphatic system’s role in maintaining
homeostasis?
Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow,
spleen, thymus
It prevents the body from swelling by collecting
excess fluid that escapes from blood out of
capillaries & returns it to the circulatory system.
Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions
3. Compare & contrast infections and noninfectious
disease and name one example of each.
• Infectious diseases are caused by organisms
that invade the body (pathogens) like bacteria &
viruses.
Ex. Flu, common cold, HIV
• Non infectious diseases are caused by other
factors like genetics, nutrition, etc.
Ex. Heart attack, stroke
Lymphatic System & Immunity Questions
4. What is bone marrow’s role in immunity?
5. The 1st and 2nd lines of immunological defense are
considered “non-specific” defenses. Why?
It produces white blood cells called
lymphocytes (B and T cells)
They are barriers, fever, & inflammatory
response that defend against MANY kinds of
pathogens.
The Magic School Bus -
"Inside Ralphie"
The Body’s Army
(Non-Specific Defenses)
1. Compare the non-specific defenses.
1st Line of Defense 2nd Line of Defense
Prevents invaders from entering
skin, tears, mucus,
sweat
After pathogen gets past the 1st line
Inflammatory
response, fever, interferon
The Body’s Army (con’t.)
2. What is the body’s most important 1st line of defense? SKIN
3. What can a doctor infer if a blood test shows an increased amount of white blood cells?
The body is fighting an infection
4. Why is it beneficial to have a fever when sick? High temp. can kill pathogens
Lesson 2
Immune System Vocab
(antigen, pathogen, antibody)
White Blood Cell Types &
Functions
The Immune System
Brainpop Immune
System
What is Immunity?
• non-specific and specific attacks on disease causing agents (pathogens)
Important Vocab
1. Pathogen – any disease causing microorganism / microbe (bacteria, virus, fungus)
Important Vocab (con’t.)
2. Antigens: • proteins on the surface of a cell • can be identified as self or non-self • trigger an immune response if not recognized as self
Examples of Red Blood Cell Antigens that determine a
person’s blood type (A, B, AB, O)
Type A Type B
Type AB Type O
Examples of Red Blood Cell Antigens that
determine a person’s blood type (A, B, AB, O)
Summary of Blood Types
Draw these examples of pathogens and their
foreign antigens.
Examples of Pathogenic Infections
MRSA
(Bacterial) Oral Herpes
(Viral)
Athlete’s
Foot (Fungal)
3. Antibodies: • proteins produced by WBC’s in
response to a foreign antigen
• mark a pathogen for destruction
• are specific, an antibody can only
bind to a certain antigen
• Immunological Memory
• once antibodies are made, the body
remembers how to make them
(Memory cells)
Important Vocab (con’t.)
Antibodies VIDEO
Specific Defenses
White Blood Cell Functions
1) Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)
2)Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase
production (Helper T-cells)
WBC Functions (con’t.)
3)Produce antibodies (B-cells plasma cells)
WBC Functions (con’t.)
4)Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using
phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)
WBC Functions (con’t.)
5)Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)
WBC Functions (con’t.)
6)Retain memory of how to fight specific
pathogens (Memory T-cells)
WBC Functions (con’t.)
Summary of WBC Functions Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)
1) Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase
production (Helper T-cells)
2) Produce antibodies (B-cells)
3) Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using
phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)
4) Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)
5) Retain memory of how to fight specific pathogens
(Memory T-cells)
1) Identify foreign antigens (Helper T-cells)
2) Direct /alert other white blood cells to increase
production (Helper T-cells)
3) Produce antibodies (B-cells)
4) Engulf & destroy foreign invaders using
phagocytosis (Macrophages / phagocytes)
5) Kill infected, damaged cells (Killer T-cells)
6) Retain memory of how to fight specific pathogens
(Memory T-cells)
Summary of WBC Functions
Lesson 3
Active & Passive Immunity
Vaccines
Videos
Hepatitis B1 HepB
Rotavirus2 RV RV RV2
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis3 DTaP DTaP DTaP
Haemophilus influenzae type b4 Hib Hib Hib4
Pneumococcal5 PCV PCV PCV
Inactivated Poliovirus6 IPV IPV
Influenza7
Measles, Mumps, Rubella8
Varicella9
Hepatitis A10
Meningococcal11
Are you “immune” to any diseases? Make a list!
1) PASSIVE IMMUNITY
–Antibodies are obtained from an outside source,
NOT made by the body
–Only temporary (short term)
Ex. Breast Milk
– Mother’s antibodies are passed to
the baby during breastfeeding
Ex. Rabies shot
– Injection of antibodies by doctor after
exposure
How do we develop “immunity”?
2) ACTIVE IMMUNITY
–Antibodies are PRODUCED by the body
–PERMANENT (long term)
Ex. Contract & Survive the Disease:
• ex. chicken pox
• WBC produce antibodies to fight it off
• usually, you will not get sick from that exact pathogen
again (Immunological memory)
Note: MANY strains of viruses cause
“the common cold”
Ex. Vaccination / Vaccine
–small amount of a dead or weakened pathogen (or its antigens) is injected into the bloodstream
–WBC are stimulated to produce antibodies
–prepares the body for future invasions by that same microbe (immunological memory)
Brainpop - Vaccines
Brainpop - Flu
Note: MANY strains of
viruses cause the flu so you
need a new shot each year
Active Immunity Passive Immunity
production of
own antibodies
receiving of
antibodies
ex. contract &
survive a disease
ex. vaccination
ex. Antibodies in
breastmilk
ex. Antibiotics
prescribed by doctor
ex. Tetanus or
rabies shot
Involve
antibody
-antigen
reactions
to fight
infection
Lesson 4
Immune Disorders
Malfunctions and Disorders of the Immune
System
1. Allergic Reactions • A hypersensitive response to substances (allergens)
that are not normally harmful
–Pollen
–Peanuts, shell fish
–Cat/dog hair or dander
• Antibodies are produced by WBC
• causes chemical called histamine to be
produced (leads to itching, swelling, rash)
2. Rejection of Organ Transplant
• Recipient’s body produces
antibodies against foreign
antigens in the donor’s tissues
• Getting the closest “match”
reduces risk
• Recipient takes
immunosuppressant drugs to
prevent rejection of the
organ/tissue
Face Transplant Video
3. AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
• Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (a
Retrovirus)
–Transmitted through bodily fluids (blood, semen,
vaginal fluids, NOT sweat or saliva)
Reverse Transcriptase Video
AIDS (con’t.)
• Attacks CD4 T-Cells (WBC
that direct the actions of the
immune system)
–Prevents infected person
from fighting other
infections like pneumonia
or a cold
• Reproduces rapidly,
mutates, making it hard to
target with drugs HIV/AIDS vaccine?
4. Autoimmune Diseases • The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s
OWN cells
• Ex. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
–Destruction of myelin sheath covering on nerve cells
–May lead to blindness, loss of motor function