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LANDSCAPESONTHEEDGEAREDIFFERENTINTRODUCTIONTO

LANDSCAPESONTHEEDGE

ElliottMenashe,GreenbeltConsultingwww.greenbeltconsulting.com

design&implementationofprojectsonPugetSoundshorelines&urbanravines

U.W.BOTANICGARDENSCENTERFOR

URBANHORTICULTURENov.15‐16,2016

LANGLEY,WHIDBEYISLAND,2012

DIFFERENTRULESAPPLY

thingshappenontheedge

Landscaping ontheEdgeNeedstobeDifferent

Greenbank,WhidbeyIsland

thereare4majorfactorswhichmakeliving&landscapingontheedgedifferent

4.Regulatory&permitconsiderations.

1.Influencesofshoreline&riparianprocesses,geology,soils,hydrology&erosion.

2.Results&impactsofpastpropertydevelopment,currentmanagement&landscapingpractices.

3.Conditionswithinthewatershed.

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EDMONDS,SNOHOMISHCO,Feb2014,WA.SEAGRANTPHOTO

whereland&watermeet– thelandchanges

EROSION&LANDSLIDESAREAFACTOFLIFEthroughoutthePugetSoundregion

HATISLAND,SNOHOMISHCO.&THREEFINGERS

thelandscapehasbeenerodingsincethelastglacierreceded

WESTBEACH,WHIDBEYIS

shorelinesaretemporaryplaces

beforeEuropeansettlement‐‐‐‐PugetSoundlookedsomethinglikethis

EDBOOKPHOTOHOODCANAL,DABOB&QUILCENEBAYS

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conifers

understoryplantsshrubs&

groundcoversmosses

lichens

forestfloorduff

broad‐leavedtrees

manylayers

createdaredundant“FAIL‐SAFE”

systemwhichreduced

thecreationof

stormwaternurselogs

mid‐canopy

upper‐canopy

forestsoils&fungi

snags

TREE CANOPY

SHRUBS

&FORESTFLOORGROUNDCOVERS

TRANSPIRATION

TREECANOPY

TONGASSNATIONALFOREST

DAY

SHRUBS

FUNDAMENTALLY,FORESTSPROTECTLANDFROMEROSION&LANDSLIDESINTWOBASICWAYS

by providing

HydrologicBenefitsMINIMIZES STORMWATER. REDUCES SURFACE RUNOFF, SOIL SATURATION & EROSION

and through

Mechanical & StructuralSoil ReinforcementSHRUB &TREE ROOTS ANCHOR SOIL BLOCKS,HOLD SOIL PARTICLES,MAINTAIN SOIL STRUCTURE & RESIST SOIL EROSION DISCOVERYBAY,JEFFERSONCO SKAGITCOUNTY

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treerootsholdingalargesoilparticle

GLACIALERRATIC,SKAGITCOUNTYLOWLANDFOREST

soil&vegetationfilterpollutants

&protectmarinewaters

VEGETATIONONSHORELINESISIMPORTANT

vegetationreduceserosion

Greenbank,WhidbeyIslandJOHNSTONESTRAIT,BC

COUPEVILLE,WHIDBEYISLAND

CONVENTIONALSITEDEVELOPMENTIMPAIRSTHE“FAIL‐SAFE”SYSTEM

forestvegetation&organicsoils

arecleared&graded..

forestcanopy

interceptionislost

evapotranspiration&hydraulicredistribution

isreduced

structuralreinforcementfromrootsislost

topsoilsareremoved.

sub‐soilsarecompacted.

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GOOD SOILISLIKEASPONGE

soilcompactionsqueezesthesponge

impairsdrainage&infiltration

reducesplantvigor&increasesstress

landscapersofteninheritsiteswithpoorsoilconditions

impedesrootpenetration

lawnsareinstalledovergraded&compactedsoils

MOREWATER +LESS WATERSTORAGE=INCREASEDSTORMWATER

POSSESSIONPOINTESTATES,CLINTON,WHIDBEYISLAND

LAWNSOVERCOMPACTEDSOILS

LESSRAINFALLINTERCEPTION&EVAPO‐TRANSPIRATIONBYPLANTS

LESSINFILTRATIONCAPABILITY&WATER‐HOLDINGCAPACITYOFSOIL

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creationofstormwaterresultsinlargevolumesofsurfacewaterrunoff

whichcausesorcontributestosurfaceerosion

soilsaturation

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landslides

andpropertyloss

BUSHPOINTWHIDBEYISLAND

CITYOFSHORELINE,KINGCOUNTY

……andcanleavelandscaperswithsomechallengingsituations

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UrbanCreeks&Ravines

STEVERINGMAN,SEATTLETIMES

LONGFELLOWCREEK,WESTSEATTLE

SIMPLIFIEDSTREAM‐FLOWGRAPH

after development

beforedevelopment

TIMEAFTERRAINSTORM

DISCHARGEVOLUME

resultsinincreasedstormwater

higherpeakflow

resultsinincreasedfloodingofurbanravines&creeks

uplandstormwaterrunoff

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CONFUSESSPAWNINGSALMON

HarleySoltes/SeattleTimes

CHUMSALMON,SKOKOMISHRIVER,MASONCO

URBANRAVINE,NWSEATTLE Photo:USGSLANDSLIDEHAZARDSPROGRAM

contributestoravineerosion&propertydamage

anddischargeofpollutedrunoffintoPugetSound

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HOODCANAL,JEFFERSONCOUNTY

clearingtheuplands&slopesfortheperfecthomesite,lawn

&view…..

HUGHSHIPMANPHOTO

…..maynotbethebestplan

Thelesswealter

watershedhydrologyduring

development

Thelessweneedtospendforstormwater&erosioncontrol,mitigation&slope

stabilization

Forested – lessthan1%surfacewaterrunoffisgenerated

Cleared‐ 20‐30%runoff

1%

20‐30% =20‐30TIMESMORERUNOFF

saturatedsoils,bluffseepage&surfacerun‐offincreaselandslides&slopefailures

20‐30times morerunoff fromrainfallcanhavesignificantcumulativeeffects

COLUMBIABEACH,CLINTON,WA

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PUGETSOUNDWATERSHED

NASALandsatImageryofPugetSound

PUGETSOUNDWATERSHED

21SEPARATEWATERSHEDSUB‐BASINS

(ACCORDINGTOTHE

ENCYCLOPEDIAOF

PUGETSOUND)

https://www.eopugetsound.org/

weallliveinawatershed

SUBURBANDEVELOPMENT

cumulativeimpacts?

1%

30%

LAKESAMMAMISH

wecannolongeraffordtraditionallandscaping

COUGARMOUNTAIN,EASTKINGCOUNTY

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WENEEDTODEVELOPAWATERSHEDPERSPECTIVEtoreduceerosion&protectPugetSound

PUGETSOUND

HydrologicCycle

HOODCANAL,KITSAPCOUNTY

WADEPTOFECOLOGYCOASTALATLAS

DEVELOPMENT,MANAGEMENT&LANDSCAPEPRACTICESNEEDTOBEVIEWEDWITHINAWATERSHEDCONTEXT

Itisimportanttorealizethatwhathappenshere

canimpactshorelineproperties

affectsPugetSound

NATIONALMARINEFISHERIESSERVICE,SEATTLE

thereismoreatstakewhenyouliveontheedge……ornearit

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andalottoloseifthehealthofPugetSounddeclines

Elliott’s

REGULATIONS&PERMITS

SOWHATCANWEDONOW?

wecan’tbringbacktheold‐growthforests

butweCAN replacesomelostfunctionsthroughimprovedmanagementpractices

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GIGHARBOR,KITSAPCOUNTY

youcanworkwithyourclientstoimprovelandscapepractices

helpthemdevelopamoreinformedaesthetic

evaluate the property

Source:WA.STATEDOECOASTALATLASNORMANDYPARK,KINGCOUNTY

HATISLAND,SNOHOMISHCO

knowyoursite

Existingwoods

MapTheProperty&LandscapeCharacteristics

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IDENTIFY,ASSESS&MITIGATEPROBLEMS

stormwater?impervioussurfaces?drainagecontrol?soilerosion?hydrology?

slopeinstability?landslides?waveattack?

invasiveplants?off‐siteinfluences?

WHICHISSUESARETHE

MOSTIMPORTANT?

Upland‐ Slope‐ Shore

UncontrolledStormwaterRun‐off

HUGHSHIPMANPHOTO

PoorStormwaterSystem

suitlandscapedesign&plantingstofitexistingconditions

ORCASISLAND

don’tfightthesite!

TOPROTECTSHORELINESFROMSURFACEWATERRUNOFF,EROSION&LANDSLIDES–

HydrologicBenefitsREDUCING STORMWATERRUN-OFF, SURFACE EROSION, SILTATION, SEDIMENTATION & SOIL SATURATION.

Mechanical Soil ReinforcementSHRUB &TREE ROOTS HOLD SOIL, RESIST SOIL EROSION & MINIMIZESHALLOW LANDSLIDES

LANDSCAPINGSHOULDPROVIDE

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thecumulativebenefitswill helpprotectTHEPROPERTY&PUGETSOUND

PLANTBUFFERS

SHRINKTHELAWN

reduceareasofbaresoil

REPLACETHEFUNCTIONS&VALUESOF

NATIVEFORESTSLOSTDURINGDEVELOPMENT

RESTORESLOPEVEGETATION&IMPROVEVIEWMANAGEMENT

controlinvasiveplants

Himalayan Blackberry

Scot’s Broom

English IvyButterfly BushThistle

CONTROLINVASIVEPLANTS

GOODFORSLOPESTABILITY(andyourclients)

GOODFORWATERQUALITY

GOODFORWILDLIFE

PLANTFORMULTIPLELAYERS

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REDUCEUSEOFHERBICIDES&FERTILIZERS

alotofitendsupinPugetSound

BLAKELYISLAND

encourageyourclientstochooseadistinctlyregionallandscapestyle

featuringnativePugetLowlandspecies&plantcommunities

several hundred species of ornamental native groundcovers&shrubs in the Puget Lowlands

PacificNinebark

NootkaRose

WaxMyrtle

Huckleberry

MockOrange

PacificRhododendron

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THEREAREMANYRESOURCESAVAILABLE

EDUCATION,GUIDANCE&INCENTIVESPROGRAMS

thingsarechangingonthe

shoreline

YourMarineWaterfront

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VISITTHEELISABETHC.MILLERLIBRARY

Theyhavesetupafinedisplay

BALDHIPROSE&SNOWBERRY,SHORELINEGARDEN

ElliottMenashe,GreenbeltConsulting

TIMEFORABREAK

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ELLSWORTHCREEKPRESERVE,ILWACO,WAphoto:NATURECONSERVANCY

forestedwatershedsub‐basin

THEREISOFTENATIMEDELAYBETWEENCAUSE&EFFECT

thisdelayoftenpreventsusfromknowinghowtheresultsofouractionswillaffectuslater

DEEPFOREST,Mural,2009.JuneauCampus,UofAk,byRayTroll

FromtheforeststotheSounditwasallconnected……

itstillis

….butnotaswell