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Intro to Africa Chapter 24
Historical Overview � First humans were there 100,000 years ago. � Migration encouraged by climate change. � 7,000 years ago, Sahara had a wetter climate.
-World’s first domestic cattle. � Egyptian civilization rose 5,000 years ago. � 1500s, Europeans traded guns for gold and ivory.
Sought slaves for colonies in Americas. � 1800s, African countries under foreign rule by
European countries.
Physical Characteristics � Highest mountains are along northern and eastern
edges. � Mainly plateaus.
Climates � Rain falls in broad zones along the equator. � Farther north and south are desert climates. � Mediterranean climate (wet winters and dry
summers) happens at northern and southern edges.
Climates
Ecosystems � Far north and south are temperate grasslands. � Sahara desert in north. � Most of Africa is a savanna.
Ecosystems
People and Cultures � Wide range of people, language and culture. � South of Sahara speak over 800 languages. � Population concentrated in Nile Valley, Nigeria, East
African highlands, and certain coastal areas.
People and Cultures
Economics, Technology and Environment
� Most common economic activities are subsistence farming and nomadic herding (herders move their flocks to different pastures throughout the year)
� Some areas soil suffers from leaching (dissolving and washing away of nutrients)
� Great mineral wealth with some of the richest deposits of gold, diamonds, and petroleum in the world.
Economics, Technology and Environment