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7/28/2019 Intro Sept 1 Introduction to embedded systems and realtime systems
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n ro uc on o em e e
systems and realtime
systemsB. RamamurthyCSE321
This course is partially supported National Science
Foundation NSF DUE Grant: 0737243
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Introduction to Realtime
Systems & Embedded SystemsB. RamamurthyCSE321
This course is partially supported National Science
Foundation NSF DUE Grant: 0737243
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The course will enable you to:
Understand and design embeddedsystems and real-time systems
For real-time systems:
Identify the unique characteristics of real-timesystems
Explain the general structure of a real-timesystem
Define the unique design problems andchallenges of real-time systems
Apply real-time systems design techniques tovarious software programs.
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Course overview
For embedded systems it will enableyou to : Understand the basics of an embedded
system
Program an embedded system
Design, implement and test an embeddedsystem.
Ex: realtime + embedded : games on aGameboy or arcade games
Ex: realtime: Spore on a laptop
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Example real-time and embedded
systems
Domain Application
Avionics Navigation; displays
Multimedia Games; simulators
Medicine Robot surgery; remote surgery;
medical imaging
Industrial systems Robot assembly lines;automated inspection
Civilian Elevator control
Automotive system; Global
positioning system (GPS)7/16/2013 5
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Lets discuss some realtime system
(RTS) characteristics
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Realtime Characteristics
RTS have to respond to events in acertain pre-detemined amount of time. The time constraints have to be considered
during planning, design, implementation and
testing phases.
Internal failures due to software andhardware fault have be handledsatisfactorily.
You cannot simply pop-up a dialog error boxthat says send report or dont send report.
Also external failures due to outside sourcesneed to be handled.
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Realtime Characteristics
(contd.) Typical interaction in an RTS is
asynchronous. Thus an RTS should
have features to handle asynchronous
events such as interrupt handlers anddispatcher and associated resources.
Potential for race condition: when
state of resources are timingdependent race condition may occur.
Periodic tasks are common.
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Embedded System
Is a special purpose system designedto perform a few dedicated functions.
Small foot prints (in memory)
Highly optimized code
Cell phones, mp3 players are
examples.
The components in an mp3 player are
highly optimized for storage
operations. (For example, no need to
have a floating point operation on an7/16/2013 9
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Real-time system concepts
A system is a mapping of a set of input into a set ofoutputs.
A digital camera is an example of a realtime
system: set of input including sensors and imaging
devices producing control signals and displayinformation.
Realtime system can be viewed as a sequence of
job to be scheduled.
Time between presentation of a set of inputs to asystem and the realization of the required behavior,
including availability of all associated outputs, is
called the response time of the system.
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Real-time system concepts
(contd.) Real-time system is the one in which logical
correctness is based on both the correctness of theoutput as well as their timeliness.
A soft real-time system is one in which performance
is degraded by failure to meet response-timeconstraints.
A hard real-time system is one in which failure tomeet a single deadline may lead to complete andcatastrophic failure.
More examples: Automatic teller: soft
Robot vacuum cleaner: firm
Missile delivery system: hard
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Regular Computer System
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From Minimalist:
STIR-FRIED CHICKEN WITH CREAMED CORNTime: 20 minutes
1 pound boneless chicken (breasts or thighs), in 1/2-inch chunks
2 tablespoons soy sauce
1 teaspoon sesame oil
1 tablespoon sherry, rice wine, sake or white wine
2 tablespoons peanut oil or another neutral oil, like corn or grape
seed
1 tablespoon minced garlic
1 tablespoon minced ginger
1 small chili, seeds and stems removed, minced (or dried red chili
flakes to taste)
1 15-ounce can creamed corn
1 cup corn kernels (fresh, frozen or canned)
Chopped cilantro leaves for garnish.
1. In a small bowl, mix the chicken with the soy sauce, the sesame oiland the wine. Put the peanut oil into a deep skillet or wok, preferably
nonstick, and turn heat to high. Drain chicken. When oil is hot, add
chicken to skillet, and cook, undisturbed, until bottom browns, about 2
minutes. Stir once or twice, and cook 2 minutes longer. Turn the heat
down to medium-low.
2. Add the garlic, the ginger and the chili to the skillet, and stir; 15
seconds later, add the creamed corn and the corn kernels. Cook,
stirring occasionally, until heated through, 3 or 4 minutes. Garnish,
and serve over white rice.
Data
Algorithm
Program
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Embedded Systems
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The Number Game (1)
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The Number Game (2)
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The Number Game (4)
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The Number Game (8)
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The Number Game (16)
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Analysis
What is theory /concept behind this game? How did I arrive at the number you guessed?
How can I automate this process?
What is the data and what is the algorithm?
How can we convey these to a computingmachine?
While a computer talks binary, we humans writeprograms in languages such as Java, C#, C++,Basic etc.
Binary numbers (1s and 0s) is the number systemused by the computer systems.
We humans use decimal number system that has 10distinct symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
Your task: Write a C program to computerize this7/16/2013 19
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Summary
We examined the course objectivesfor embedded and realtime systems
We looked at sample systems
Homework: Write a program that automates the
number game
Logo for NEXOS
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