Intoxication by agricultural Intoxication by agricultural chemical poisoningschemical poisonings..

As. R. Bodnar

PesticidesPesticides (Latin pestis is a plague, contagion, (Latin pestis is a plague, contagion, caedere – to kill) are chemical matters which are caedere – to kill) are chemical matters which are used in agriculture for a fight against diseases used in agriculture for a fight against diseases and pests of cultural plants and destroying and pests of cultural plants and destroying weeds. Application of such matters is basis for weeds. Application of such matters is basis for the increase of the productivity, at the same time the increase of the productivity, at the same time the wide use of pesticides, in agriculture, the wide use of pesticides, in agriculture, constantly multiplies the contingent of persons constantly multiplies the contingent of persons which contact with them.which contact with them.

Pesticide spraying

Pesticides, depending on setting, Pesticides, depending on setting, divide by a few basic groups:divide by a few basic groups:

- substances which are used for a fight against insects are named - substances which are used for a fight against insects are named insecticides,insecticides,- for treating of plants from mycotic diseases – by fungicides;- for treating of plants from mycotic diseases – by fungicides;- preparations which are used for the delete of leaves of - preparations which are used for the delete of leaves of plants are defoliants;plants are defoliants;- for destroying weeds are herbicides, against bacteria are - for destroying weeds are herbicides, against bacteria are bactericides;bactericides;- for destroying of the mites – acaracides- for destroying of the mites – acaracides- rodents – zoocids;- rodents – zoocids;- larvae and caterpillar are ovicides.- larvae and caterpillar are ovicides.

Classification of pesticides Classification of pesticides according the chemical structure:according the chemical structure:

1. Chlorine organic1. Chlorine organic connections (chloridan, connections (chloridan, heptachlor, chlorten, polychlorpinen).heptachlor, chlorten, polychlorpinen).2. Phosphorus organic2. Phosphorus organic connections (karbofos, connections (karbofos, chlorofos, metaphos, thiophos).chlorofos, metaphos, thiophos).3. Mercury organic connections (granosan, mercuran, 3. Mercury organic connections (granosan, mercuran, mercur-mercur- gexan).gexan).4. Connections of arsenic (arsenat sodium, arsenat 4. Connections of arsenic (arsenat sodium, arsenat calcium, parisian greenery).calcium, parisian greenery).5. Derivates of carbamic acid (bethanol, carbin, sevin 5. Derivates of carbamic acid (bethanol, carbin, sevin and other).and other).

Classification of pesticides Classification of pesticides according the chemical structure:according the chemical structure:

6. Cyanides (cyanic acid, cyanamid of 6. Cyanides (cyanic acid, cyanamid of calcium).calcium).7. Preparations of copper (burgundy liquid, 7. Preparations of copper (burgundy liquid, blue vitriol).blue vitriol).8. Sulphur and its connections (colloid 8. Sulphur and its connections (colloid sulphur, sulphuric anhydride, ground sulphur).sulphur, sulphuric anhydride, ground sulphur).9. Preparations of vegetable origin 9. Preparations of vegetable origin (anabasine, nicotine, piretrum).(anabasine, nicotine, piretrum).

90% of pesticides used today are synthetic

On the method of entering organism of insects On the method of entering organism of insects insecticides divide by three groups:insecticides divide by three groups:

- contact action - perniciously influencing on - contact action - perniciously influencing on insects at a contact with different parts of their insects at a contact with different parts of their body;body;- intestinal action – at the hit of insecticides - intestinal action – at the hit of insecticides in the digestive system;in the digestive system; fumigants are chemical poisonings which get to fumigants are chemical poisonings which get to the organism of insects through the organs of the organism of insects through the organs of breathing as gases or pair.breathing as gases or pair.

The pesticide cycle

Intoxication by phosphorus organic Intoxication by phosphorus organic connections.connections.

Phosphorus organic connections are effective Phosphorus organic connections are effective insectofungicides and differ large biological activity. insectofungicides and differ large biological activity. From the hygienically point of view of matter of this From the hygienically point of view of matter of this group take large advantage comparatively with group take large advantage comparatively with chlorine organic connections; differ less firmness in chlorine organic connections; differ less firmness in an external environment. Their rapid destruction an external environment. Their rapid destruction diminishes the danger of hit in the organism of man diminishes the danger of hit in the organism of man with food products. Phosphorus organic with food products. Phosphorus organic connections quickly destroy at high temperature.connections quickly destroy at high temperature.

Phosphorus organic connections are used in Phosphorus organic connections are used in agriculture as pesticides for fight with pest of agriculture as pesticides for fight with pest of cotton, corn cultures, fruit-trees, decorative cotton, corn cultures, fruit-trees, decorative cultures, herbares and other. Some of them use cultures, herbares and other. Some of them use for elimination of flies, mosquitoes, vermin.for elimination of flies, mosquitoes, vermin.

All these matters are high-toxic for a man. All these matters are high-toxic for a man. In an organism poison gets mainly through the In an organism poison gets mainly through the organs of breathing.organs of breathing.

Intoxication by phosphorus organic connections can be as Intoxication by phosphorus organic connections can be as a result of inhalation of pares, hit on a skin and clothes, a result of inhalation of pares, hit on a skin and clothes, and with water and meal. Also dangerous is work in and with water and meal. Also dangerous is work in contact with these connections in the conditions of high contact with these connections in the conditions of high temperature which is instrumental in the increase of their temperature which is instrumental in the increase of their concentration in mid air, and also strengthening of their concentration in mid air, and also strengthening of their suction, through a moist skin and more rapid penetration of suction, through a moist skin and more rapid penetration of poison through the organs of breathing.poison through the organs of breathing.

Pathogenesis.Pathogenesis. After character of action phosphorus After character of action phosphorus organic connections behave to polyenzymes poisons, organic connections behave to polyenzymes poisons, however lead in development of intoxication is an however lead in development of intoxication is an overwhelming action on cholinesterase. During entering of overwhelming action on cholinesterase. During entering of them into the organism activity of cholinesterase is them into the organism activity of cholinesterase is repressed in blood and in tissues surplus amount of repressed in blood and in tissues surplus amount of acetilcholine accumulates, that result in acute violation of acetilcholine accumulates, that result in acute violation of transmission of nervous impulses in synapses and transmission of nervous impulses in synapses and excitation of central nervous system.excitation of central nervous system.

Except for cholinesterase, these matters operate Except for cholinesterase, these matters operate on other esterases – tripsin, lipase, esterase of on other esterases – tripsin, lipase, esterase of liver. Surplus maintenance in the organism of liver. Surplus maintenance in the organism of acetilcholine stimulates acute excitation of central acetilcholine stimulates acute excitation of central nervous system, spasm of smooth and lumbar-nervous system, spasm of smooth and lumbar-striped musculature, cramp.striped musculature, cramp.

In addition intoxication by phosphorus organic In addition intoxication by phosphorus organic connections results in violation of metabolism, connections results in violation of metabolism, increase of maintenance of sugar, lactic acid, increase of maintenance of sugar, lactic acid, phosphorus, decline of Ph of blood, violation of phosphorus, decline of Ph of blood, violation of penetrating of hematoencephalic border. The local penetrating of hematoencephalic border. The local operating on eyes causes the sharp narrowing of operating on eyes causes the sharp narrowing of pupils, decline of sight and accommodation.pupils, decline of sight and accommodation.

A crop duster plane sprays fungicide

Clinical pictureClinical picture

Basic symptoms of the acute poisoning by Basic symptoms of the acute poisoning by phosphorus organic pesticides are owing tophosphorus organic pesticides are owing to muscarinic action, nicotinic action and by the muscarinic action, nicotinic action and by the central action of acetilcholine.central action of acetilcholine.

Muskarinic actionMuskarinic action as a result of excitation of M- as a result of excitation of M- cholinoreceptions has a parasimpaticomimetic cholinoreceptions has a parasimpaticomimetic orientation and shows up by bradycardia, orientation and shows up by bradycardia, contracting of muscles which narrow a pupil, contracting of muscles which narrow a pupil, spasm of smooth muscles of bronchial tubes, spasm of smooth muscles of bronchial tubes, intestine, urinary bladder, stimulation of secretion intestine, urinary bladder, stimulation of secretion of lacrimal, salivary, bronchial and other glands of lacrimal, salivary, bronchial and other glands and acute vegetative violations of different organs.and acute vegetative violations of different organs.

Nicotinic actionNicotinic action shows up excitation of M- shows up excitation of M- cholinoreceptions and defect of striated muscles, cholinoreceptions and defect of striated muscles, which results in jerking of eye muscles, tongue and which results in jerking of eye muscles, tongue and other muscles of face, by appearance of other muscles of face, by appearance of nystagmus, fibrilation reduction of muscles of all nystagmus, fibrilation reduction of muscles of all body. body.

A central actionA central action owing to toxic influence of owing to toxic influence of acetilcholine on the cortex of cerebrum and prolate acetilcholine on the cortex of cerebrum and prolate brain, which shows up by headache, excitation, brain, which shows up by headache, excitation, parahypnosis, consciousness, psyche, cramps, parahypnosis, consciousness, psyche, cramps, paralyses, oppression and paralysis of vitally paralyses, oppression and paralysis of vitally important centers of prolate brain.important centers of prolate brain.

The easy form of acute intoxicationThe easy form of acute intoxication

- complaints for headache, dizziness, weakness in - complaints for headache, dizziness, weakness in extremities, somnolence, nausea, enhanceable salivation, extremities, somnolence, nausea, enhanceable salivation, stomach pain;stomach pain;- sufferings uneasy, narrowing of pupils, there is a - sufferings uneasy, narrowing of pupils, there is a spasm of accommodation and sight is violated;spasm of accommodation and sight is violated;- If the action of pesticides proceeds, as a result of - If the action of pesticides proceeds, as a result of bronchospasm appears hard breathing, feeling of bronchospasm appears hard breathing, feeling of compression in chest and dyspnoea, cough;compression in chest and dyspnoea, cough;- in lungs on a background of the hard breathing there - in lungs on a background of the hard breathing there are dry rales;are dry rales;

The easy form of acute intoxicationThe easy form of acute intoxication

- tachycardia which later changes on - tachycardia which later changes on bradycardia, and raises the arterial blood bradycardia, and raises the arterial blood preasure;preasure;- the decrease of cholinesterase is marked - the decrease of cholinesterase is marked in blood;in blood;a disease at the easy form of motion is finished, a disease at the easy form of motion is finished, as a rule, by convalescence.as a rule, by convalescence.

At middle degree of severity of acute At middle degree of severity of acute intoxicationintoxication

to the symptoms of previous stage addition;to the symptoms of previous stage addition;- a fever with increase of temperature of body to 40 º- a fever with increase of temperature of body to 40 ºCC, excitation , excitation which later changes for depression, feeling of fear, appears inadequate which later changes for depression, feeling of fear, appears inadequate reaction on external irritants;reaction on external irritants;- headache increases, appears expressed salivation and tearing, - headache increases, appears expressed salivation and tearing, hyperhydrous, a muscle weakness grows;hyperhydrous, a muscle weakness grows;- violation of breathing shows up by hard inhalation and exhalation, - violation of breathing shows up by hard inhalation and exhalation, with mass of dry whistling and moist large vesicles, little vesicles and with mass of dry whistling and moist large vesicles, little vesicles and vesicular rales;vesicular rales;- appear the signs of oxygen insufficiency, tachycardia which - appear the signs of oxygen insufficiency, tachycardia which changes on bradycardia, decrease of arterial blood pressure, a heart is changes on bradycardia, decrease of arterial blood pressure, a heart is extended, tones are quiet;extended, tones are quiet;

At middle degree of severity of acute At middle degree of severity of acute intoxicationintoxication

- there is increase of liver;- there is increase of liver;- grows the spasm of accommodation;- grows the spasm of accommodation;- muscle tone and tendon reflexes is decrease, ataxia, - muscle tone and tendon reflexes is decrease, ataxia, poverty of mimicry, constraint of motions is marked, jerking poverty of mimicry, constraint of motions is marked, jerking of separate groups of muscles of face and neck;of separate groups of muscles of face and neck;- development of psychosis with hallucinations or - development of psychosis with hallucinations or depression is possible;depression is possible;- In this stage may be stomach pain, nausea, vomit, - In this stage may be stomach pain, nausea, vomit, and diarrhea;and diarrhea; Activity of cholinesterase goes down to 50%.Activity of cholinesterase goes down to 50%.

The heavy (comatose) form of intoxicationThe heavy (comatose) form of intoxication meets rarely, sometimes it finished lethally. In meets rarely, sometimes it finished lethally. In the clinic of heavy form distinguish three stages: the clinic of heavy form distinguish three stages: excitation, convulsive and paralytic.excitation, convulsive and paralytic.

Chronic intoxicationChronic intoxication

- development of astenovegetative syndrome: - development of astenovegetative syndrome: headache, dizziness, feeling of weight in a head, decline headache, dizziness, feeling of weight in a head, decline of memory, parahypnosis, absence of appetite, nausea, of memory, parahypnosis, absence of appetite, nausea, general weakness;general weakness;- phenomena disorientation and violation of - phenomena disorientation and violation of consciousness takes place;consciousness takes place;- on ECG will be sign of myocardial dystrophy;- on ECG will be sign of myocardial dystrophy;- a liver can be enlarged;- a liver can be enlarged;there can be toxic encephalopathy in heavy cases.there can be toxic encephalopathy in heavy cases.

The diagnosis The diagnosis

of of acute intoxicationacute intoxication by phosphorus organic by phosphorus organic connections is proposed on the basis of connections is proposed on the basis of characteristic triad of symptoms. Pointing has a characteristic triad of symptoms. Pointing has a leading value on a contact with poison.leading value on a contact with poison.

Chronic poisoningsChronic poisonings by phosphorus organic by phosphorus organic connections it is needed to differentiate with connections it is needed to differentiate with astenovegetative neuroses, myocardial dystrophy. astenovegetative neuroses, myocardial dystrophy. By an important laboratory index which confirms By an important laboratory index which confirms the diagnosis of acute intoxication there is the diagnosis of acute intoxication there is decrease of activity of cholinesterase to 50 % and decrease of activity of cholinesterase to 50 % and anymore.anymore.

TreatmentTreatment

- Skin wash by water with soap, process them 2 % solution - Skin wash by water with soap, process them 2 % solution of hydrocarbonate of sodium or 5 % solution of ammonia;of hydrocarbonate of sodium or 5 % solution of ammonia;- Antidote therapy - cholinolitics and reactivates of - Antidote therapy - cholinolitics and reactivates of cholinesterase: at the easy form of intoxication intramuscular cholinesterase: at the easy form of intoxication intramuscular enter 1-2 ml of 0,1 % to solution of atropine; at middle and enter 1-2 ml of 0,1 % to solution of atropine; at middle and heavy degrees intoxications intensive atropinisation is conducted. heavy degrees intoxications intensive atropinisation is conducted. Once intramuscular enter 3-5 ml of 0,1 % solution of atropine, Once intramuscular enter 3-5 ml of 0,1 % solution of atropine, and then pass introduction of atropine to supporting. Injections and then pass introduction of atropine to supporting. Injections repeat oneself each 5-6 minutes to stopping of muskarinic repeat oneself each 5-6 minutes to stopping of muskarinic symptoms and appearance of signs of overdose of atropine symptoms and appearance of signs of overdose of atropine (dryness of mycoses, expansion of pupils).(dryness of mycoses, expansion of pupils).

- Together with an atropine enter tropacin, pentafen, proserine - Together with an atropine enter tropacin, pentafen, proserine are preparations which have good M- and N- of cholinolitic property.are preparations which have good M- and N- of cholinolitic property.- Simultaneously with cholinolitics apply reactivators of - Simultaneously with cholinolitics apply reactivators of cholinesterase – intramuscules enter 1 ml of 15 % solution of cholinesterase – intramuscules enter 1 ml of 15 % solution of dipiroxim, the repeated injection is conducted in 1-2 hours. As dipiroxim, the repeated injection is conducted in 1-2 hours. As reactivators use 40 % solution of isonitrosine for 3 ml intramuscules.reactivators use 40 % solution of isonitrosine for 3 ml intramuscules.- Symptomatic therapy. - Symptomatic therapy. - eyes are washed clean water and bury 30 % solution of - eyes are washed clean water and bury 30 % solution of albucid;albucid;- to wash a stomach with next introduction of enterosorbents - to wash a stomach with next introduction of enterosorbents (absorbent carbon);(absorbent carbon);

Intoxication by arsenic Intoxication by arsenic connectionsconnections

Arsenic connection is used in agriculture Arsenic connection is used in agriculture mainly as insecticides for staining of seed, mainly as insecticides for staining of seed, destroying the pests of garden cultures, rice destroying the pests of garden cultures, rice fields, malarial mosquito maggots and for a fight fields, malarial mosquito maggots and for a fight against rodents. against rodents.

Agrochemicals, Pesticides, Insecticides

In an organism connections of arsenic gets In an organism connections of arsenic gets through the organs of breathing and through the organs of breathing and gastrointestinal tract. Arsenic is easily deposited in gastrointestinal tract. Arsenic is easily deposited in a liver, bones, kidneys, nails, hairs. A leading out a liver, bones, kidneys, nails, hairs. A leading out from an organism takes place slowly through from an organism takes place slowly through kidneys, intestine, skin.kidneys, intestine, skin.

Clinical pictureClinical picture. In the clinic of acute intoxication . In the clinic of acute intoxication by connections of arsenic depending on the by connections of arsenic depending on the amount of poison which got in an organism and amount of poison which got in an organism and the way of his penetration there are catarrhal, the way of his penetration there are catarrhal, gastrointestinal and paralytic forms.gastrointestinal and paralytic forms.

The The catarrhal formcatarrhal form of acute intoxication appear from the hit of of acute intoxication appear from the hit of the aerosol of arsenic on the mycoses of eyes and breathing organs.the aerosol of arsenic on the mycoses of eyes and breathing organs.

- appearance of weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomit, by - appearance of weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomit, by sweetish taste in a mouse, feeling of fear, shaking, and painful sweetish taste in a mouse, feeling of fear, shaking, and painful cramps;cramps;

- there are an irritation and sharp hyperemia of mucosas of - there are an irritation and sharp hyperemia of mucosas of overhead respiratory tracts and eyes that shows up burning of eyes, overhead respiratory tracts and eyes that shows up burning of eyes, tearing, cold, sneezing, edema of mucus of nose, cough, sometimes tearing, cold, sneezing, edema of mucus of nose, cough, sometimes with hemoptysis and pain in thorax;with hemoptysis and pain in thorax;

- the signs of heart insufficiency, astenovegetative syndrome, - the signs of heart insufficiency, astenovegetative syndrome, and also symptoms of defect of gastrointestinal tract, appear later.and also symptoms of defect of gastrointestinal tract, appear later.

A A gastrointestinal formgastrointestinal form arises up more frequent at the casual arises up more frequent at the casual hit of poison in a gastrointestinal tract. hit of poison in a gastrointestinal tract.

- metallic taste appears in a mouth, dryness, swallowing, - metallic taste appears in a mouth, dryness, swallowing, incessant vomit (the masses of vomits have a garlic smell), acute incessant vomit (the masses of vomits have a garlic smell), acute abdomen pain, diarrhea. abdomen pain, diarrhea.

- the amount of urine diminishes;- the amount of urine diminishes;- the loss of liquid conduces to acute dehydration of organism;- the loss of liquid conduces to acute dehydration of organism;- an acute weakness, dizziness, develops, sometimes fainting - an acute weakness, dizziness, develops, sometimes fainting

fit, decrease the temperature of body and arterial blood pressure fit, decrease the temperature of body and arterial blood pressure goes down, the collapse state develops;goes down, the collapse state develops;

- in heavy cases the cramps of gastrocnemius - in heavy cases the cramps of gastrocnemius muscles, cyanosis, heart insufficiency, decrease muscles, cyanosis, heart insufficiency, decrease of arterial blood pressure can appear and in 1-2 of arterial blood pressure can appear and in 1-2 days after intoxication may be death as a result of days after intoxication may be death as a result of heart insufficiency;heart insufficiency;- in a few days after poisoning there can be - in a few days after poisoning there can be hepatic-kidney insufficiency, and in more late hepatic-kidney insufficiency, and in more late terms – polyneuritis.terms – polyneuritis.

A A paralytic formparalytic form appear at a hit in the organism of plenty of arsenic. appear at a hit in the organism of plenty of arsenic. - an acute weakness, somnolence, dizziness, and feeling of fear;- an acute weakness, somnolence, dizziness, and feeling of fear;- jerking of muscles quickly change falling of cardiac activity, comatose - jerking of muscles quickly change falling of cardiac activity, comatose

state and cramps;state and cramps;- a lethal end comes in the first days;- a lethal end comes in the first days;- if the patient survives - toxic encephalopathy (violation of language, - if the patient survives - toxic encephalopathy (violation of language,

coordination of motions, epileptiform cramps or hyperkinesias as chorea, coordination of motions, epileptiform cramps or hyperkinesias as chorea, declines of memory, psychoses);declines of memory, psychoses);

- during intoxication connections of arsenic can be trophic violations, - during intoxication connections of arsenic can be trophic violations, change of pigmentation of skin, nails, hyperkeratinizations, psilosiss;change of pigmentation of skin, nails, hyperkeratinizations, psilosiss;

- from the side of internal organs the dystrophic changes of liver are - from the side of internal organs the dystrophic changes of liver are marked, cardiac muscle and other organs.marked, cardiac muscle and other organs.

Chronic intoxicationChronic intoxication meets in persons, which long time meets in persons, which long time contact in the terms of productions with pair or dust of connections contact in the terms of productions with pair or dust of connections of arsenic, which get to the organism through respiratory tracts or of arsenic, which get to the organism through respiratory tracts or skin.skin.

- absence of appetite, hypersalivation, periodic nausea - absence of appetite, hypersalivation, periodic nausea and vomit, stomach pain, violation of stool;and vomit, stomach pain, violation of stool;

- pains in a nose and throat, hoarseness, cough, cold, - pains in a nose and throat, hoarseness, cough, cold, nose-bleeds, rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis;nose-bleeds, rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis;

- rush appears on a skin, ulcers and psilosiss;- rush appears on a skin, ulcers and psilosiss;heavy violations of metabolism result in considerable weight heavy violations of metabolism result in considerable weight

loss, defect of liver, kidneys, appearance of anemia.loss, defect of liver, kidneys, appearance of anemia.

Arsenic poisoning

Arsenic poisoning

Arsenic poisoning

TreatmentTreatment

- washing of stomach with next introduction through the - washing of stomach with next introduction through the probe of 25-30 g of sulfate of magnesium in 400 ml of water probe of 25-30 g of sulfate of magnesium in 400 ml of water or 100 ml of antidote of Strzhizhevskogo, that contains in 1 l or 100 ml of antidote of Strzhizhevskogo, that contains in 1 l of water sulfate of magnesium 3,75 g, to the bicarbonate of of water sulfate of magnesium 3,75 g, to the bicarbonate of sodium of 12,5 g, caustic sodium of 1 g and suppurated sodium of 12,5 g, caustic sodium of 1 g and suppurated hydrogen 0,4 %;hydrogen 0,4 %;- during the acute poisoning - 5 % Unitiol for 5 ml - during the acute poisoning - 5 % Unitiol for 5 ml intramuscular in the first days 3-4 times, on second and third intramuscular in the first days 3-4 times, on second and third – 2-3 times per a day;– 2-3 times per a day;

TreatmentTreatment- bloodletting of 300 ml with the next blood transfusion, intravenous - bloodletting of 300 ml with the next blood transfusion, intravenous introduction of 500 ml 5 % solution of glucose;introduction of 500 ml 5 % solution of glucose;- In the complex of antidote therapy are 15 ml of 20 % solution of - In the complex of antidote therapy are 15 ml of 20 % solution of thiosulphate of sodium which we give intravenous, 20 thiosulphate of sodium which we give intravenous, 20 млмл of 10 % solution of 10 % solution of the tetacin calcium on 500 ml of 5 % solution of glucose.of the tetacin calcium on 500 ml of 5 % solution of glucose.- During dehydration of organism we give intravenous 0,9 % solution - During dehydration of organism we give intravenous 0,9 % solution of natrium chloride, 5 % glucose.of natrium chloride, 5 % glucose.- At heavy intoxications prescribes corticosteroids, cardiac - At heavy intoxications prescribes corticosteroids, cardiac medicines, oxygen therapy.medicines, oxygen therapy.- During the expressed intoxication with the symptoms of kidney - During the expressed intoxication with the symptoms of kidney insufficiency Unitiol is contra-indicated. In such cases conduct a peritoneal insufficiency Unitiol is contra-indicated. In such cases conduct a peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis.dialysis, hemodialysis.

During chronic intoxication conduct symptomatic and vitamins therapy.During chronic intoxication conduct symptomatic and vitamins therapy.

Intoxication by chlorine organic connections.

Acute intoxication by chlorine organic connections -         General symptoms of intoxication: headache, dizziness, general

weakness, nausea, high temperature of the body.-         Sometimes there is jerking of muscles of hands and legs, their

tremor. There can be attacks of cramps in more heavy cases, tremor of hands, ataxia, and disorders of psyche.

-         The breathlessness, cyanosis, cardiac-vessels disorders, appears.

-         Complications are possible as paralyses, toxic encephalitis, which are combined with the symptoms of toxic hepatitis and nephrite.

In peripheral blood may be leucopenia, lymphocytosis, and increase of ESR. In urine find protein.

Chronic intoxication meets in persons who constantly contact with chlorine organic connections: workers of compositions and enterprises from the production of chemical poisonings.

Clinical picture of chronic intoxication

-         General weakness, irritate, insomnia, dizziness, headache, mainly in a frontal-temporal area, perspiration, decrease of appetite, emotional lability. -         Changes from the side of central nervous system are functional - an astenovegetative syndrome.-         Symptoms of diencefalic insufficiency and chronic toxic hepatitis.In blood will be leukocytosis, increase of ESR, decline of hemoglobin and red corpuscles.

Diagnosis. Characteristic signs of intoxication are not. To put diagnosis helps anamnesis, study of terms of labor, professional anamnesis, and with what toxic matters a patient contacted.

Treatment

-         A skin and mucosa is washed by 2 % solution of gidrocarbonate of sodium;

-         For diminishing of irritation a nose is buried by 2 % solution of Novocain;

-         eyes –30 % solution of albucid;-         it is necessary quickly to wash a stomach;-         After washing give antidote - mixture, which consists of 25 g

of tanin, 50 g of absorbent carbon, 25 g of oxide of magnesium, which is stirred in water and give to drink;

-         Through 10-15 min. - a saline laxative;-         Inhalation of oxygen;

Treatment

-         Intravenous 20 ml of 40 % solution of glucose and 500 mg of ascorbic acid;-         intramuscular vitamin B1;-         caffeine, cordiamin-         During expressed hypocalcaemia intravenous preparations of calcium;-         During chronic intoxication - symptomatic treatment;-         The vitamins C, B1, B2, B12, intravenous glucose with ascorbic acid, biogenic stimulators are prescribed.

Intoxication by mercury organic connections.

They are high enough bactericidal and fungicides characteristics and at staining does not have a negative influence on a corn, seed of vegetable and technical crops of bobs. That’s why they are basic pesticides that are used for staining of seed.

Pesticides of this group behave to the high-toxic matters and characterized the expressed firmness in an external environment and capacity for cumulating in an organism. Mercury organic connection in agriculture used as powders and solutions and at a failure to observe of rules of accident prevention can get in the organism of man through respiratory tracts, gastrointestinal tract, intact skin and mucosa.

A diagnosis we put when we have special clinical picture and information of anamnesis, which specify on a contact with mercury organic connections. The important diagnostic sign of intoxication is a presence of mercury in blood, urine, and at heavy intoxications – in a cerebrospinal liquid.

Treatment-         To wash a stomach and enterosorbtion;-         Antidote - Unitiol, intramuscular 5 % solution on a chart: in first days 3-4 times in 6-8 hours, on the second days 2-3 times, on third-seven days 1-2 times per a day;-         Intravenous enter 10 ml of 30 % solution of thiosulphate of sodium.-         During acidosis intravenous we give 200 ml of 3-5 % solution of hidrocarbonate of sodium.-         Symptomatic therapy.-         Hemotransfusion, hemodialysis.-         During chronic intoxication - Unitiol, the vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, and also symptomatic therapy and procedures of physical therapies.