Intro To Computer Applications

CAP 101

Chris Babin

A Quick History of Computers

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1944: The First “Modern” Computer

“Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator” 1939 – 1944

Ballistic and gunnery calculations for the Navy

1946: ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

5,000 operations per second - 1,000 square feet of floor space

Designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the Army

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1951: UNIVAC – 1st Commercial Computer

1,905 operations per second

Cost: $750,000 + $185,000 for printer

1951: Popular Mechanics Magazine

The Osborne I

Weight: 24 lbs

1960: DEC PDP-1 (programmed data processor)

One operator $120,000 SpaceWar! Punched paper tape

PDP-8 at Work

Controlled the news screen in Times Square, New York

1969: DEC PDP-12

DEC PDP-15

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1964: Mainframe Computer

Stored data on tape - 3 million instructions per second

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1974: Xerox Alto

First workstation to use a mouseNever sold commercially

1975: The Altair 8800

1st personal computer

BASIC

256 B RAM

No keyboard/ monitor

Switches used to enter machine code

$498 ($2,000 today)13

The First Apple Computer (Apple 1)

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“Typewriter in a box”

1976

First Popular PCs

Apple IITandy TRS-80

1977

1982Commodore 64

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1981: IBM PC

4.77 MHz Intel 8088 processor

MS DOS operating system

The First IBM PC

August, 1981

16K Memory

Dual floppy drives

$1,565 (about $4,000 today)

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1981: First Portable Computer

The Osborne I: 24 lbs

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Milestones

1983: Compaq introduced first clone

1984: Apple Macintosh

1984: IBM AT (286 chip, $4,000)

1985: Intel 386 chip (16 MHz)

1989: Intel 486 chip

1993: Intel Pentium

2006: Dual Core Processing

2007: Quad Core Processing

TYPES OF COMPUTERS BY SIZE

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Supercomputer

NOAA (IBM)Weather & Climate

14 trillion calculations/secCray

National Air & Space Museum

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Mainframe

ThenVermont Dept of Employment

Security1970

Now70% of world’s data

25,000 users

Most people have never seen it

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Mini

Similar to Mainframe, but smaller

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Desktop

All in OneTraditional

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Laptop

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NetBook

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UltraBook

• Low-power Intel Core

processors

• Solid-state drives

• No optical drives or

Ethernet ports

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ChromeBook

• 11.6'' display

• 0.7 inches / 2.4 lbs

• 6.5 hours of battery

• Boots in 10 seconds

• 100 GB of Google

Drive

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Tablets (old)

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Tablets (new)

iPad Nexus Kindle Fire

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Hybrids

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Handheld Computers (SmartPhones)

Android Windows Phone BlackberryiPhone

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Wearable Technology

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Networks

2 or more devices connected to share resources

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How it works - Simplified

Stuff goes in Stuff comes out

Input devices Output devices

Processor(memory)

Storage

Keyboard

Mouse/Trackball

Scanner

Camera

Microphone

Touch

Voice

Joystick

Monitor

Printer

Modem

Speakers

Projectors

Plotters

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Bits and Bytes (measures capacity)

8 Bits = 1 Byte

1,000 Bytes = 1K (kilobyte)

1,000,000 Bytes = 1MB (megabyte)

1,000,000,000 Bytes = 1GB (gigabyte)

1,000,000,000,000 Bytes = 1TB (terabyte)

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Storage Devices

Device AKA Capacity

Hard drive Local disk, C: 200 GB – 3 TB

Floppy Disk drive Gone 1.44 MB

Flash driveRemovable Disk (any

letter)256 MB – 1 TB

CD / DVD Optical Drives 700 MB – 50 GB

Network drives F: and above No limit

Cloud storage Virtual drives No limit

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What is …

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What is “The Cloud”?

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The Hard Disk

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Newest: Solid State Drives

• No moving parts

• Instant start up

• Reliable but could degrade over time

• Faster

• Consume less power

• More expensive

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Using a Flash Drive

Driver installs automatically

Taking care of a flash drive

Ejecting when done

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Keyboard

Any keys you don’t understand?

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Protecting Data

Save frequently

Backup important data

Protect against unwanted intrusion

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Types of Software

Applications software

– Programs designed for a specific purpose

Systems software

– Operating systems– Utility programs

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Word Processing Software

Used for primarilytext-based documents

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Spreadsheet Software

Used primarily for numeric data

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Database Software

Organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of data and create queries to locate specific data

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Presentation Software

Used to create automated slide shows

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

Create & manipulate images

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Web Software

Browsers

Software to create Web sites

Multi-media for the Web

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Other Software Programs

Personal information management software

Entertainment

Education

Electronic banking

Medical and health care

Industry-specific software

Operating Systems

DOS

Mac OS

Windows

Unix

Linux

Windows RT

iOS

Android

Chrome OS

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Operating Systems

Provides user interface

Application launcher

File Manager

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DOS

Introduced in 1981. Stands for Disk Operating System

Command-line interface

Single-tasking

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DOS

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Mac OS

Introduced by Apple Computer in 1984

First GUI operating system

First operating system to provide on-screen help

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Windows

Microsoft’s first GUI operating system, released in 1987

Really just a “pretty face” on top of DOS

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Windows 1.0

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Windows 2.0

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The Windows 3.1

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Windows

Windows 95 8/24/1995

Windows 98 6/25/1998

Windows ME / 2000 6/19/2000

Windows XP 10/25/2001

Windows Vista 1/7/2007

Windows 7 10/22/2009

Windows 8 10/26/2012

Windows 8.1 10/17/2013

Windows 9 Spring 2015

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The Windows XP Desktop

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Windows Vista Desktop

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Windows 7 Desktop

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Windows 8.1 Start Screen

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Windows 8 Desktop

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Creating Files

The operating system helps to creates files

A file is a letter, memo, document, spreadsheet, presentation, etc.

It has a name, followed by a 3 or 4 character extension

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Creating Files: 3 Decisions

1. Storage device (disc drive)

2. Folder

3. Name

G:\CAP101\Resume.docx

(OS adds the dot and extension)

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Common File Extensions

DOC or DOCX XLS or XLSX PPT or PPTX HTM TXT JPG, GIF EXE

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Buying a Computer

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Buying a Computer – Ask 4 Questions

• What will you use it for?

• What software do you need?

• What hardware will run that software?

• How much portability do you need?

• Touch?

Processor: Cores & Threads

Single core = one task (others queue up)

Hyper threading = 2 tasks, same time, ½ speed

Dual core = 2 tasks, same time, full speed

More threads = more tasks at same time

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Processors

INTEL AMD

Budget

Celeron Sempron (Single / Dual) (Single/Dual)

Mid-Range Core i3 (dual) Athlon II Core i5 (dual/quad) (Dual / Tri / Quad)

High Performance

Core i7

Core i7 Extreme

Phenom II (Dual / Tri / Quad / 6) FX Black Edition (up to 8) (Quad / Six)

Mobile Core i3 mobile

Core i5 Mobile

Core i7 Mobile

Turion II

* Most tablets use the ARM processor

* Netbooks and some tablets use the “Atom” processor

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Older Processors

INTEL AMD

Budget

Celeron Sempron Pentium

Mid-Range Core 2 Duo Athlon 64 Athlon 64 x2

High Performance

Core 2 Quad Phenom Core 2 Extreme

Mobile Centrino Turion

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Minimum Memory (RAM)

If this is what you do: RAM Needed:

Casual User Internet browsing, e-mail and listening to music

1 – 2 GB

Frequent User Internet browsing, email, word processing, simple graphics programs and flash games, music and watching videos, multitasking.

2 – 4 GB

Power User / Student  Internet browsing, email, word processing, photo editing, video editing, graphics programs and gaming, intensive multitasking.

4 – 8 GB

Professional / Gamer / Graphic Designer  High performance gaming, multimedia editing, high-definition video, graphics design/3D modeling, intensive multitasking.

8 – 16 GB