Interpreting the Center: Mixed-Use Block for Amsterdam South

Interpreting the Center:MIXED-USE BLOCK FOR AMSTERDAM SOUTH

DSD: Amsterdam ‘Re’FiguredNeslihan Parmaksızoglu 4032489

Dr. Ir. Gerhard BruynsIr. Huib Plomp

Dr. Diego Sepulveda

November 10, 2011

Introduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level

DSD: Amsterdam ‘Re’Figured - Neslihan Parmaksızoglu 4032489



TIMELINE

Timeline research on global, regional and local networks which shaped Amsterdam from early 14th century until today.



TIMELINE Research based on networks

Team work with Dace Gurecka and Pinar Balat

agricultural production

textile

luxury commodities

tulips

colonies

immigration

polder model

Anglo-Dutch Wars80 years war

INTERNATIONAL SEA-TRADE

harbour

TULIPMANIA

WIC

voc

$

STATE

INDUSTRIAL MODEL1850-1970

SCHIPHOL

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT WWII

CLASS SEGREGATIONPOST-FORDISM

EU

Great Depression

Fordism

Technological Revolution

IMMIGRANTS POLICY

BERLAGE PLANSAUP

flex.acc.

urban renewal /housing periphery/

multinational resident composite

knowledge workers

urban renewal /business districts periphery/

service

city marketing

finance / real estate development

transnational corporationscolonies independence

Marshall Plan

global financial crisis 2008world oil crisis 1973

Enlargement of EU

transnational capital

$

decentralization

I amsterdam

private property rightsfree makrketfree trade

International Monetary FundWorld Bank

World Trade Organization

A

€

Dutch Golden Age beginning with the War of Inde-pendence; era dominated by religion; resulted with the acquire of a great commercial power in Europe.

Start of the knowledge age dominated by the tech-nological revolution; impact of fordism in production patterns; city expanding through control policies.

Age dominated by the flexible accumulation as a result of the knowladge development and industrial revolution; commercializing the image of the city; impacts on real estate; periphery con-cept; rise of the business districts.



URBAN MODELS Pre-industrial/Industrial/Post-industrial

Team work with Dace Aumele and Riccardo Carati



URBAN STRATEGY Main Business Districts

SLOTERDIJKmediacity administration

ZUIDASstock exchangelaw firmsbanksheadquartersconsulting agenciesWTC

SCHIPHOLheadquartersinformation technologies

CENTRUMretail

touristic business

AMSTERDAM ARENA

AMSTELVEEN

ZUIDAS

SCHIPHOL

CENTRUM



URBAN STRATEGY Economic flow



URBAN STRATEGY Area of intervention



URBAN STRATEGY Transportation

Ring road




Railway




Direct tram connection




Noord-Zuid Line (~2016)



URBAN STRATEGY Problems

SUB-ZONESCREATED BY PHYSICAL BORDERS





GREEN BORDERS







GREEN BORDERS

HIGH RISE





GREEN BORDERS

INTROVERTEDBLOCKS

HIGH RISE





GREEN BORDERS

SINGLE HOUSESINTROVERTEDBLOCKS

HIGH RISE





SINGLE/ROW HOUES

GREEN BORDERS

SINGLE HOUSESINTROVERTEDBLOCKS

HIGH RISE




HIGH RISE

- Presents an ambition for becoming more of a “mixed us-age” city centre including a wellbalanced combination of business, commerce, housing and public facilities.

- With these mentioned ambitions it is to gain a position shar-ing -or challenging- the long-term importance of Amsterdam Old Center.

- However -contrasting the one which described above- is creating an obsolete type of centrality.


- Further physical borders (scale, infrastructure)





- Possible social segregation- Gentrification





URBAN STRATEGY Intervention

- Physical situation- Impact of Zuidas

- Gentrification- Globalized neighbourhood

- Proximity to the center and Schiphol- Greenery/Empty space

- Locality/Local users

- Counterbalance between global and local- Creating parallel centralities+

STRATEGY

A GLOCAL TERRITORY







1 - MORPHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

2 - TYPOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

3 - SOCIAL INTERVENTION




MITIGATE BORDERS

AVOID BLOCKED CIRCULATION







MITIGATE BORDERS


LOCAL COMMERCE & LEISURE ACTIVITY






URBAN STRATEGY Levels of intervention

MITIGATE BORDERS


LOCAL COMMERCE & LEISURE ACTIVITY

ATTRACTIVITY








- Global economy reflected to the built environment does not fit in the traditional centers, mainly caused by the scale problems.

- This ”no-fit” results with economic shifts from centers towards the peripheral areas.

- The Zuidas development in progress is a possible cause of an economic shift in Amsterdam.

- This shift in the city economy has the potential of causing a shift in the urban life of Amsterdam inhabitants.

STATEMENTS Urban scale



- However the physical and economical scale of Zuidas is contrasting with the existing areas of Amsterdam south.

- Its overscaled character together with the surrounding infrastructure (high speed roads with many strips, tram lines, ring road) started to create social and physical boundaries, dividing the area in subzones.

- The triggering intervention for the development is decreasing the massive influence of the Zuidas Company in the south in order to prevent social segregation by the invasion of a new ruling class in the area.

STATEMENTS Area scale



- How the city itself should challange first the homogenization brought by the globalization not only in terms of institutional arrangements but also in the form of urban layout?

- How to provide an urban solution in which both local and global equally benefit from each other?

QUESTIONS





SITE



SITE

STATION ZUIDRINGWEG ZUID

WORLD TRADE CENTER

CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

DE BOELELAAN

GUSTAV MAHLERLAAN

BUITENVELDERT

VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM

Site



SITUATION De Boelelaan



SITUATION De Boelelaan: the block facing Zuidas

Site



SITUATION De Boelelaan - Vrije Universiteit

Site



SITUATION Zuidas and the border



Attracting scattered users (“diversity of users”, referring to the urban strategy) into a peripheral urban layout where they can coexist benefiting from the qualities of a traditional city center.

INTERPRETING THE CENTER The objective



FINANCIAL MODEL Existing model of Zuidas

Zuidas Financial Diagram, source: Majoor, Stan. Disconnected Innovations. Delft: Eburon, 2008.

40%

60%

PUBLIC

- Ministry of Finance (20%)- Municipality of Amsterdam (20%)

PRIVATE

- ABN AMRO Bank- Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten- Fortis Bank- HBOS (Bank of Scotland)- ING Real Estate- Schiphol Group- Rabobank- Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP (pre-selected financial institutions with expertise in development)




public & private parties


40%

60%

PUBLIC


PRIVATE


subsidize

- Ministry of Spatial Planning- Province of North Holland

- Amsterdam Regional Government- Municipality of Amsterdam





40%

60%

Owners of Infrastructure

land & infrastructure

functional demands

PUBLIC


- RWS (Public works and water management)- ProRail (Maintenance and extentions of the national

railway network)- Municipality of Amsterdam

PRIVATE


subsidize







40%

60%



functional demands

land valuestation area

+

PUBLIC



railway network)- Municipality of Amsterdam Composer BV ( to develop approx.

500.000 m2 of the most valuable land around the station)

PRIVATE


Dutch Railways

subsidize







40%

60%



functional demands

land valuestation area

+

PUBLIC



railway network)- Municipality of Amsterdam Composer BV ( to develop approx.

500.000 m2 of the most valuable land around the station)

PRIVATE


Dutch Railways

subsidize







FINANCIAL

SPATIAL

land



FINANCIAL MODEL Land

To be developed within the borders of Zuidas

Zuidas [SUB] Company



FINANCIAL MODEL Company/Community

Proposed “sub-company” to develop the land taken from Zuidas.




FINANCIAL MODEL Participants










PUBLIC ~80%

PUBLIC+PRIVATE ~20%

- provides parking and main infrastructure (existing plan)

- supervising- maintenance- provides funds for public facilities [~40%]- manages renting out of the commercial units

- provides funds for student housing and student related facilities (library, clinic, student cafe) [~40%]- manages renting out of the student housing

- owns the land- gathers small/local companies looking for opportunities in Zuidas- manages design, construction and sale/rent





land



FINANCIAL MODEL Framework


supervising





supervising

design & construction





supervising

design & construction off-site infrastructure & parking(existing “Dok” model)

Indicative cross-section of the Zuidas Dok, source: City of Amsterdam Physical Planning Department (DRO). “Vision Zuidas”. 2009. http://www.zuidas.nl/en/vision-zuidas





supervising

in-site maintenance(pedestrian paths & courtyards)

building maintenance& improvement





supervising

maintenance(student housing and student

related facilities)





supervising

sale/rent





supervising

sale/rent

for sale/rent for rent




FINANCIAL MODEL Framework ~2033

- scheduled completion of Zuidas (1) - increase of single housing demand (2)


supervising

2011 - - - - - - 2033one average housing unit ~100 m2

constructional advantage

two single units ~50m2

(1) City of Amsterdam Physical Planning Department (DRO). “Vision Zuidas”. 2009. http://www.zuidas.nl/en/vision-zuidas(2) http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Netherlands/Price-History







SITE Location

89% Living3% Facilities9% Working





SITE Total gross floor area

source: http://www.gisdro.nl/



SITE Configuration Process

Continuation of the existing routing




Unworked block




Volume + Connections 1




Volume + Connections 2Connection with the station square




Volume + Connections 3




Connecting squares




Sun oriented height configuration




Volume cuts




Multiplied volume cuts

HIGH STREET

HIGH STREET




Surrounding high streets

HIGH STREET

HIGH STREET




Surrounding secondary streets & routing




Alternative routing through courtyards




Alternative routing through courtyards







Designed building





DESIGN GUIDES

PUBLIC/COMMERCIAL SPACE: high street, shopping district, courtyard, sidewalk, transparent facade

References



DESIGN GUIDES


SEMI-PUBLIC COURTYARD: access, light, paths, greenery, quieteness

References



DESIGN GUIDES



ACCESS: public, semi-public, private, shared, logistics

References



DESIGN GUIDES



ACCESS: public, semi-public, private, shared, logistics

FACADE: pattern, diversity, cuts, openings, cantilevers

References

MORPHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION: in-between morphology, differing scale, allowing more pedestrian flow

TYPOLOGICAL INTERVENTION: city center patterns, mixed program, no specific areas, different user groups can use same zones

SOCIAL INTERVENTION: preventing different user groups and communities from being scattered in the urban scale



DESIGN GUIDES Cross-references/tools



DWELLINGDWELLING

DWELLINGSHOPPING

SHOPPING SHOPPINGFREE TIME

FREE TIME FREE TIMEHEALTH

CHILDCARE

STUDY

DESIGN GUIDES User groups

ELDERLY FAMILY STUDENT



DESIGN GUIDES User needs

DWELLING DWELLING DWELLING

SHOPPING

SHOPPING

SHOPPING

FREE TIME

FREE TIME

FREE TIME

HEALTH CHILDCARE STUDY

RESIDENTIALVOLUMES

FACILITYVOLUME

GROUNDFLOOR

ELDERLY FAMILY STUDENT



DESIGN GUIDES Volume

1



DESIGN GUIDES 1. Courtyard

A quite place away from chaos of the surrounding high streets.

1 2+



DESIGN GUIDES 2. Courtyard

Backyard function for cafés.

1 2 3+ +



DESIGN GUIDES 3. Cuts

Openings to make shortcut connections with the surroundings.

1 2 3 4+ + +



DESIGN GUIDES 4. Cuts

Openings to make shortcut connections with the surroundings.

1 2 3 4 5+ + + +



DESIGN GUIDES 5. Corner access

To highlight entrances.

1 2 3 64 5+ + ++ +



DESIGN GUIDES 6. Commercial floor

- Difference in floor height for commer-cial and residential functions.- Cantilever/arcade for pedestrian walk.

1 2 3 64 75+ + ++ ++



DESIGN GUIDES 7. Dwelling access

Shifted balcony-bridge connections for dwellings.

1 2 3 64 75 8+ + ++ ++ +



DESIGN GUIDES 8. Facade variation

- Random facade pattern for facility & student volumes- Regular facade pattern for residential volumes



VOLUME Program

Residential

Facilities

Commercial

Residential(student)



CONTEXT

CONTEXT Configuration

Primary parameter: sunlightSecondary parameter: height



CONTEXTPrimary parameter: sunlightSecondary parameter: height

- height of each repeated block is increased gradually

ConfigurationIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level



- height of each repeated block is increased gradually- height configuration is improved according to the sun direction



WINTER





SUMMER






- height of each repeated block is increased gradually- height configuration is improved according to the sun direction- corner emphasize both in building scale and urban scale











CONTEXT ConfigurationIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT Square orientationIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT High streetsIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT High streets + Secondary streetsIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT CornersIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT CornersIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


CONTEXT ContentIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


4 to 6 storeys

CONTEXT Content: ResidentialsIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


10 storey

8 storey

6 storey

4 storey

CONTEXT Content: Student housingIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


12 storey

10 storey

8 storey

6 storey

CONTEXT Content: FacilitiesIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level




PROGRAM

FACILITIESPublic library

NurseryClinic / Health Center

Gym

DWELLINGS12 Student Type (3 Private + 9 Shared)

13 Family Type (3 Small + 2 medium + 8 Large)18 Elderly Type

LEISURE3 Commercial

4 Catering

1 5m



PLANS Ground floor

0.00 m

Facility volume- entrance- multi purpose room- toilets

Commercial floor (south - high street access)- bars- restaurant

Commercial floor (north - secondary street access)- laundry shop- grocery shop- retail shop

Residential volume connection- bike sheds- entrances

Student volume- entrance- common space- toilets

Logistics entrance

Facility building entrance

Student housing entrance

Residential entrance

Residential entrance

1 5m



PLANS First floor

+4.32 m

Facility volume- public library

Residential volumes- 6 elderly units- 1 studio- 3 family units

Student volume- 3 student units

1 5m



Second floorPLANS+7.56 m

Facility volume- public library



1 5m



Third floorPLANS+10.80 m

Facility volume- kindergarden/nursery



1 5m



Fourth floorPLANS+14.04 m

Facility volume- medical center

Residential volumes- 3 family units- private terraces

1 5m



Fifth floorPLANS+17.28 m

Facility volume- gym

Residential volumes- 2 family units (mezzanine floors)- private and common terraces

+14.04 m

+14.04 m



Section - AASECTIONS



Section - BBSECTIONS



Section - CCSECTIONS



Type EDWELLINGSElderly apartment, 61-84 m2

- Wheelchair friendly design- Handicapped bathroom- Open space for comfortable circulation

kitchen + living room bedroom

bathroom

7.20m



Type F1DWELLINGSFamily apartment, large, 124-148 m2

kitchen

living room

storage

bedroom bedroom

bathroomWC

14.40 m

- Multiple bedrooms- Storage space- Terrace for the top floor units



Type F2DWELLINGSFamily apartment, medium, 118-122 m2

kitchen

living room

bedroom

bedroom

mezzaninestudy/guest room

bathroom

WC

7.20m

- Multiple bedrooms- Mezzanine floor- Terrace for the top floor units



Type F3DWELLINGSFamily apartment, small, 83 m2

kitchen

living room

bedroom

bedroom

bathroom

7.20 m



Type S1DWELLINGSStudent apartment, private studio, 51 m2

living space

bathroom

7.20 m

- Suitable both for students and singles- Separate unit access- Corner facade

S2

S3

S4



Type S2-S3-S4DWELLINGSStudent apartment, shared, 60-110-120 m2

14.40m

bedroom

bedroom

bedroombedroombedroom

bedroom

bedroom

bedroom


Interior: Small family unit - type F3


Interior: Elderly unit - type E


Interior: Student unit - S4, common area


FINANCIAL MODEL Sale/Rent

25644 m2 living space accomodating approx. 688 people

- 78 family unit, 8580 m2 total (~234 person)- 108 elderly unit, 7884 m2 total (~162 person)- 108 student unit, 9180 m2 total (~292 person)




rent sale/rent

+

FINANCIAL MODEL Sale/RentIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level



rent sale/rent

+

9180 m2 (36%)




rent sale/rent

+

16464 m2 (64%)

4939 m2 (30%) for sale11525 m2 (70%) for rent







STRUCTURE

Concrete construction = Regularity

7.20m7.20m 7.20m 7.20m 7.20m 7.20m 7.20m 7.20m



STRUCTURE

Steel construction = Exeptions

6.50m6.50m6.50m

7.00m7.00m



STRUCTURE

Main concrete grid shaped by the urban scale organi-zation.



STRUCTURE Structural configuration process

Courtyard opening.




Simplified loadbearing walls.




Transformation into columns for open space.




Separated volumes.




New grid for the separated volumes.




New steel grid.




Steel columns & loadbearing concrete addition.



COMPONENTS Structural configuration

Foundation piles ~13 m deep.



COMPONENTS Structural configuration

Ground floor (0.00 m level)



STRUCTURE Floor configuration

First floor (+4.32 m)




Second floor (+7.56 m)




Third floor (+10.80 m)





Fourth floor (+14.04 m)




Fifth floor (+17.28 m)



Hanging floors

Heavy steel truss construction



COMPONENTS

Hanging floors

Hanging cables & load distribution

Ground level



COMPONENTS

COMPONENTSIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


COMPONENTSIntroduction Research Question Proposal Urban Framework Architectural Configuration Building Level


Circulation

Vertical circulation system



COMPONENTS Circulation

Bridge-balcony system to access the residential units



COMPONENTS Rain water use

A1Drainage layer - 60 mmProtective mat - 10 mm

Waterproofing - 3 mmThermal insulation - 80 mm

Vapour barrier - 3 mmScreed laid to falls - 50 mm

Concrete on trapezoidal profile metal sheet - 100 mmSteel truss (lower part - L beam)

C1Precast concrete panel wall - 100 mm

Thermal insulation - 80 mmPermeable membrane - 3 mm

Ventilation cavity - 40 mmMasonry, coated black - 100 mm

B1IPN20 beam

Concrete on trapezoidal profile metal sheet - 100 mmMineral-wool impact-sound insulation - 40 mm

Screed with underfoor heating - 50 mmLinoleum floor covering - 3 mm

Steel cable to hang floors

Folded metal corner element I

Folded metal corner element II



DETAILS 1:20 Steel construction

D1Precast insulated panel - 180 mm

Permeable membrane - 3 mmScreed - 10 mm

Brick covering, coated black - 30 mm

E1Concrete slab - 300 mm

Thermal insulation - vapourproof - 80 mmWaterproof sheet - 3 mmSeparating layer - 1 mm

Screed with underfoor heating - 60 mmLinoleum floor covering - 3 mm

Precast concrete corner element

Circular steel column, filled with concrete, 400 mm diameter

Folded metal corner element II

Folded metal corner element I

Folded metal corner element III



DETAILS 1:20 Steel construction

A2Concrete flags - 30 mmDrainage layer - 60 mmRubber mat - 10 mmWaterproofing - 3 mmThermal insulation, extruded polystyrene - 80 mmVapour barrierScreed laid to falls - 50 mmConcrete slab (breedplaat) - 200 mmRender - 10 mm

B2Render - 10 mmPrecast concrete wall - 100 mmThermal insulation - 80 mmPermeable membrane - 3 mmVentilation cavity - 40 mmMasonry, coated black - 100 mm



DETAILS 1:20 Concrete construction

C2Render - 10 mmThermal insulation - 80 mmConcrete slab (breedplaat) - 200 mmMineral-wool impact-sound insulation - 40 mmSeparation layerScreed with underfloor heating - 50 mmParquet - 10 mm

D2Concrete slab - 300 mmThermal insulation - vapourproof - 60 mmWaterproof sheet - 3 mmSeparating layer - 1 mmScreed with underfoor heating - 50 mmLinoleum floor covering - 3 mm



DETAILS 1:20 Concrete construction

A3Render - 10 mmConcrete slab (breedplaat) - 200 mmMineral-wool impact-sound insulation - 40 mmSeparation layerScreed with underfloor heating - 50 mmParquet - 10 mm

B3Render - 10 mmPrecast concrete wall - 100 mmThermal insulation - 80 mmPermeable membrane - 3 mmVentilation cavity - 40 mmMasonry, coated white - 100 mm

Metal connection

Toughened-glass balustrade

Folded metal railing, smoothed

Entrance door, plywood facing, including thermal and sound insulation frame, fire resistent

200 mm impermeable precast concrete balcony slab, faces exposed

Cranked metal threshold



DETAILS 1:10 Walkway/Dwelling Entrance



FACADES


View from De Boelelaan


Courtyard view


Courtyard view


Courtyard view from the balcony walkway


View from De Boelelaan

Documents

Interpreting the Center: Mixed-Use Block for Amsterdam South