Communication Between Individuals

•TRAIT THEORIES “a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts” (Boeree, 2009)

Four dimensions

Two mental processes- perceiving and judging

Two mental orientations- where individuals draw energy and how they interact with world

16 personality types (e.g. INFJ)

http://www.personalitypathways.com/type_inventory.html

S, sensing

N, intuition

T, thinking

F, feeling

I, Introvert

E, Extrovert

P, Perceiving

J, Judging

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Emotional Stability (or neuroticism)

Intellect

Prominent Individualist cultures, United States, Canada, Western Europe, and Australia

Information is present in the messages and presented directly

People are comfortable in uncertain situations

Higher tolerance for different behaviors and opinions

Collectivist Cultures, Asian, South American, and African

Value Harmony and Solidarity

Expect others to know how they’re thinking and feeling and present messages indirectly

Not comfortable with uncertainty and avoid it

Men VS. Women

Women, more focused on a person and use language that is encouraging and focuses on feeling

Men, more focused on objects and use language that is more competitive and authoritative.

Sometime each gender can adopt some characteristics of the opposite group when working collaboratively.

Process in which you communicate by only using facial expressions, hand gestures, and eye contact.

Four Categories: Physical, Aesthetic, Signs, and Symbolic

Physical- facial expressions, tone of voice, and body motions

Aesthetic- creative expression

Signs- mechanical type of communication

Symbolic- makes use of religious statues

Face to Face Communication

Online Learning

INTRAgroup and INTERgroup Interactions

“Students who communicate face to face developed relationships more quickly than those who only communicate electronically”

IDENTITY—Management Theory, 1993

Tadasu Todd Imahor & William Cupach

We are constantly working towards a desired identity

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE, 1957

Leon Festinger

Attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviors among people will cause uneasy attitudes towards people we socialize with

No harmony

An individual cannot change unless he/she learns of new information or new experiences

Boeree, C. G. (2009). Trait theories of personality. Retrieved from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/gnpsytraits.html

Quenk, N.L. (2009). Essentials of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Assessment (2E). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Reinhold, R. (2009). Myers-Briggs: An Introduction of Personality Types & the MBTI. Retrieved from http://www.personalitypathways.com/MBTI_intro.html

De Radd, B. and Perugini, M. (Eds.). (2002). Big five assessments. Kirkland, W A: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers

Verderber, K.S. & Verderber, R.F. (2004) Inter-act: Interpersonal communication concepts, skills, and contexts. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.

http://bizmove.com/skills/m8g.htm

http://web.ebscohost.com