Internet Technologies -1

Internet Technologies - 1

Dr. Mohammed Al-AbdulkareemDr. Mohammed Al-Abdulkareem

© ©20062006

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• The Atlantic cable of 1858 was The Atlantic cable of 1858 was established to carry instantaneous established to carry instantaneous communications across the ocean for communications across the ocean for the first time.the first time.

• Although the laying of this first cable Although the laying of this first cable was seen as a landmark event in was seen as a landmark event in society, it was a technical failure. It society, it was a technical failure. It only remained in service a few days. only remained in service a few days.

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• In 1866 Subsequent cables laid they In 1866 Subsequent cables laid they were completely successful. The were completely successful. The cable remained in use for almost 100 cable remained in use for almost 100 years.years.

• When the phone was invented?When the phone was invented?• 18761876 by by Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell.

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• 19571957 - - October 4th October 4th - the USSR - the USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite.earth satellite.

• 1958 1958 -- February 7th February 7th - In response to - In response to the launch of Sputnik, the US the launch of Sputnik, the US Department of Defense issues Department of Defense issues directive directive 5105.155105.15 establishing the establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).(ARPA).

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• In 1969 Advanced Research Projects In 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on networking. First conduct research on networking. First ARPANET nodes connected.ARPANET nodes connected.

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• 1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN creates 1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN creates email program to send messages across a email program to send messages across a distributed network.distributed network.

• 1972: Tomlinson expands program to 1972: Tomlinson expands program to ARPANET users, using the "@" sign as ARPANET users, using the "@" sign as part of the address.part of the address.

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various interlinking packet networks of various kinds. kinds.

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", which specified in detail Interconnection", which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control the design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).Protocol (TCP).

• 1978: Part of TCP splits off, becoming the 1978: Part of TCP splits off, becoming the Internet Protocol (IP).Internet Protocol (IP).

Internet Technologies -1

History of the Internet

• In 1986, the UIn 1986, the U..SS. . National Science National Science Foundation Foundation ((NSFNSF) ) initiated the initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone provides a major backbone communication service for the Internetcommunication service for the Internet..

• In Europe, major international backbones In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networkscomputers on a large number of networks. .

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In 1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a In 1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on make and follow links between documents on microfiche.microfiche.

• In 1960 Doug Engelbart prototypes an In 1960 Doug Engelbart prototypes an ""oNLine oNLine SystemSystem" (" (NLSNLS) ) which does hypertext browsing which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so onediting, email, and so on.. He invented the He invented the mouse for this purpose.mouse for this purpose.

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In 1965 Ted Nelson coins the term In 1965 Ted Nelson coins the term "Hypertext" in "A File Structure for the "Hypertext" in "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing New York, Association for Computing MachineryMachinery

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS in 1967.Editing System and FRESS in 1967.

• In 1980 Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook In 1980 Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, "Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything", program, "Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything", which allows links to be made between arbitrary which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of bidirectional typed links. "ENQUIRE" ran on bidirectional typed links. "ENQUIRE" ran on Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III. Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III.

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In March 1989 Tim BL wrote "Information In March 1989 Tim BL wrote "Information Management: A Proposal" and circulated Management: A Proposal" and circulated for comments at CERN. Paper "HyperText for comments at CERN. Paper "HyperText and CERN" produced as background.and CERN" produced as background.

• In October 1990 Tim starts work on a In October 1990 Tim starts work on a hypertext GUI browser+editor using the hypertext GUI browser+editor using the NeXTStep development environment. He NeXTStep development environment. He makes up "WorldWideWeb" as a name for makes up "WorldWideWeb" as a name for the program. the program.

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In In January January 19921992 Line mode browser was Line mode browser was released it contains:released it contains:– Direct access to internet news groups Direct access to internet news groups – Direct access to " gopher " campus-wide information Direct access to " gopher " campus-wide information

systems etc.) systems etc.) – Browsing of remote directories using FTP. Before, Browsing of remote directories using FTP. Before,

files could be read - now you can browse around as files could be read - now you can browse around as well! Any FTP site becomes a W3 information source. well! Any FTP site becomes a W3 information source.

– Follow links directly to telnet (and rlogin) sites. This Follow links directly to telnet (and rlogin) sites. This allows hypertexts to point to online communications allows hypertexts to point to online communications facilities which don't have servers. facilities which don't have servers.

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In In April April 19921992 “Erwise” was released which “Erwise” was released which is GUI client for TimBL WWW with the is GUI client for TimBL WWW with the following features:following features:– MultiMulti font text font text – Links underlined, double click to jump Links underlined, double click to jump – Multiple window operation, optional single Multiple window operation, optional single

window mode. window mode. – Open local file Open local file – Searching of remote index: input field at Searching of remote index: input field at

bottom of window. bottom of window.

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• In In February February 1991993 NCSA released first 3 NCSA released first alpha version of Marc Andreessen's alpha version of Marc Andreessen's "Mosaic for X". "Mosaic for X".

Internet Technologies -1

History of WWW

• "We set up a telephone connection between us "We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at and the guys at SRISRI...," Kleinrock ... said in an ...," Kleinrock ... said in an interview: "We typed theinterview: "We typed the L L and we asked on the and we asked on the phone, phone,

• "Do you see the "Do you see the LL?" ?" "Yes, we see the "Yes, we see the LL," came the response. ," came the response. "We typed the "We typed the OO, and we asked, "Do you see , and we asked, "Do you see the the OO." ." "Yes, we see the "Yes, we see the OO." ." "Then we typed the "Then we typed the GG, and the , and the system system crashedcrashed"..."...