Intro Class 07

8/12/2019 Intro Class 07

1/27

Engineering Geology

Where Civilization and Earth MeetSoil and rock as engineering materials

Resource extraction and usage

Environmental impactsGeologic Hazards

Dr. James M. Martin-HaydenAssociate Professor

(419) !"-#$!4

J%ayden&'net.'oledo.ed


2/27

*orld Po+lation Gro,t%11.9

9.

.9

High Growth

Medium Growth

Low Growth

opulationGrowth

!

per"ear#!

$!

Expo

nentialG

rowth

%ctua

lGrow

th

Kehew, Figure 1.4 and 1.5


3/27

opulation in Crisis

andemics and &ood

shortages are

'eginning to decreasepopulation growth

Contamination and

glo'al warming will

onl" exacer'ate the

pro'lem


4/27

/0erse of Geologic esorces

#() 'illion are *oining the +consumer class,and the environment can-t sustain thisstandard o& living( .Worldwatch /nstitute0 $1123

Emissions o& Greenhouse gasses isaccelerating glo'al warming

Climate change is accelerating melting o&glaciers and driving mass extinctions.4he Centre o& 5iodiversit" and Conservation0

Leeds 6niversit"0 673

.Geolog" in the 8ews3


5/27

Glo'al 9il roduction to eak

9nce oil production peaks extraction

will 'ecome increasingl" expensive(

%lternative sources Coal .emissions:3

8uclear .waste:3

Renewa'le .lagging

technolog":3

See Kehew Fig. 1.8


6/27

Green%ose Gasses and

Glo2al *arming

Glo'al Warming

lags C9$spikes

C9$concentrationis higher than all

maximums during

the past ;110111

"ears

%nd still increasingm in a &ew decades3 /ncreased erosion

?looding

Su'merged in&rastructure


8/27

*ater esorces6se o& &resh water &rom the water c"cle

Sur&ace water Lakes

Streams

Groundwater Springs

%@ui&ers.extracted '"pumping wells3


9/27

*ater 3ycle torage and ransfertorage /n #1>kmA

4rans&er in #1>kmAB"r


10/27

?resh Water Withdrawal 4rends


11/27

?resh Water Withdrawal 4rends


12/27

%e 3radle of 3i0ili5ation

+rng from geology of t%e region

4igris River0 /ra@

http://encarta.msn.com/


13/27

*orld of Geology

4he Cradle o&Civilization .?ertileCrescent3

evelopmentlimited '"availa'ilit"0 e(g(0soil0 water0 energ"

Con&licts 'ased onresources0 e(g(0water0 minerals0 oil0energ"D http://encarta.msn.com/

Geological esorces


14/27

Geologic esorces

Mineral esorcesmetals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction


15/27

Geologic esorces Mineral esorces

metals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction

*ater resorcesLakes0 Rivers0 Springs0Groundwater


16/27

Geologic esorces Mineral esorces

e(g(0Metals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction

*ater resorcese(g(0Lakes0 Rivers0Springs0 Groundwater

Energy

e(g(09il0 natural gas0 coal0nuclear0 silicon0h"droelectric .dams30h"drothermal .Earth-s heat3


17/27

%e Geologist6s Jo2 7ocatingand

3%aracteri5ing

@uantit" and @ualit" o&

geologic resources E8tractinggeologic

resources e&&icientl"

Assessing

environmental e&&ects o&extraction and use

Geologic esorces


18/27

E(g(0 Misuse o& Resources


19/27

Misse of esorcesDesiccation of t%e Aral ea :a5a;%stan

www(grida(noBaralBaralseaBenglishBarseaBarsea(htm

19"

ee Page $

#"""

#""

%ral Sea

9ver 4ime

191919#194199!#"""


20/27

En0ironmental Geology En0ironmental ciences


21/27

Geology in t%e =e,s

4wo die in >(;magnitude

Earth@uake near

San Lois 9'ispo

Cali&ornia Earth@uake triggers

mudslides

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

Geologic Ha5ards

an Andreas >alt
http://www.usgs.gov/http://www.usgs.gov/


22/27

Assessing is;?Ma@or a;e 7i;ely to

tri;e an >rancisco

Bay egion Bet,een

#""! and #"!#C

F%ssessing Risks

F%voiding RisksF reventing amageF redicting /mpact

Geologic Hazards

.httpBB@uake(wr(usgs(govBresearchBseismolog"Bwg1$B


23/27

Eart%a;e

Bam ran

% Magnitude >(;Earth@uake hits astone and mud

house cit" o in /ran #$$>1A A10111 ead

A10111 Re&ugees 6S sends aid and

releases sanctions Relations improved

Photos

from AP


24/27

Geological Ha5ardsolcanoes .pg( #1I3

Landslides .see pg( $;13

[email protected]( $1$3

?loods .see pgs(0 $I23


25/27

Geology in Engineeringlo+e >ailre is; Assessment and 3ontrol

4o prevent slope &ailure engineers must understand the

geolog" that &orms and controls the slope


26/27

Geology in Engineering


27/27

Geology in Engineering

Committee mem'er John

5urland0 an engineer0

promoted soil extraction as the

'est wa" to save the tower(

In Pisa the tilted one is back inbusiness after an 11-year effortto keep it from collapsing

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

www(smithsonianmag(si(edu

Engineers se ;no,ledge of

geology to design +rotect

and correct strctres

Documents

Intro Class 07