Intro to Biological OceanographyANIMAL DIVERSITY

Biodiversity

The term Biodiversity is used to describe the number and kinds of things living in an area.

Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism.

We call this classification taxonomy

Taxonomy

A taxonomist is a scientist who classifies organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.

http://creationsafaris.com/images/linnaeus.jpg

Taxonomy

"Do keep piling chocolate on for goodness sakes.“

Domain Kingdom

Phylum Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature – involves organizing an organism's scientific name into a combination of two terms.

These terms are the Genus name and the species.

Both of these terms are italicized and the genus name is also capitalized.

Taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature example –

Great White Shark – Genus: Carcharodon

species: carcharias

Scientific name = Carcharadon carcharias

http://oceanlink.island.net/biodiversity/shark/Great-White-Shark.jpg

Example: Velella velella

Animal Diversity

Kingdom – Animalia Divided into about 33 major groups

called Phyla Each Phylum represents a distinct body

plan. The difference between phyla is much

greater than the difference between species within an individual phylum.

Animal Diversity Out of all these phyla, only one is

not represented in the ocean – the little velvet worm called onychphorans

By contrast 14 of them are only found in the ocean.

http://animais.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/gallery/animais-em-extincao-onychophora/animais-em-extincao-onychophora-2.jpg

Animal Diversity

The animal diversity in the ocean is much greater than it is on land….and….

Many new ocean species have yet to be discovered!!!

Animal Diversity

For example – In 1998 scientists discovered that what had previously been viewed as two species of commercially valuable deep-sea crabs was really 18 different species!!

http://files.abovetopsecret.com/files/img/bt4f7530ba.jpg

Animal Diversity

In 2001 a 23 foot squid was discovered.

In 2003 a blood red, 2-3 foot long jelly fish with no tentacles was discovered.

These are just examples of the

ocean species being discovered

all the time…. Many more are yet to

be documented!!

http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&sa=X&hl=en&biw=1441&bih=710&tbm=isch&tbnid=OVh_iEBp_Hb7zM:&imgrefurl=http://thewere42.wordpress.com/category/biology/page/24/&docid=MeL2XsiMNpc4pM&imgurl=http://thewere42.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/091211-01-blood-red-jellyfish_big.jpg%253Fw%253D604&w=461&h=275&ei=YZ-4Uf6WEbjd4APeyYHYBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:0,s:0,i:80&iact=rc&dur=213&page=1&tbnh=173&tbnw=291&start=0&ndsp=17&tx=193&ty=81

The Underappreciated Multitudes

Animals seem to get most of the attention when we talk about diversity, but the ocean is full of plants, algae, bacteria, and protists that often get overlooked (the remaining 4 kingdoms).

http://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/05/080515145350-large.jpg

http://www.energyinsight.info/ocean_algae_biomass.jpg

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQmSiEG1ZoaYttOV_c8j0ffbzvAdqhHZZxLkMIta9FwI6nLge5Og

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkTKJ2c_sI/AAAAAAAAB4M/Yhs0P6lbQiI/s320/diatom2.jpg

The Underappreciated Multitudes

Microscopic primary producers (single celled algae) and other organisms capable of making their own energy are the foundation of most marine food webs.

These organisms are able to make their own energy from sunlight or chemicals.

The Underappreciated Multitudes

Organisms that can make their own food are called producers or autotrophs

Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food undergo the process of photosynthesis

Organisms that use chemicals to make their own food undergo the process of chemosynthesis

Ocean Diversity Video Clip Click

photo

for

video

http://www.freelancerbay.com/files/users/PostArt/blogs/Sea_Ocean_N.jpg

References

http://biology.about.com/b/2006/12/15/binomial-nomenclature.htm

http://www.jostimages.com/details/sharks/index/00015465/The-Great-White-Sharks-scientific-name-is-Carcharodon-carcharias.html

References

Adapted from:

Science 101: Ocean Science [Paperback]

Jennifer Hoffman