1

InterventionsARC Chairperson Training

1997 Special Education Regulations

…providing incentives for whole-school approaches and pre-referral

intervention to reduce the needto label children as disabled in order

to address their learning needs

2

18 Years

3

707 KAR 1:300

Section 3. Referral System

(2) …ensuring that each child has been provided appropriate instruction and intervention services prior to referral.

(3) The LEA shall ensure that: (a) Prior to, or as a part of the referral process, the child is provided appropriate, relevant research-based instruction and intervention services in regular education settings, with the instruction provided by qualified personnel; and

4

707 KAR 1:300

Section 3. Referral System

(b) Data-based documentation of repeated assessments of achievement or measures of behavior is collected and evaluated at reasonable intervals, reflecting systematic assessment of student progress during instruction, the results of which were provided to the child’s parents.

Qualified Personnel

Personnel who meet the statutory or regulatory qualifications for each respective profession currently applicable in this state.

707 KAR 1:002 Section 1 (49)

5

6

Systems Model for Academics and Behavior

Academic Systems Behavioral Systems

5-10% Targeted Interventions5-10% Targeted Interventions

1-5% Intensive Individualized Interventions

1-5% Intensive Individualized Interventions

80-90% School-Wide Programming

80-90% School-Wide Programming

Decisions about tiers of support are data-based

7

Universal Screening

•Quick to administer and score •Provides quantitative data (a number)•Focused on foundational skills in a

subject area or basic behaviors•All students, 3 times a year•Identify above, on and below-grade

level students

8

9

Diagnostic Assessment

•Time to administer and score varies greatly  

•Provides qualitative data (names specific skills lacking) and sometimes quantitative data, as well.

•Focuses on foundational skills•All students placed in Tiers II or III by the

universal screener•Identify specific foundational skills for

focus in intervention

Research-Based Instruction and Intervention10

Research-based means the intervention has been accepted by a peer-reviewed journal or approved by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review

OSEP Comments to Federal Regulations FR, Volume 71, No 156, page 46683

11

Interventions can be…

PROGRAMS• Focused on a specific skill

deficit determined by a diagnostic assessment

• Evidenced-based and proven to work when implemented with fidelity

• Provided by qualified person

LEARNING STRATEGIES• Evidence-based and

proven to work when implemented with fidelity

• Must be implemented with fidelity specific to the strategy being used (not all strategies require the same intensity and/or duration)

12

Reading InterventionsExample

•Elementary▫Learning Strategy: Repeated reading

•Middle▫Learning Strategy: Self-questioning

strategy•High

▫Learning Strategy: Inference strategy

13

Writing InterventionsExample

•Elementary▫Strategy: Fundamentals of sentence-

writing strategy•Middle

▫Strategy: Proficiency of sentence-writing strategy

•High▫Strategy: Theme-writing strategy

14

Mathematic InterventionsExample

•Elementary

▫Strategy: CRA Instructional Strategy•Middle

▫Strategy: CRA Instructional Strategy•High

▫Strategy: CRA Instructional Strategy

15

Behavior InterventionsExample

•Elementary▫Strategy: Restorative Practices

•Middle▫Strategy: Restorative Practices

•High▫Strategy: Restorative Practices

16

Progress Monitoring Data Collection Tools•Must assess the targeted deficit•Must be consistent (specifically in relation

to difficulty/grade-level) over time•Must use to measure at regular intervals

Examples (not exhaustive):*DIBELS probes*Frequency Count*CBM *Interval Recording

17

Data Collection Schedule• The effectiveness of services and instructional

method is determined most efficiently when progress is measured frequently.

If Progress is Monitored Then Effectiveness May

Daily, as part of instruction Be determined within 2 weeks

Twice a week Be determined within a month

Weekly Be determined within a quarter (~9 weeks)

Quarterly Not be determined, even after a year

An Administrator’s Guide to Measuring Achievement for Students with IEPs

Progress Monitoring

Reasonable Intervals Collection and comparison of data points to

evaluate effectiveness of intervention and student progress

If performance is consistently around goal line, continue intervention.

If at any time multiple data points fall below the goal line, change or modify the intervention

18

Which of these pieces of data are necessary in the intervention phase?

• Screenings (health and universal)• Diagnostic/Benchmark assessment data• State and district assessments• Loss of instructional time due to discipline

issues and attendance• Classroom work and grades• Staff observations• Progress monitoring data• Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) and

Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)• Information from the parents

19

20

Decisions are based on…

Showing Appropriate Instruction and Intervention

Academic and Behavior Concerns▫Is there documentation the school tried

to address concerns? ▫Was the child’s instruction changed in

some way to try to address concern? Document strategies.

▫Did student receive any Tier 1, 2, and 3 interventions?

▫Is there on-going progress data?▫How was data collected and documented?

21

Prior to or as Part of a Referral22

In General Education Setting

IN GENERAL EDUCATION SETTING

In General Education Setting

Intervention Resources

National Center of Response to Intervention:www.rti4success.org

National Research Center of Learning Disabilities:

www.nrcld.orgIntervention Central

www.interventioncentral.orgNational Center on Student Progress Monitoring

www.studentprogress.org

A Guide To The Kentucky System Of Interventions (KSI)

24

http://education.ky.gov/educational/int/ksi/Documents/KSIRtIGuidanceDocument.pdf

http://education.ky.gov/educational/int/ksi/Pages/ksiIC_InterventionTab.aspx