INTERNET OF THINGS Recent Advances and Applications

MengChu Zhou, Tongji University and

New Jersey Institute of Technology

What is the next Industrial Revolution?

The 1st answer

People producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and sharing it with each other in an “energy internet”

Industrial Revolution III =

Industrial Internet =

Intelligent Devices + Intelligent Systems + Intelligent Decisioning

The 2nd answer is from General Electric: Peter C. Evans and Marco Annunziata

INTERNET OF THINGS

(IoT)

Physical Attributes

Interface

R

Seamlessly Integrated

Object Identities

Picture by dobrych licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Smart Objects

Picture by joealterio licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Internet of Things : Anytime, anywhere, by anyone and anything – ITU, November 2005

Internet of

Things

Computing

Anytime

Any content

Content

Anyone

Anybody

Collection

Any Service

Any Business

Communication

Any Path

Any Network

Connectivity

Any Place

Anywhere

Convergence

Anything

Any device

WHAT are the proper

ARCHITECTURES for such IoT

Does it make sense to network physical objects?

ARCHITECTURE

Relevant information of physical objects = status + control information

IoT = integration of sensing, computation, and control

Electronic switch

Temperature sensor

ARCHITECTURE

Applications

Sensors/ Controllers

Network

Smart-grid Traffic Control Environmental

Protection Disaster Recovery

INTRANET of Things or “Net of Things”

WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

Applications

Sensors/ Controllers

Netwrok

Smart-grid Traffic Control Environmental

Protection Disaster Recovery

INTERNET OF THINGS

Generic protocols & Horizontal networking

Applications

Sensors and Controllers

Internet of Things

ARCHITECTURE OF IoT

HOW can one

IMPLEMENT them

Applications

Sensors and Controllers

Internet of Things

Internet

Proposal 1: Direct Use of Internet

IoT Requirements Proposal 1

1. Real-time

2. Privacy

3. Embedded computing

4. Scalable

5. Low cost, quick start

6. Marketing and profitable

Evaluation of Proposal 1

IoT Requirements Proposal 1

1. Real-time Not good

2. Privacy Not good

3. Embedded computing Impossible

4. Scalable Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good

Evaluation of Proposal 1

Applications

Sensors and Controllers

Internet of Things

A New Network

Proposal 2: Construction of a New Network

IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1. Real-time Not good

2. Privacy Not good

3. Embedded computing Impossible

4. Scalable Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good

OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible

Evaluation of Proposal 2

IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1. Real-time Not good Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk!

Evaluation of Proposal 2

Applications

Sensors /Controllers

IoT Services

Communication Service

Upper layer

Lower layer

Proposal 3: A Two-Layer System

IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3

1. Real-time Not good Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk!

Evaluation of Proposal 3

IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3

1. Real-time Not good Possible Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk! Feasible

Evaluation of Proposal 3

26

Applications

Sensors / Controllers

IoT service

IoT

Communication service

27

W-Internet

WInternet

Edge

Network

WInternet Backbone Network

WInternet

Device NodeWInternet

Device Node

WInternet

Gateway Node

WInternet

Edge

Network

WInternet

Device Node

WInternet

Gateway Node

WInternet

Access

Network

WInternet

Access

Network

WInternet

Backbone Node

WInternet

Backbone Node

WInternet

Backbone Node

WInternet

Backbone Node

WInternet

Backbone Node

WInternet

Access Node

WInternet

Access Node

Gate Protocol Gate Protocol

Pipe Protocol

HTTP Protocol HTTP Protocol

Pipe Protocol

W-Internet Architecture

Netlet Store

Naming Service

Search Service

Search Service

Naming Service

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

Link Link

Link Link

IoT Server Link

Link Link Link Link

Link Link

29

IoT Service Layer: System Structure

IoT Service Layer: System Structure

Search Service

Naming Service

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

IoT Server

Link Link

Link Link

IoT Server Link

Link Link Link Link

Link Link

30

Models Models

Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical

World Ports of Physical World Control Ports to

Members

Ports of Physical World Ports of

Physical World Ports of Physical World Image Ports

from Members

Control Handle Image

Local Processing Unit

Models Models

Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical

World Ports of Physical World Control Ports to

Members

Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical

World Ports of Physical World Image Ports from Members

Control Handle

Image

Local Processing Unit

31

IoT Service Layer: Node Design

Command Listener

Integrated Control Model

Fused Data Model

Information Dissemination

Command Execution Engine

Command Dissemination

Data Fusion Engine

Data Acquisition

Cyber Control Engine

IoT Server

32

IoT Service Layer: Node Design

Control Plane Control Data Data Plane

Upstream Linkage Protocol

Upstream Linkage Table Command Listener

Information Dissemination

Downstream Linkage Protocol

Downstream Linkage Table

Command Dissemination

Data Acquisition

Execution Rule

Compiler

Control Rule

Compiler

Fusion Rule

Compiler

Compiled Execution

Rules

Compiled Control Rules

Compiled Fusion Rules

Command Execution

Engine

Cyber Control Engine

Data Fusion Engine

33

IoT Service Layer: Node Design Diagram

WHAT are the existing

APPLICATIONS showing the promise of IoT

The iDigi® Device Cloud™ allows users to connect a physical device to the cloud and use an online Web application for remote access. The application converts complex device data into simple and useful information for anyone — from business owners who want to get message when refrigerator temperatures fall below a specific threshold to farmers who want to measure soil quality. iDigi also creates Internet of ANYThings content on their community site.

The Connected Home offering of AlertMe is based on ultra-low-power ZigBee-enabled devices scattered around the home, which are turned into internet devices via the proxy of a home gateway.

NIMBITS Nimbits is an open source data server built on cloud computing architecture that provides connectivity among devices using data points.

THINGSPEAK ThingSpeak is an open source “Internet of Things” application and API to store and retrieve data from things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates.

IOT TOOLKIT The IoT Toolkit is an Open Source project to develop a set of tools for building multi-protocol IoT Gateways and Service gateways that enable horizontal co-operation among multiple different protocols and cloud services. The project consists of the Smart Object API, gateway service, and related tools:.

SOFTWARE

Cyanobacteria Monitoring in Tai Lake Based on WInternet

WinternetServer

Pipe

WInternet Local Server3

WInternet Local Server2

WInternet Local Server1

Pipe

Pipe

Collaborative Monitoring and Tracking Vehicles with Multiple Cameras Based on Winternet

41

Speed License plate Traffic flow

Upload

Pipe

Upload

Pipe

WInternet Local Server2

Upload

Pipe

Upload

Pipe

WInternet Local Server1

WInternet Server

WInternet Local Server3

WInternet Local Server4

Material Tracking, Monitoring and Supervision in Toy Manufacturing

Raw material Semi-fin. product Finished product

Layered

classification

identification

Multimodal

information

perception

Multi-mode

integrated

transmission

Cloud

information

processing

Multi-level

application

services

Barcode Tag Barcode

Traceability

RFID Reader PDA Barcode Scanner

Sensing devices

Objects

Transfer Protocol

Objects in-out warehouse management Semi-finished products information collection

Reliable data transmission

Wireless WirelessCable Cable

Transfer Protocol

Warehouse WoekshopManagement office

… …

Database 1 Database 2 Database 3

Toy Design

Library

ComparisonData fusionData Processing

with transmission

Inventory management

Production information

transparent

Toys experience and

design improvements Toy Design

Library

Raw material Semi-fin. product Finished product

Barcode Tag Barcode

Objects

Workshop

Production

Ma

teria

l

Information center

Material storage

TemportarySemi storage……

B1 B2 B3 B4

或

Bn

…… 或

……A1 A2 A3 A4 An

……M1 M2 M3 M4 Mn

……Card

Wifi

Wifi

Raw MaterialWarehouse

Finished goods

Warehouse

Job shops

JA1 JA2 JAn……

Semi-finished Warehouse

W1 W2 Wn……

JN1 JN2 JNn……

JB1 JB2 JBn……

MaterialFlow

Production Workflow

Colla

borativ

e

DB1

DB2

DB3

Lib

rary

Dat

a

fusion

Data center

Collaborative Framework

Unit identification

Database

Questions?