Into 2 Com and Prog

7/29/2019 Into 2 Com and Prog

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/into-2-com-and-prog 1/13

Computer Science Department

Introduction To Computers andProgramming

Knowledge:

Understand the concepts of computer, hardware,software and programming

FTSM



TK1913-C Programming 2

What is a computer?

“A device or machine which can beprogrammed to receive data and performmanipulation, such as arithmetic calculation

and logic processing, and generate processeddata systematically” – DBP 1995




History of Computer

The 1st electronic computer was created by Dr John

Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in year 1930s at Iowa State

University. It was intended for postgraduate students in

nuclear physics to calculate complex arithmetics

ENIAC (electronic digital computer) was created in year

1946 at University of Pennsylvania under the American

Defense’s financial assistance. Its weight was 30 tans

and size was 30x50 square feet

1950 - now => Microcomputer (workstation),

minicomputer, mainframe and supercomputer




Computer Hardware Input Devices

Capture/receive input from users

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Execute instructions; compute, compare and transformdata

Primary Storage or Main Memory Temporary storage for data/programs

Output Devices Produce output/result

Secondary Storage Devices Permanent storage for data/programs




Computer Hardware

Keyboard (Input Device)

Speaker

(Output

Device)

Hard disk (Secondary Storage)

Memory i.e. RAM & ROM

(Primary Storage)

Floppy disk (Secondary Storage)

CD ROM, DVD ROM(Secondary Storage)

Mouse (Input Device)

Printer (Output Device)

Monitor

Screen

(Output

Device)




Computer Software Program

An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes thecomputer to behave in a predetermined manner.

Without programs, computers are useless. A program is like arecipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a

list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer whatto do with the variables. The variables can represent numericdata, text, or graphical images.

Software

An executable program that is run in the computer

2 types of software:

System Software

Application Software




Computer SystemThe diagram below illustrates the anatomy of a computer

system

User

App. Software

Syst. Software

Hardware




Computer Environment

Personal Computer

All components are directly connected and

not shared by others (stand-alone)

Time-sharing

Several users share hardware resources

Client-server Computer tasks are divided between central

computer and users’ computers




Roles of Computer

Data Processing

Transform raw data into organised and

meaningful information

Control

Control tools that are difficult to be controlled

by human

Design and Development

Data Communication




Concepts of Programming A planning process for a sequence of instruction

to be executed by the computer

Programming is performed to solve a particular

problem Phases involved:

Problem Analysis

General Solution (Algorithm)

Validation

Detailed Solution (Coding)

Testing




Programming Languages

Machine Language

Consists of code 0 and 1

The only language that computer understands

Symbolic/Assembly Language Uses symbols or mnemonic to represent machine

language instruction

Needs to be translated into machine language

High-Level Language Resembles human language. E.g. English Language

Needs to be translated into machine language




Types of Programming Structured

Pascal, C, COBOL, FORTRAN

Functional

Scheme, LISP Object-Oriented

Java, C++

Logic-based

Prolog

Scripts

Perl, Visual Basic, Javascript




End of Lecture 1

Yes !! That’s all?What’s next???

ALGORITHM on the

way …

Documents

Into 2 Com and Prog