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Anders P. Mynster, [email protected]
Senior Consultant EMC & Wireless
March 2016
Interoperability within the IoT
ASICs enabling IoT
Technical details for THOR
Front-end comply with ISO 14443A-4 and ISO 15693
Fully configurable temperature logging profile in the
range -30°C to + 100ºC with accuracy: ±0.5°C (abs),
±0.1°C (relative)
16 bits linear low-offset Sigma-Delta
SPI master interface for auxiliary slave
openMSP430 CPU
Available as Tested Dies (KGD) or in QFN
DES encryption hardware support
12 K samples storage capacity
Firmware upgradable
Ultra low power tag storage mode (< 0.1μA)
Ultra low power clock -
optional external crystal
Can be operated with and without
battery power
External sensor can be attached
Levels of interoperability
Co-existence
Cyber security
Standards
System guidelines
IoT specific interoperability challenges
IoT definitions
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a framework in which all things
have a representation and a presence in the Internet. More
specifically, the Internet of Things aims at offering new
applications and services bridging the physical and virtual
worlds, in which Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications
represents the baseline communication that enables the
interactions between Things and applications in the cloud. –
IEEE Communication society
IoT-A Reference Architecture
Source: Internet of Things – Architecture IoT-A D1.5
IoT system components
ActuatorSensor
RF
App
Api
Thing
Analog
Digital
Rule based engine
Device security
Device management
Analytics Storage
Event
Trigger
IDRF IP
IoT system example
Nordic IoT centreRoad to Manufacturing Solutions
Concept validation
Services
Concept validation
State-of-the-art
Pretotyping
Context validation
Design panel
User interactions
Regulatory strategy
Quality Process
Business model
Cloud implications
Quality Process
Feasibility studies
Link budget validation
Environment evaluation
Perceptual evaluation
Conformance Req. Spec.
Choice of Wireless Tech.
System design
Requirement Specification
Prototyping
Sensor hardware
Sensor algorithm
Energy Harvesting
Battery lifetime
Risk Assessment
IC Design Services
Digital
Analog
Mixed signal
Layout
DFT
Foundry libraries
Optical sensors
RF
Power management
Ultra low power
Front-end
Back-end
IC manufacturing
Wafer purchase
Wafer storage
Wafer testing
Package design
Package Evaluation
Encapsulation
IC testing
Storage & shipping
Yield Analysis
Supply chain optimization
Supply chain management
LAT
HTOL
IoT device design
PCB layout
Design for manufacturing
EMS
Antenna Design
Prototyping
Small series
Scale to Volume
Embedded software
App development
Cloud implementation
Test & validation
Accredited conformance testing
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility(EMC)
Real-life RF environments
Environmental Impact
Product Safety Evaluation
Approval Management
Technical construction file
Extreme test
Software validation
Failure Analysis
Troubleshooting
Bluetooth DSRC 915 MHz Millenial Net 6LowPAN
Bluetooth ULP DSRC 5.7GHz Weightless LoRa
RF4CE EnOcean WirelessHD(HR PHY) LTE-M
ZigBee, 2.4 GHz MiWi, 2.4 GHz WirelessHD(LR PHY) IEEE 802.11ac
ZigBee, 915 MHz (USA) MiWi, 915 MHz (USA) WirelessHART KNX-RF
ZigBee, 868 MHz (EU) MiWi, 868 MHz (EU) ISA-SP100.11a SigFox
ZigBee PRO, 2.4 GHz WAP DECT 6.0 NB-IoT
802.11 FHSS 6LowPAN/IPv6 Cat-iq Clean Slate
Wi-Fi classic SimpliciTI GSM (2G) Analog
Wi-Fi 11a Sensinode GPRS/EDGE (2.5G) LTE-NB
Wi-Fi 11b
Wireless Desktop
Protocol UMTS/CDMA (3G) Ingenu
Wi-Fi 11g Synapse wireless HSPA (3.5G) HaLowTM
Wi-Fi 11n Scatterweb LTE Advanced (4G) TETRA
Z-Wave(EU) KNX UWB-WiMedia Proprietary
Z-Wave(US) DECT NFC (passive +active) UWB-WiMedia
Z-Wave(Far East) WirelessUSB(cypress) NFC active only
Ant RuBee WiMax(WiBro in Japan)
Wavenis Cwave(pulse link) RLAN
Wireless USB TransferJet Ensation
Wireless M-bus MediaFLO TinyMesh
Wireless Technologies
Standards for technical components
Source: IERC Semantic interoperability, March 2015
Levels of interoperability
"the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange data
and use information" - 3GPP
Technical – M2M, 802.11x, USB, RS485
Syntactical – HTML, XML, HTTPs, MQTT
Semantic – the meaning of the data
Organisational – meaningful data to support business via API
Shared
Concerns
Healthcare
Home & Building
Retail
Energy
Manufactur-ing
Mobility/Transpor-tation
Logistics
Media
17
IEEE P2413 – Stakeholder analysis
Utilities
Hospitals & Doctors
ICT infrastructure
providers
Public transport
companies
City authorities
Automation equipment providers
Application
developers
Consumer equipment providers
Appliances
providers
Manufacturing industries
Logistics
companies
Regulators
Consumers
Facility management
Insurance companies
* due to the diversity of IoT application areas only selected domains and
stakeholders are shown
Retail stores
P2413 - Architecture Framework Dev Process
Standards verticals and horisontals
Nordic IoT centre – the philosophy
• Simulations and ideas to be proven in the real world
• Partnership and community driven development
• Understanding IoT requirements
• Technological foundation
• Application centered
• Secure solutions
• Scalability
• Availability
Co-existence ERC/REC 70-03
Radio interference
22
WiFi
Wireless Camera
Cyber security
• Eavesdropper is listening in on data or commands to reveal
confidential information about the operation of the infrastructure
• Fake device is injecting fake measurements and data to disrupt the
control processes and cause them to ract inappropriately,
dangerously or can be used to mask physical attacks
23
Cyber security – Covering the basics
• OWASP IoT top 10 Seven strategies
– Insecure web interface
– Insufficient Authentication
– Insecure network services
– Lack of transport encryption
– Privacy concerns
– Insecure cloud interface
– Insecure mobile interface
– Insufficient security configurability
– Insecure software/firmware
– Poor physical security
Source: Tripwire - Defending industrial control systems with tripwire based on
- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center(NCCIC)
- National Security Agency (NSA)
Standards
Source: https://xkcd.com/927/
TR 103 375 on IoT Landscaping
• 329 standards identified– allocated to
• 7 vertical IoT Domains (LSPs)
• 7 Knowledge Areas (AIOTI WG3)
– 150 Generic Standards
• Common to 3+ vertical domains
– 179 Domain-specific Standards
• Over 70% of standards in– Communication and connectivity
– Integration/Interoperability
– IoT Architecture
• Common standards mostly in– Communication and connectivity
– Integration/Interoperability
– Device and sensor technology
– Infrastructure
TR 103 376 IoT Gap Analysis
• What gaps are
– Missing standards; missing APIs
– Duplications requiring harmonization
– Missing interoperability profiles
• Technical/Business/Societal gaps
– Security & privacy classified as Societal gaps
• Gaps Identification
– Survey in the IoT community (215 answers)
– Complemented by the STF experts analysis
• Dissemination of STF results
– Towards the IoT community e.g., LSPs
• Resolution of gaps
– Left to the proper organizations in the IoT commuiity
General requirements for an IoT system
• Regulation Compliance
• Autonomous Network functionality
• Auto-configuration
• Scalability
• Discoverability
• Heterogeneity
• Unique Identification
• Useability
• Standardised interfaces
• Well defined components
• Network connectivity
• Time Awareness
• Location Awareness
• Context & Content Awareness
• Modularity
• Reliability
• Security
• Confidentiality and Privacy
• Lagacy components
Manageability
• Risk Management
Source: Study Report on IoT Reference Architectures/Frameworks, ISO/IEC August 2014
Consider the application from multiple stakeholders
Look at interoperability in the perspective of
– Technical
– Syntactic
– Semantic
– Organisational
Remember that you are not alone in the world
– Co-existence
– Cyber security
Standard landscape reports – remeber the requirements
Conclusion
Thank you for your attention
Anders P. Mynster, [email protected]
Senior Consultant EMC & Wireless
November 2016