Intra-Axial Tumors:

• Gliomas: One of the most common types of primary brain tumors arising from the brain tissue itself, gliomas arise from the supporting cells of the brain, the glial cells.

Astrocytoma: The most common form of glioma, arising from astrocytes.

Ependymoma: From the cells lining the ventricles in the brain.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (AKA grade IV glioma, malignant glioma): The most aggressive form of glioma.

Oligodendroglioma

• Hemangioblastoma• Medulloblastoma and other Primitive

Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNETs)• Metastatic Brain Tumor: Cancers that spread

from distant organs can also affect the brain.• Colloid Cyst

Extra-Axial Tumors:

• Arachnoid Cyst• Chordoma• Craniopharyngioma• Dermoid Cyst• Epidermoid Cyst• Meningioma• Pituitary Adenoma • Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Secreting Adenoma

in adults)

Extra-Axial Tumors:

• Cushing's Disease (ACTH Secreting Adenoma)• Endocrine Inactive Adenoma (NonSecreting Adenoma)• Gigantism (Growth Hormone Secreting Adenoma in

children)• Prolactinoma• Rathke's Cleft Cyst• Schwannoma • Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)• Teratoma

CharacteristicsArachnoid Cyst - a fluid-filled cyst that that occurs in the

arachnoid membrane around the brain.- compression of adjacent nervous system

structures.Chordoma -a rare tumor that is derived from primitive

remnants of a developmental structure called the notochord. the two most common locations -are the sacrum (the bottom part of the spinal column and a part of the pelvis) -the clivus ( a bone of the skull, located at the base of the skull just in front of the brain stem and just behind the nasal cavities)

Craniopharyngioma

-tumor which occurs in the region of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.- areas of calcification as well as cystic areas which are filled with fluid-. known as the sella turcica, or simply sella- largely in the supra-sellar region and can expand upward into the base of the brain in an area known as the hypothalamus (The optic nerves, the nerves carrying visual information from the eyes, are also in this region).

Dermoid Cyst - a benign tumor which arises from ectodermal (linings of the body, most notably the skin and all its appendages tissue) during development.

Epidermoid Cyst - a benign brain tumor that arises from abnormal cells being left in the nervous system during development. Ectodermal cells that normally form skin are trapped in the developing nervous system, creating a cyst which is lined inside with ectodermal cells.

- cerebellopontine angle ( CP angle) is the most common site in the nervous system.

Meningioma - One of the most common primary brain tumors. It is almost always a benign tumor that arises from cells of the arachnoid membrane

Pituitary Adenoma

Rathke's Cleft Cyst

SchwannomaAcoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)

on peripheral nerves, not in the brain or spinal cord itself.

Teratoma A teratoma is a type of tumor which is derived from abnormal development of embryologic cell types.