Intro to Computer IT

8/12/2019 Intro to Computer IT

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Definition: Electronic information processing

device (includes storage & retrieval)

Does not create information

Cannot think (unlike a human brain) Future: Network - Sharing information (Internet

& Intranet)







CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The brain: capacity, speed, store

Named based on model: 80286, 80386, 80486,

Pentium, Pentium 4, Centrino etc.

Clock Speed: MHz or GHz

Math Co-Processor

Cache Memory 256/512 KB



Peripheral Devices:

Input Devices - Keyboard, Mouse

Output Devices - Screen, Printer

Memory:

RAM - Active, temporary

ROM - Passive, Permanent.

Auxiliary storage devices: Floppy, Hard Disk,

CD/DVD ROM, Flash Disk etc.

Scanner, Modem, Memory Cards, Video adapter,

Projector (InFocus), etc



Programs - Data

Program: a set of instructions to computer

Games, MS Office

Data: information created by user

Letter typed in by user

Both are stored separately on the hard disk.



Applications Operating Systems

Windows Vista Mac OS X Leopard

Linux Solaris



Manager to a computer (interface)

Text Based e.g. DOS (Disk Operating System)

Graphic User Interface (GUI) e.g. Windows, Mac OS



Word Processor: MS Word

Spread Sheet: MS Excel, Lotus 123

Database: MS Access, Dbase,

Graphics & Design: MS Paint, Adobe CreativeSuite

Web Browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox

Entertainment: Games, Video, Music Informational: Educational software

Customized Programs - Airlines, Manufacturing,

Hotels, etc.



Communication between computers.

Share information, ideas, resources

Hardware technology: Optical fiber, Ethernet,

Wireless LAN (radio waves) Internet: global communication

Information, entertainment, utility

No geographical, political, regional or other

limitations



The process by which humans modify nature to

meet their needs and wantsKnowledge

Tools

Crafts

Sources: National Research Council (2002), National Academies of Engineering



The broad subject concerned with all aspects

of managing and processing information

Anything related to computing technology, such

as networking, hardware, software, the

Internet, or the people that work with these

technologies

Sources: Dong, J. Network Dictionary. Javvin Technologies Inc.





Reduce cost

Increase efficiency

Add knowledge by sharing and exchanging

information Retain knowledge and information



Engineering: manufacturing

Military: training simulators

Security: biometrics

Transportation: chip cards for busses Education: e-learning, disability learning

Medicine: decision support system for patient

care, e-prescribing

Etc… It’s basically everywhere



Internet: a global network connection millions

of computer

World Wide Web: the universe of network-

accessible information, the embodiment of

human knowledge

Internet vs WWW: The Web is just one of the

ways that information can be disseminatedover the Internet



Browsers:

Internet ExplorerMozilla Firefox

Opera

Safari (Mac OS X)

Search engines:

Yahoo

Google

MSN

Altavista



Search query

Search web pages

Search images, books etc



In the 1980s

Macintosh 1984 IBM PC 1981



Now: growth of Mac OS market share to 7.3% in 2007 and a decrease in

Windows’ market share

Apple is very happy with the increase (check out the Ad)



Requires a mouse

“Out of the box” all-in-one computer including

Hardware and software for recording and editing sound, images,

video and producing DVD discs

High quality graphics

Models vary according to the project development needs and budget,

but all are sufficient for basic multimedia projects



Apple II (1977/1978) – Lisa 1 (1983)

CPU: 6502, 1 MHzMemory: 4K-48K

Data on audio cassette

CPU: Motorola 6800, 5 MHzMemory: 1Mb RAM, 5Mb HD



The first Power Macintosh are based on Reduced Instruction-Set Computing (RISC)

microprocessors in 1994

RISC was typically used in engineering workstations and commercial databaseservers designed for raw computational power

Worked with IBM and Motorola: the earlier models use Motorola 68000, 68030

and 68040 processors

Power Mac 6100, 7100, 8100



G3 series in 1997

Clock speed greater than 233 MHz higher performance than existing

Pentium-based Windows machines



iMac (1998) and Power Mac G3 (Blue & White)



iMac 266, Power Mac G4 and iBook (1999)

By 2003, G4 processors offered gigahertz speed and a dual processor

arrangement with 20-times performance increase over the G3 while runningapplications like Photoshop



PowerBook G4, iBook, PowerMac G4 ‘Quicksilver’ (2001)



PowerBook G4, iMac G4 (2003) – iMac G5 (2004) – PowerMac G5 (2005)



Mac jumps to Intel Processors, allowing integration with Windows (2007)

MacBook & MacBook Pro (2007) - MacBook Air (2008) - iMac



Not a computer per se, but rather a collection of parts that are tied

together by the requirements of Windows OS Processors, hard disks, CD-ROM, video and audio components,

monitors, keyboards etc come from different manufacturers

However, all components are now delivered together as “managed

PCs” under brands such as Dell, HP, Gateway, IBM etc.



Scelbi and Mark-8 (1974/1975) – IBM 5100 (1975)

Mark-8Scelbi (SCientif ic, ELectronic and

BIological)

- Intel 8008 microprocessor - 1K programmable memory- Additional 15K memory available for$2760

IBM 5100



Altair 8800 (1975) – TRS 80 (1976/1977)

Altair 8800

TRS 80 (Trash 80)



IBM 5150 (1981)

CPU Intel 8088 4.77 MHz

Co-processor Optional 8087 Math Coprocessor

RAM 16Kb, 64Kb, then later 256Kb

ROM 64Kb

Graphics CGA

Colors Monochrome

Sound Tone generator Input/Output One or two 160Kb 5.25” disk-

drives

Hard disk 5Mb, 10Mb or 20Mb

OS MS-DOS



IBM PC Convertible (1986)

Original Price: $2000 with 256K RAM

CPU Intel 80C88

Display Monochrome LCD,CGA resolution

OS IBM PC-DOS

Input/Output Dual 720K 3.5” Floppydrives



Intel Pentium 60 & 66 MHz (1993) – Intel Pentium II 266 MHz (1997)



Pentium III 450 MHz to 1.4 GHz (1999) – Pentium 4 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz (2000)



Dual Core, Core 2 Duo (2006)

Documents

Intro to Computer IT