INTERNSHIP REPORT

2015

BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology

Internship Industry- Mark Designers ltd.

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I express my thanks and gratitude to Mark Designers limited’s owner, General Manager, Production Manager, Senior Merchandisers and other employees in mid-level and low-level for helping me in my internship. If they weren’t helping me, it wouldn’t be so easy to gather knowledge and get experienced. So, I deeply thank those peoples in Mark Designers ltd.

My supervisor M. Mahbubur Rahman (M.B.A) always shows me the path where I can find my information. He guided me to make my internship valuable. And I had learnt many things about industry, merchandising etc. by him.

I would like to extend my gratitude to Sr. Merchandiser Mr. Shiplu Rahman for his feedback. I used to work under his team. And that was a perfect team with some intelligent merchandisers. By this I had a lot to know, to achieve experience by their work. That was a wonderful experience in my life.

Finally, I am going to thank Mr. Ejaj Ahmed the owner of the industry. He has been related in this sector since 1990s. And founded the whole industry by his own effort. He is a hard working man, honest, very punctual and intelligent. Those make him a good person. My internship won’t be done without him. So I’m grateful to this man always.

And thanks to my honorable person my mentor Mohammad Obaidullah Sr. Asst. professor & Proctor in BUFT. He made me to do this, and this is the reason I am able to submit the report. It is really helpful for my future and my first step to future life.

BUFT

2016

Abstract

In present time, Bangladesh is best known for its clothing industry. Around 5000 or more RMG industries are related to manufacturing and exporting garments. Knit garments are playing very much important role in this sector. It includes T-shirt, Denim products etc.

Mark Designers ltd. is one of the superior and 90’s industry in this sector. It produces denim products like- Jeans, shorts, jackets, denim shirts, kids wear etc. And the buyers are- ZARA, C & A, GARCIA, ALCOTT, NO EXCESS, SPRINGIELD, KIABI etc. It is a well reputed industry in our country over years. It has Sisters Company like, Mark wear ltd, Mark 2000 ltd, Mark wash & dyeing ltd etc.

In Mark Designers ltd. there are each department well divided and well managed. So it is so easy to move from one department to another. It can do time saving also. In a industry store is the heart of all. So, the workers managed it like that, it is clean and the products stored by its serial number. The product development department, where products are being developed and trends set by designers. The designers Mr. Mahbub managed well his department. In this department it also has a CAD room. The cutting department, sewing department is full of workers where they work with patient and love to each other. It’s like a family to them. The most important department is merchandising department, Where senior merchandisers works with their team, includes junior merchandisers, trainee. Mark Designers ltd. has couple of teams. Each team works with individual buyers. And it is also we managed. Commercial department of Mark Designers ltd. is so much good in work. They handle all the commercial works. After all departments it comes to Compliance department, likewise Mark’s compliance department take good care of the workers like- schedule fire training, fire extinguishers, workers rights, problems, immediate solutions, workers payment etc.

Overall Mark Designers ltd. is well organized industry in our country. Though it is not composite but still it can be categorized in well maintain industry.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……71.1 INTERNSHIP

OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….71.1.1 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT TARGETS…………………………………………….………..7

1.2 EXPECTATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………71.3 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………81.4 INDUSTRY ORGANOGRAM……………………………………………………….

……………………………………………….92. DEPARTMENT ORGANOGRAM………………………………………………………………………………….10

2.1 STORE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………102.2 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT(SAMPLE)…….…………………………………………………………………132.3 CUTTING DEPARTMENT………………………………………………………………………………………….152.4 SEWING DEPARTMENT…………………………………………………………………………………………..172.5 MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT………………………………………………………………………………..222.6 WASHING DEPARTMENT………………………………………………………………………………………..252.7 FINISHING DEPARTMENT………………………………………………………………………………………..262.8 QUALITY CONTROL/ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT……………………………………………………..292.9 MERCHANDISING & MARKETING DEPARTMENT…………………………………………………….31

2.9.1 COMMERCIAL…………………………………………………………….…………………………312.9.2 OFFICIAL……………………………………………….………………………………………………31

2.10 COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….32

3. LACKS OF MARKS DESIGNERS LTD…………………………………………………………………………….334. STRENGTH OF MARK DESIGNERS LTD……………………………………………………………………….335. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………33

5.1 INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………..…335.2 RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................…...33

5.2.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE INTERNSHIP COMPANY…………………………..………….335.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE INTERNSHIP COMPANY…………………………………......34

SPECIAL TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………..35

1.2 HISTORY OF WORKER UNREST………………………………………………………..………………………351.3 WORKER UNREST IN RMG SECTOR OF BANGLADESH……………………………………………..361.4 IMPACT OF WORKER UNREST…………………………………………………………………………………381.5 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39

1. Introduction

1.1 Internship Objectives

The reason behind internship is to develop ourselves by experience and knowledge through 3 month. This is the only chance to prepare ourselves for future professionals. And the duration in not so long, it’s just about for 3/2 months. But in this time we have to get valuable knowledge’s what we can.

Working as a trainee merchandiser, performing duties and activities is a huge responsibility. So I setup my mind to do my job with perfection and punctuality. As a trainee it is not so easy task to do perfect. So the working environment is also very important to sustain. but every tough work could be easy if it can be done with concentration.

1.1.1 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT TARGETS:

During my internship, I want to improve my English language to conversations with buyers. Because language is the root to start. I also want to practice and improve the different skills I developed during my education such as:

Observing and researching different subjects Preparing industrial stages Planning and organizing Develop skills

1.2 Expectations

Before my internship began my expectation were high, because I was never in this profession before. So felt little nervous, But I also felt that life is changing. So I welcome the internship with open heart. And I made myself believe that every successful story has a start, either it is good or bad. But we have to start.

With the knowledge I obtained, I knew I could learn much and knew I could achieve my learning objectives. And finally I learnt many facts about what a merchandising deal with, what makes our country proud by RMG industry in the world. My expectations were not fulfilled but what I got is unforgettable.

1.3 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Mark Designers ltd.

It is a 100% export oriented woven readymade garments Manufacturer Company. It was established since 1995 in Mirpur. It has the only one owner who started his journey in this sector named Mr. Ejaj Ahmed. He is the proud owner of this wonderful industry. He also established the sister company of Mark Designers ltd, like- Mark wear ltd, Mark 2000 ltd, Mark wash & Dyeing etc. Here is the detail of Mark Designers ltd.

Factory Address – plot# 12-14, Road#03, Section#07, Mirpur, Dhaka- 1216.

Date of establishment – May 13th 1995

Total Factory Area – 47,201 sq. ft.

Production Area – 33,715 sq. ft.

Bonded warehouse – 8,437 sq. ft.

Total human resource – 850

Total Production Lines – 04

Total No. of M/C – 440 sets

Monthly Production Capacity – 1, 00,000-1, 20,000 pc

Products – Men’s/Ladies’/Boy’s/Girl’s/Kid’s clothing, especially Denim Long pants, Short & Long, Cargo pants, Chino pants, Long/short pants, Bermuda, Jackets & Skirts etc.

Client’s – Inditex: Zara, C & A, V & D, JBC, Garcia, Shoeby, Bristol, Spring Field, Jeans Center, LPP, Lake Side etc.

Export Country – Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Norway, Belgium, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Poland.

Website – www.markdesignersltd.com

1.4 INDUSTRY ORGANOGRAM

Mark Designers ltd.

ORGANOGRAMChairmanPeon/DriverSewing Sec.Sr.Off.(Pr)Officer(Pr)Asst.Off (Pr)Sewing Op.Sr.off(Qc)Officer(Qc)Asst.Off.QcS.Q.LF.Q.lStoreLabour

2. DEPARTMENT ORGANOGRAM

2.1 STORE

In store inventory is the stock of any item or resources used in an organization. It is the important part to do organize work.

Accessories Inventory:

Flow sequences of accessories inventory is given below

Import receive Physical inventory Swatch making Swatch approval from buyer Register/Record the entry Supply to sub store according to demand Issue to bulk production

Accessories inventory item:

Hanger size:Identify the size of the garment by hanger.

Label: Labels are the most important trimmings by which customer easily, know about the product. Here two types of label are available

1) Main label: It contains the name of buyer and country. Ex. ZARA, SPAIN etc.2) Sub label:

a) Size labelb) Care labelc) Washing coded) Bleaching codee) Ironing codef) Dry cleaning codeg) Drying codeh) Cost labeli) Compositionj) Barcode labelk) Alarm label

Sewing thread:

Different types of sewing threads are available in store room. Such as

40/2, 60 cone=4000 meter 20/2, 50 cone=3000 meter 20/3, 50 cone=2000 meter 20/6, 32 cone=1500 meter

Button:

Horn button Purl button Shank button Snap button Coconut button Chalk button

Amount determination of button:

There are two systems of determination the amount of amount. These are given below.

1. 1G.G=12 GRS2. Each cartoon contain 750 gross

1 gross=144 pcs

750 gross=1448*750=108000 pcs

Interlining:

Types of interlining are available in store room are given below.

Dot fuse Paper fuse T.C interlining Woven fabric fuse Non fuse etc.

Packing Section:

Various types of packing accessories are available in store room such as polybag, packing board, tissue, paper, hanger, scotch tape, gum tape, gum tape, cartoon etc.

Fabric Inventory:

The types of fabric defect are check in 4 point inspection system

Oil spot Missing yarn Dye defect Hole Color yarn Drop pick Net Knot Broken yarn Slub yarn Color shading

4 point inspection system:

Defects (length wise):Penalty point:

1. 0-3inch…………………………………………………….11.1. 3-6inch…………………………………………..…21.2. 6-9inch……………………………………………..31.3. 9inch & above…………………………………..41.4. Any hole & Miss pick………………………..4

Various types of fabric and accessories such as sewing thread, button, interlining, zippers, label etc. are stored in central room. Here also m/c spares parts and stationary are stored in store room.

The flow sequence of fabric inventory is given below:

Receive the fabric Pre-inspection Physician inventory Make the swatch card Prepare blanket shade Shade segregation Issue fabric to cutting room Fabric is separated and stored according to lot number.

2.2 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (Sample)

Product development is the very first stage of introduction of new style. The concept of new style or design is developed by fashion designers which is merely a design or sketch on the paper.

Product development is the business policy of the organization which includes the development of the new designs and styles within the organization. This activity brings the more business to organization, by showing pro-activeness in design development buyer also impress. The role of production merchandiser in this activity is plays very important role. Production merchandiser must keep update to buyer time about the product development done by industry.Production merchandiser asks design studio to develop some styleLab-dip/embroidery/patternsample trims are developed with supplier and development sample with yardage fabricQuality checked and costing is done by merchandiserPresentationwith buyer when buyer visits to factory or sent to buyer officecosting proposed to buyerFit and photo-shoot samples are prepared Order confirmation

There are mainly eight types of sample needed for completing a garment. Like

1. Proto sample2. Fit sample3. Size set sample4. Counter sample5. Salesman sample6. Pre-production sample7. Top over production sample8. Shipment sample

In sample room there is a sequence of work

- Patterno Consumption

- Sewing- Garment check- Quality inspection

Some special sewing m/s uses in sample room

Fit of Arm: it basically do chain stitch. One of the essential m/c for denim sewing. It sewing’s with multiple threads like 20/3, 20/4, 20/6. This m/c can use highly 12 threads.

Kansa: It is the most important m/c for yoke sewing in denim pant. Kansa m/c can do 2/3 needle sewing. It has no inner yoke. And it can use by 17 threads mostly.

Fedaring sewing: It used for mainly pocketing and also in T-shirt. Mostly can use by 5 threads and normally use by 4 threads.

2.3 CUTTING DEPARTMENT

When the fabrics are received it needs to be checked. Because, faulty fabrics can be supplied from dyeing and finishing. But the cutting section has to check it. Otherwise the end product will be faulty. And for this, quality inspector checks the fabrics.

Fabrics receive: In the stages of a cutting room the first stage is receiving fabric. And fabrics need to be check for its quality, size, and color.

Fabric Relaxation: This process for relaxation of fabric is applied for the original nature. When it comes from dyeing and finishing, the fabric remains hot. In dryer, stenter and compactor heat is applied on fabric. So, moisture of the fabric is removed. This is not an actual condition. If we keep the fabric in normal temperature and pressure for a certain time, the fabric absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and regains its original nature. And this process is called fabric relaxation.

Fabric relaxation time is varied from fabric to fabric. But the minimum time is twelve hours. This could also vary according to the buyer’s recommendation.

Relaxed Loop Elongated Loop

Marker Making: It is the main important chapter or stage for a industry to make profit or loss. It can do highest usage of fabric and for lowest wastage of fabric. Marker is a thin paper which contains all necessary pattern pieces for all sizes for a particular style of garments. The marker is placed on the material and provides guideline for cutting. Marker width is equal to the minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern sizes that will be drawn.

Preparations:

1. Marking grain line2. Fabric measurement3. Fabric faults4. Cutting table

Methods using for marker making:

1. Manual method2. Computerized method

Fabric spreading: It is for the cutting according to the marker. It can be done by manually or machine.

In manually, Worker laid fabrics in the table according to fabric width. Like

150 meter fabric to 1 lay= 164.04 yds.

=10 lay fabric.

Cutting: After completing fabric spreading then the fabric cutting is started. Fabric cutting have to done accurately as per pattern pieces in the marker. In manually cutting procedure some sides have to take care of, like sharpness of knife, attentiveness of operator, skill of operator. To avoid the problem of fused edge formation, the following steps may be taken

- Reduce the height of the lay- Reduce the cutting Speed- Use anti-fusion paper in the lay at regular interval- Lubricate the knife during cutting

Fabric cutting methods are as follows:

Manual Method Scissor Round knife Band knife Straight Knife

2.4 SEWING DEPARTMENT

After receive the garments components from cutting section, all the garments parts are joined and sewn as sequentially. Obviously all the components are respects on buyer requirement.

Sewing section is the most important department of a garment manufacturing industry. Sewing m/c of different types is arranged as a vertical line to assemble the garments. Sequence of types of sewing m/c arrangement depends on sequence of assembling operations.

Sewing sequence of denim pant manufacturing process:

Side topsinInside sewing by over lockLoop, waist belt joinElastic + Rib belt tuckLabel jointHem sewing Quality checkLoop Joineyelet hole makeWashButton attachzipperlabel(size, care)Steam ironingQuality checkPackingCartooning

After sewing, the sewing area is observed for any defects, if present which affects outlook. Normally it is expected that there will be no defective view of stitches, seam pucker or unsightly view.

There are various types of sewing problems found in sewing floor. Among these problems are stitch formation, seam pucker and fabric damage in the seam line.

Sewing problem:

Sewing defects are

Stitch formation Damage of fabric on seam line Seam pucker

Damage of fabrics on seam line:

Mechanical damage Needle heating damage

Various types of garments defect:

Broken stitches Broken buttons Different shades within the same Broken snaps Defective snaps Dropped stitches Loose/hanging sewing threads Exposed notches Missing buttons Inoperative zipper Needle cuts/chews Pulled/loose yarn Open seams Stain Zipper too short Unfinished buttonhole

Trims and Accessories:

It’s the essential part of a garment. There are a lot of trims and accessories used in a garment.

Trims The raw materials which are used in garments other than fabric are called trims. These are materials which are directly used in a garment.

Accessories which are used to decorate garment by not permanently attaching these are called garment accessories.

Here is a list of Trims & Accessories used in garment

SL Trims SL Accessories1 Button 1 Poly Bag2 Label(s) 2 Poly Bag3 Padding 3 Master Carton4 Zipper 4 Mini Poly Bag5 Interlining 5 Inner Carton6 Down 6 Size clip7 Thread 7 Tag pin8 Elastic 8 P.P.band9 Twill Tape 9 Brass Pin

10 Stopper 10 Collar Stand11 Logo Print 11 Scotch Print12 String/Draw Cord 12 Safety Pin13 Eyelet/Grommet 13 Tissue Paper14 Rivet 14 Numbering Stickers15 Velcro Tape 15 Carton Pad16 Seam sealing Tape 16 Both Side Tape17 Cable 17 Iron Seal18 Elastic Threads 18 Size Tag19 Shoulder Tape 19 Carton Sticker

Buttons:

Here is some kind of buttons

Pearl button Chalk button Horn button Jeans button Snap button: 2 ports, 4 ports Handicraft Coconut button

Wooden button Real horn button Real shell button etc.

Zipper:

Depend On End Depend On Teeth Size

3 sizes 4 sizes 5 sizes

Packing Accessories:

The accessories which is used for garment packing is called packing accessories. Here are some kinds of accessories

Poly bag, tissue paper, packing board, hanger, gum tape, scotch tape, carton etc. are used.

Type of carton:

1. Depend on paper Duplex carton Box carton

2. Depend on stitching3. Depend on ply

5 ply carton 7 ply carton

4. Depend on liner Outside liner carton

5. Depend on size Master carton

2.5 MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT

The job responsibility of this department includes maintain various m/c and equipment’s, Plant maintenance, store maintenance, servicing, repairs etc.

2.6 WASHING DEPARTMENT

For a garment wash is very much important. It gives a garment better look and softener the garment. For doing wash have to use various types of expensive chemicals. But if there is no skill n sound operator to do the process than it can cost a lot. But if the process maintained under good operator that it could be profitable.

Types of washing:

Wet and Dry processes are mentioned below-

I. Normal wash/Rinse washII. Pigment wash

III. Enzyme washIV. Stone washV. Bleach wash

VI. Acid washVII. Sand blasting & Hand scraping

VIII. P.P sprayIX. Overall wrinkleX. Permanent wrinkle

XI. Grinding & DestroyXII. Dip dyeing

Types of m/c used for washing:

I. Sample washing m/c(Horizontal/Vertical)II. Hydro extractor m/c

III. Dryer m/c(steam)IV. Dryer m/c(gas)V. Chemical mixer m/c

VI. Industrial oven(gas/electric)VII. Boiler

VIII. Grinding m/cIX. Sand blasting chamber

Sequence of process of any garment washing:

Lot size L-R Liquor ratio Temperature Chemicals Time

Stone Enzyme Wash:

It is the most popular wash in our country now days. A process of stone enzyme wash of 60 kg batch o Denim Long pant as mentioned below:

1st step: - Pre-Treatment/Designing

Batch size…………..60 kg Denim Long pant Add water at LR= 1:9…………………………540 liter Start the m/c. Temperature…………………..60 degree c. Add designing agent at 0.6gm/liter…………..324gm Add detergent/Anti stain at 1gm/liter….540gm Time……………………………15 to 25 min Drop the liquor

Second step: Hot wash

Add water at L R= 1.9…………………..540 liter Temperature……………………60 degree c. Time………………………..5 min

Third step:

Add water at L R= 1:8……………………480 liter Add pumice stone at ½ vol of garments Add Enzyme at 1.50gm/liter……………….720gms Add acetic acid at 0.6 gm/liter……………..288gms Add Anti stain at 0.8 gm/ liter………………..384gms Temperature………………..40 degree c Time (Depend upon the shade)………..60 to 70 min.

Then temperature raise to 90 degree c or 1 minute Drop the liquor Rinse twice, each 3 minutes. Then pumice stone out from washing m/c

Fourth step: Bleaching

Add water at LR=1:8……………….480 liter Machine running Add bleaching powder (k.g) at 10 gm /liter……………4800 gms Add soda ash at 5 gm/liter………………….2400 gms Temperature………………..60 degree c. Time (depend upon the shade)…….12 to 15 min. Drop the liquor Rinse twice, each 3 minutes

Fifth step: Neutral wash

Add water at LR =1:9…………..540 liter Add sodium hypo sulphite at 3 gm/liter…………..1620 gms Temperature……………….40 degree c Time………………….10 to 12 min Drop the liquor Rinse one

Sixth step: Soft wash

Add water at L R=1:8……………..480 liter Add acetic acid at 0.6 gm/liter…………..288 gms Cationic softener at 1 gm/ liter…………480 gms Time………………..5 min Drop the liquor Unload the garments to trolley

Seventh step: Hydro-extractor M/C

Hydro-extraction the garment to remove excess water from the washed garments

Eight step: Drying Machine

Load 40 kg garments

Set temperature…………75 degree c to 85 degree c Time…………….35 to 40 min Time……………..10 minutes in cold dry

Ninth step: Delivery

After quality checking garment will be delivery.

2.7 FINISHING DEPARTMENT

After sewing process the garments comes to finishing section. In finishing section there are some processes

Here sewn garments are received for finishing the garments Sewn garments are checked here by the quality controller. If found major sewing

problems then garments sent again to the sewing section for rectification. Sometimes garments contain various types of spots which are removed here carefully. It is one of the important processes in garments finishing. Here garments are ironed by

following measurement chart of that garments. After completing ironing or finishing, garments are inspected again here by quality

controller to confirm the correct measurement o the garments. In this section, hang tag have to attach with the garments. After completing all the above processes, garments are folded here. Garments are poly bagged here to keep the garments dust, dirt and other impurities

free. Send the garments safely in to the buyer. In this section, garments should be passed through a metal detector m/c to identify

metal lies in the garments. Finally all the garments should pack to send the garments safely in to the buyer.

2.8 QUALITY CONTROL/ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

The quality assurance section is assigned to maintain consistency for uniform quality of the material in process & various stages of garment manufacturing. In the garment industry quality assurance is practiced right from the initial stage of sourcing raw materials to the stage of final finished garment.

Accessories checkFabric inspectionshade segregation

Shrinkage testsize set checkMarker checkSpreading quality assurance cutting quality assuranceHard pattern checkpre-productiongeneral instructionInspector layout

In process auditTwo time process checkTwo time machine checkTwo time accessories checkWeekly in process summary100% in line process checksewing final checkFinishing 100% checkPre-final inspectionReady for final inspectionShipment

2.9 MERCHANDISING & MARKETING DEPARTMENT

There is two types o merchandising in Garment Company:

1. Commercial2. Official

2.9.1 Commercial They manage the export related document and ensure that the buyer LC is accurate. After production they also manage the document o shipment.

2.9.2 Official They manage the production process and see whether the product is produced regarding the requirement of the buyer and delivery the produced good within the shipment date.

Overall marketing /merchandising activities are as follows

Through various sources try to get garments order inquiry from buyer.

Study the order inquiry correctly and to decide If it is acceptable.

To collect the price of fabric and accessories this will be required for the inquiry order.

To assess the productivity of the item for the factory & also to assess the CM charges as

Per market rate.

If there is any other point to consider.

Make costing on the garments inquiry.

On the inquiry quote price to the buyer.

To finalize the price of the garments & to confirm the order with the buyer through bargaining.

To check the master L/C, garments order sheet & the other necessary documentsreceived from buyer.

To make the material estimate sheet for fabrics & accessories for the confirm order.

To get price of the fabrics & accessories from the suppliers to confirm the rate through bargaining.

To get samples of the fabrics & accessories from the suppliers to get approval of them from buyer.

To confirm the approval of the quality of the fabrics & accessories to the suppliers.

To place booking of the fabrics & accessories with the suppliers.

To receive proforma invoice from the suppliers for each of the item, to check them for all details & if all are ok then to give it to the commercial with proper note for

opening of all details & if all are ok then to give it to the commercial with proper note for opening of back to back L/C.

To keep the communication with the suppliers for timely production & shipment of the goods against booking.

To check the inventory report for all the items against the garments order & if there is any discrepancy, then to take necessary steps immediately so that production &

shipment of do not hamper.

To get all the necessary samples for the garments approved from buyer before goingfor bulk production.

To get the trim cards ready & to get it approved from buyer before going production.To get the production file ready with all the necessary documents & to deliver

same to the concerned people before going for production.

To making planning of garments production so that buyers garments delivery date can be meet.

To stat the production of garments orders timely.

To check that all details are being properly maintained in the garments production as per buyers instruction.

To give booking with the shipping/air lines for the space for shipment of the garments.

To ensure that the packed goods have been handed over to the shipping agencies for shipment after proper formalities of customs.

To fax/e-mail the shipment documents to buyer as soon as they are received.

To check that commercial has sent the shipment documents properly to the buyers bankas per L/C details.

To check with commercial that payment of the shipped garments has been received from buyer dully.

To keep the essential documents & samples reserved for some time after shipment

Of goods so that for any claim, if there is any, from buyer, the actual status can be understood.

2.10 COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT

The commercial department of Mark Designers ltd. Prepares pro-forma invoice for the respective buyer. The invoice includes the quantity of the buyers order, its unit price and total price.

The Commercial department also transfer master L/C on the name of selected supplier.

This department also maintains all clerical activities such as maintaining the accounts of daily transaction, maintaining payroll, keeping the accounts of daily expenditures etc.

3. LACKS OF MARK DESIGNERS LTD

Fail to attract big buyers Despite effectiveness and efficiency one of the weakness of Mark Designers ltd. its short capacity. It is derived from potential growth resulting from its present reputation, which could be achieved otherwise.

HR Department HR department is one of the essential and effective departments in an industry. This department handles workers salary, their benefits, holidays etc. But in Mark Designers ltd. there is no HR department. So many important works can’t be done for that reason. So there is no one to give training to the employees and appraisals to evaluate them.

Not International standard certified Mark Designers ltd. Is not ISO certified organization. Not to say that, being as a proof of quality, ISO certified is very much essential for the spreading of its market.

4. STRENGTH OF MARK DESIGNERS LTD.

Skilled workforce from its beginning Mark Designers ltd. looks into the combination of effectiveness and efficiency regarding its objectives. As a result within a few days it got the higher regard from its buyers.

Collaboration with suppliers To provide higher value in their value delivery process Mark Designers ltd. has built the long-term relationship with some competent suppliers. This collaboration makes this organization honest to its commitment of quality and scheduled delivery to its buyers.

Permanent buyers For its reputation of committed organization it has built a marketing network with some prominent buyers. These buyers are not easily vulnerable to each other factories, as they are satisfied with Mark Designers ltd. For its efficiency and effectiveness.

Long term relationship with buyers Mark Designers ltd. Honors the long-term relationship with their buyers. So the buyers remain loyal to the company. This is the reason long-term relationship with their buyers is strength of the company

5. CONCLUSIONS

5.1 INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE SUMMARY

The Past months of my internship have been very instructive for me. Mark Designers ltd. has offered me opportunities to learn and develop myself in many areas. I gained a lot of experience, especially in the merchandising department. A lot of the task and activities that i have worked. I worked in different department with different people, and feel like familiar work what I have studied in university.

As an additional benefit, I observed how they make plan to take an order, how they communicate with foreign buyers, how they plan to work. They take quick action and effective solution to a problem. They work as a family, team with lots of space.

The school work and real work is divided here. We learnt to do things in university is not same in real work. There are many substances in the professional world. Tasks, their solutions, processes, immediate actions all are different here. But my university study helped me a lot to understand the job nature. Sometimes I got opportunity to put my suggestions in a discussion. That was really a good experience.

5.2 RECOMENDATIONS

5.2.1 RECOMEDATIONS FOR THE INTERNSHIP COMPANY

Though Mark Designers ltd. is a superior industry but it has also some weakness previously showed. But those weaknesses also have to finish for the industry’s better future. But those problems would not solve only by high-level employees, mid and low-level worker also have to come forward.

Here are some suggestions that can be effective to the industry-

The industry is already a compliance industry. so it will be good for the company if they try to achieve ISO certificate. It will help them to attract buyers. And it is also a positive side for the factory.

In Mark Designers ltd. there is shortage of space. So it is a problem for production. If it is possible to extend some space then the production would not harm the storage.

The management should train their communication department employees. Because they always got engaged with lot of foreign buyers. So it is important to have a good business conversation.

The management should think about workers little more. Because there were some complains about holidays and overtime. The workers need proper wages and payment of their overtime and holidays. Then it will end up worker unrest.

5.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIVERSITY

SPECIAL TOPIC

WORKER UNREST IN RMG INDUSTRY

1. INTRODUCTION

Labor-force is an important input in industrial production and this is truer in garment industry of Bangladesh. Mechanization and automation have not diminished the role of human element in industrial establishments. In fact, the role of workforce has become highly critical in garment industry. Nor have the economic reforms belittled the significance of labor. Human resource is taken to be an important factor to increase productivity, improve quality and reduce costs; all necessary to survive in the competitive world. But the basic needs of the labor force must be mitigated. The socio-economic condition of labor force of RMG industry of Bangladesh, in no way, can be said well. As most of them are uneducated and unskilled, they get very poor salary in contrast to ever-increasing expense of livelihood. Very often they do not get their salary, bonus and overtime bills in time. In many factories they are forced to work long hours in unhygienic condition. Maltreatment by the mid-level officers is their common fate. As there is no provision for trade unionism, they don’t have any access to the policy-making process. In such a situation, they come to the street to raise their voice and involve themselves in vandalism and rampage. Despite having a significant achievement in national economy, labor unrest in this sector is diminishing all its credit. In order to survive in the quota-free competitive international market, addressing labor unrest has been a crying need.

1.2 HISTORY OF LABOR UNREST

History of labor unrest is as old as history of industrialization. Industrialization process requires two classes of people - owners or elite class and working class. History of the Industrial Revolution in England in late 18th century records the plight and struggle of working class people. Workers were to work for a long hours in an unhygienic environment for a low wage. They lived in shabby slums of Lancashire and London and were deprived of nutritious food, medicine and health care, education for their children. There were no day care centre and women with children had to work in the factory keeping their children asleep with sleeping syrup. Frederick Engels comments, in truth, they were not human beings; they were merely toiling machines in the service of the few aristocrats who had guided history down to that time.” He further says, intellectually, they were dead; lived only for their petty, private interest, for their looms and gardens, and knew nothing of the mighty movement which, beyond their

horizon, was sweeping through mankind”10. However, in course of time, government realized the importance of workforce and adopted welfare policies such as increasing wages, limiting working hours, providing trainings, establishing day care centers and schools for the children of the workers etc. and thus made an industrial revolution possible. The condition of workforce of RMG industry of Bangladesh which emerged in late twentieth century can easily be compared with the condition of working class in England at the outset of Industrial revolution. But the government as well as the owners association is yet to realize the importance of the workforce. Garments workers in Chicago fought against working 12 hours a day and seven days a week in 1886, some 125 years ago. Every year on 1st May, International Labor Day is observed in commemorating the sacrifice of garment workers in Chicago while the phenomenon still remains same in Bangladesh. The conflict of interests between buyer and seller of labor power has become conspicuous and this has led to the rise of trade union movement throughout the world. The tradition of the parallel development of the nationalist and the trade union movement, which has originated in British India, continued through the Pakistan period down to the birth of Bangladesh. Bombay Mill Hands Association, first of its type in India, formed in 1890 gave impetus to the trade union movement in British India. The establishment of ILO in 1919 provided a source of inspiration for the workers to organize themselves and shape their destiny. Birch Berberoglu, in his book ‘Class, State and Development in India in Historical Perspective’ observes, with the growth of industrial working class in India, conflict between labor and capital intensified. The capitalist assault on workers’ wage and democratic rights met with stiff resistance from organized labor and trade union movement and led to the radicalization of large segments of working class, whose demands became increasingly political. Threatened with these developments and fearful of a general social explosion based on a revolutionary alliance between workers and peasants, the bourgeois state became more 10 Mentioned in Introduction of ‘Condition of the working class people in England’ 31 repressive. It also opened its door to transnational monopolies, thus seeking refuge in imperialism. History is the evident that the outburst of workforce deriving from their struggle for a humble living can never be subdued. Coercive measures to disperse the agitation only infuriate the workforce which can take the shape of a revolution. Taking necessary steps to solve labor unrest in RMG industry is a demand of time.

1.3 LABOR UNREST IN RMG SECTOR OF BANGLADESH

Labor unrest has been a common phenomenon in the RMG industry of Bangladesh. Workers are being embroiled in clashes frequently; they call strikes often to make their demand home. It causes enormous loss to the owners, cripples the economy and tarnishes the image of the country aboard. It also makes foreign buyers reluctant to render future orders. In addition the industry is losing competitive edge for this. In July 2009, due to massive labor unrest, Hameem Group, a leading garment manufacturing factory incurred a loss of around 100 crore taka and

two workers died with resultant loss of 2000 jobs11. Causes of labor unrest are many. First and foremost is the long-standing grievance of the workers. The growth of RMG industry of Bangladesh much depends on hard work of the labor force. But unfortunately they are deprived of minimum facilities. They are to live a sub-standard life in city slums for years. The wage they get is low. Very often they do not get their salary, overtime bills and bonus in time. Their recruitment system is hiring and firing as they do not get any appointment letter and identity card of the factory and at any time they can be dismissed by owners for any reason. They don’t know anything about their job contract. Being maltreated by owners and mid-level officers, working long hours in congested environment without sufficient rest, lack of nutritious foods, medicine, right to legitimate protest against ruthless exploitations etc are their daily destiny. They don’t have any access to the decision making process. Factory building collapse, fire accident, stampede render many dead and injured. Nevertheless, if any worker protests against owners or management, he/she is threatened by various types of harassment such as dismissal, arrest or even physical assault by the hired hooligans of owners. Common causes of labor unrest in the RMG sector in Bangladesh are discussed briefly below. Most of the labor force of this sector are uneducated and unskilled and have come from rural area simply in search of livelihood. They have to work hard in return for a very poor salary. The detailed 4th wage structure for the garment workers is shown in the following table.

Grade with posts Basic House rent(40% of Basic)

Medical Allowance

Net Salary

Grade 1: Pattern Master, Chief quality controller

TK. 6,500 Tk. 2,600 TK. 200 TK. 9,300

Grade 2: M/C, Electrician, Cutting Master

TK. 5,000 2,000 TK. 200 TK. 7,200

Grade 3: Sample Machinist, Senior Operator

TK. 2,870 TK. 1,148 TK. 200 TK. 4,218

Grade 4: Sewing M/C operator, Quality Inspector, Cutter, Packer, Line Leader

TK. 2,615 TK. 1,046 TK. 200 TK. 3,861

Grade 5: Junior M/C Operator, Junior Cutter, Junior Marker

TK. 2,395 TK. 958 TK. 200 TK. 3,553

Grade 6: Operator of General sewing/Button M/C

TK. 2,230 TK. 892 TK. 200 TK. 3,322

Grade 7: Assistant Sewing M/C Operator, Assistant Dry Washing man, Line Iron Man

TK. 2,000 TK. 800 TK. 200 TK. 3,000

Table 1.3 4th minimum wage structure for the garment workers

Source: Minimum Wage Board

The board recommended the minimum wages in light of 10 issues — cost of living, living standards, production cost, productivity, cost of the goods produced, inflation rate, job pattern and associated risks, business capacity, socio-economic condition of the specific industrial sector and the country as well as other relevant issues.

1.4 IMPACT OF LABOR UNREST

Whatever might be the cause of labor unrest in the RMG sector, impact is, beyond doubt, catastrophic. All the four parties- the workers, the owners, government and foreign buyers will be affected. If labor unrest continues, the foreign buyers will cancel their orders and divert to other exporters like, India, China or Cambodia. Hundreds of factories will be closed. Many owners may be bankrupt. Labors, losing jobs will lose their livelihood and many will involved in criminal activities. This will create burden on the existing unemployment problem and increase various types of crimes in the country. The government will be deprived of huge foreign exchange and revenue income. The industrialization process of the country will be impeded. The foreign buyers, who could buy quality garments at a low price and make huge profit in the US or EU market will have to eye on another exporter country from where they have to count a high price for the same garments. Hundreds of businesses, grown based on RMG industry, will suffer. The whole economy of Bangladesh will be adversely affected.

1.5 CONCLUSION

Labor unrest is a social phenomenon of enormous complexity and it is very difficult to give any complete explanation of this phenomenon. It is a matter of controversy whether the predominant factors underlying labor unrest are economic or non-economic. It has been concluded that so long as income remained the all important means for satisfying human wants and needs, wage would continue to be major consideration in labor unrest. Labor force has been the most important factor in RMG industry. It is the labor force which can help the sector reach to the optimum goal as well as down it to the dust. Labor unrest originated mainly from deprivation and longstanding grievances of the workforce can diminish all achievement of the RMG sector. Hence addressing the problem is a crying need. Government is to play a vital role in addressing the problem. By formulating policy regarding management of labor force of RMG industry, by involving the workers in the decision-making process, by regular monitoring the factories and conditions of the workers, by evaluating the implemented policies and reviewing opinions of the stakeholders, government can help a lot to solve the problem and continue the success story.

REFERENCES-

https://www.ndc.gov.bd/lib....../Labor_Unrest_in_the_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh

http://mwb.gov.bd/