INTERNET IS ON THE RISE - development-innovations.org

INTERNET IS ON THE RISE

Media consumption habits of young Cambodians

Research and Learning Dec 2016

METHODOLOGY

Nationally representative quantitative survey

2016 1,565 young Cambodians who are 15-24 years old.

2013 2,597 young Cambodians who are 15-24 years old.

Qualitative study

Two locations of Cambodia Urban and Rural.

14 Focus groups discussions

Young Cambodian age 15-30 years old

Data collection in October 2016.

Phnom Penh

Kampong Cham

All media access platforms is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place. Base: 2013 (n=2,597) and 2016 (n=1,565).

Traditional media is declining - radio faced the largest drop in the past three years. But internet access has increased a lot among Cambodian youth.

96 92 92

34

90 8671

48 45 43

0102030405060708090

100

Figure 1: Access to different media platforms in the last three years

2013 2016

90 86

71

4843

82 79

59

39

12

0102030405060708090

100

%

Figure 2: Overall and every week of media access among youth in Cambodia in 2016

OverallEveryweek

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565). Overall access is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.

Young people access mobile phone, internet and TV frequently

55

7075 77

94 95

40

71

38 40

84 88

0102030405060708090

100

%

Figure 3: Media access pattern in urban and rural among youth in Cambodia in 2016

UrbanRural

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565). Media access is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.

Urban youth have more access to internet than rural youth

How different young people access to different media?

Urban,High

education

Urban, Male, older young group, high

skilled young peopleUrban and Rural, Male

Urban, male, high education

Urban and older young

group

SNAPSHOT: MOBILE PHONE

• Mobile phone access is near universal amongst young Cambodians.

• Young people with access to smartphones are more likely to be male, living in urban areas, those from households with higher incomes and higher education levels.

• Metfone used to be the most used sim card company in 2013, but in 2016 Smart nearly had equal levels of use of their sim cards.

57%

90% 90%

Urban, high educated, and older young people have more access to mobile phone

9488 85

9586 87

96 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Urban Rural 15-19 20-24 Primary SecondaryHigh SchoolUniversity

%

Figure 4: Overall access to mobile phone by key demographics in 2016

Location EducationAge

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565); Usage of mobile phone is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.

85%

87%

89%

89%

89%

94%

98%

98%

100%

100%

50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Farmer

Student

Unemployed

Fisherman

Housewife

Unskilled Labour

Skilled worker

Businessperson, Industrialist

Technician Skilled worker

Civil servant

Figure 5: Main occupation of mobile phone users in 2016

Usage of mobile phone is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.Base: All respondents in 2016 (n= 1,565).

Those from higher income households are more likely to have access to mobile phone.

81% 82%

89%94% 94% 96%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

Figure 6: Household economic status of mobile phone users in

2016

Base:Level 1 (n=95) : We don’t have enough money, even for foodLevel 2(n=218): We can afford food but purchasing of clothes is a serious problemLevel 3 (n=630): We can afford food and clothes, but purchasing of durables such as TV set or a refrigerator is difficult for usLevel 4 (n=409): We can afford main household appliances, but purchasing a car is beyond our meansLevel 5 (n=140): What we earn is sufficient to buy anything except such expensive purchases as an apartment or houseLevel 6 (n=71): We do not face financial problems. If necessary we can buy an apartment or a house

The types of phones young Cambodians have access to are either a smart phone or a feature phone – with near equal levels of access.

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565). Respondents own any phone (n=1,097).

45%

45%

10%

Smart phone

Feature phone

Smart andFeature phone

70% of young people owned

any phone

• Similar to 2013 most young people accessed to mobile phone through personal phone (68% in 2013, 70% in 2016).

• Access is equal among both male and female.

Feature phone offers basic simple features, typical having black and white screen interface, allow user to call, text, listen to music and radio, game.

Smart phone offers many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps.

Males, those from urban areas, those with high education, those with higher household income were more likely to access a smart phone

Smart phone in Cambodia is cheap (a Chinese version is around 50-60 USD). Those who are male, living in urban areas, young people in university, have more access to smart phone.

Metfone sim card company was the main provider in 2013, but in 2016 Smart is catching up.

• Smart has done lots of promotions and has good signal coverage across the country which may account for this increase.

41

68

47 48

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Smart Metfone

Figure 7: Sim card company patterns among youth in Cambodia from 2013 to 2016

2013 2016

Base: Respondents in 2013 (n=2,597). Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565).

SNAPSHOT: INTERNET

• Internet is most accessed amongst those in urban areas and males.

• Young people in low skill jobs have least access to internet.

• Young people are in households with higher incomes have more access to internet.

• The vast majority of internet users access social media and Facebook.

57%

Access to internet increased from 2013 but urban and male young people are still the dominant group users

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565); Female(n=786), Male(n=779), Urban(n=309), Rural(n=1,256), 15-19 years old(n=890), 20-24 years old (n=675), primary(n=433), secondary (n=638), high school(n=379), university(n=80).

38%

57%

77

40 4552

26

44

71

95

0

20

40

60

80

100

Urban Rural 15-19 20-24 Primary Secondary High School University

%

Figure 8: Overall access to Internet by key demographics in 2016


Young people in university have high access to internet. Qualitative research revealed it was really important to them in daily life (school or work activities) and they have knowledge in using internet better than other groups.

Young people used smart phone to access to internet. Only student groups have access to variety devices like computer and iPad (qualitative).

22%

25%

36%

46%

50%

53%

62%

64%

82%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fisherman

Farmer

Housewife

Unemployed

Unskilled Labour

Student


Skilled worker

Civil servant


Figure 9: Internet user profile in 2016

Base: All respondents in 2016 (n= 1,555).

Young people in households with higher income are more likely to have access to internet

16%

28%

43%

63%68%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

Figure 10: Household economic status of internet users in 2016


Farmers and fisherman and those from lower income households have least access to internet. Though the internet cost is better if compared to 2013, it still poses a concern around cost for unskilled workers-farmer/construction worker (qualitative).

57%

36% 54%

Almost all young people who have access to internet usesocial media

75

3842

49

24

41

68

95

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Urban Rural 15-19 20-24 PrimarySecondaryHigh SchoolUniversity

%

Figure 11: Overall access to social media by key demographics in 2016


Access to internet is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,555)

95%Of interne users, use social media

Facebook is the most popular site, followed by YouTube

1%

2%

4%

10%

29%

76%

86%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Tumblr

Twitter

LinkedIn

Instagram

Google

Yotube

Facebook

Figure 12: Favorite social media of young people in 2016

Base: All internet users (n= 746).

Qualitative research revealed young people use all functions that Facebook has, while they access YouTube mainly for movie and music. Only university student sometimes access YouTube for tutorials or lessons (qualitative).

SNAPSHOT: TELEVISION

• The majority of young Cambodians are consuming TV.

• Nearly half of young Cambodians access TV everyday. Amongst those who did not access TV everyday, they watched it more on Saturday and Monday.

• Farmers is the occupational group who have least access to TV, mainly due to limited affordability of own TV set and signal problems. Many of them still watch TV content however by renting DVDs.

84%

57%

88%

Most young people have access to TV, but access is higher in urban and amongst those in higher education groups

94

84 87 8579

8793 95

0102030405060708090

100


%

Figure 13: Overall access to TV by key demographics in 2016


TV access is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place. Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565); Female(n=786), Male(n=779), Urban(n=309), Rural(n=1,256), 15-19 years old(n=890), 20-24 years old (n=675), primary(n=433), secondary (n=638), high school(n=379), university(n=80).

75%

77%

82%

86%

87%

90%

90%

91%

92%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Farmer

Housewife

Civil servant

Unskilled Labour

Unemployed

Student



Skilled worker

Fisherman

Figure 14: TV viewer profile in 2016


Qualitative research revealed farmers have less access to TV but they frequently use DVD player to watch drama or movies like Thai, Korea, or Chinese films. They watched it regularly (almost everyday) for about 4-5 hours per day. They rent the discs from district town which cost about 1000riels ($0.25) per movies (1.5 hours). They watched it together as a family and sometime with their neighbors.

Farmers have less access to TV if compared to other occupational groups

SNAPSHOT: RADIO

• Radio listenership has been dropped down from 2013 to 2016 from 92% to 71% and it is the same trend cross all locations and demographics of young people.

• In 2016, radio listenership almost equal penetration amongst those in urban and rural locations and different age groups.

• Young people listen to radio using both mobile phone and radio sets at an equal rate.

57%

Though declining, radio reaches urban and rural people almost equally and those of different age groups.

70 71 69 7364

7078

84

0102030405060708090

100


%



Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565)Radio is defined as ever having access in their household or in any other place.

68% 74%

In other Asian countries, radio is found to be accessed more amongst rural areas which was not the case in Cambodia. It is likely young Cambodian either in urban or rural are having similar preference about programme on radio. There are two mainly programmes (qualitative):1. Receiving update on hot news (domestic news like accident, fire,..etc) 2. The family/love consultation (Kru Monou), the programme can be found

from FM ABC, 102, VOA, RFA

57%68% 74%

20162013

93%90%

Radio access has dropped among all key demographics in 2016

Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565); Female(n=786), Male(n=779), Urban(n=309), Rural(n=1,256), 15-19 years old(n=890), 20-24 years old (n=675).

Base: Respondents in 2013 (n=2,597); Female(n=1,302), Male(n=1,295), Urban(n=520), Rural(n=2,077), 15-19 years

old(n=1,449), 20-24 years old (n=1,148),

9690 92 92

70 71 69 73

0102030405060708090

100

Urban Rural 15-19 20-24

%

Figure 16: Overall access radio access pattern among youth in Cambodia from 2013

to 2016

20132016

59%

64%

64%

67%

68%

70%

71%

73%

77%

91%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Civil servant

Housewife


Fisherman

Unskilled Labour

Farmer

Unemployed

Student

Skilled worker


Figure 17: Radio listeners profile in 2016


Middle-income household young people are more likely to have access to radio

54%

66%

74% 74%71%

66%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 6

Figure 18: Household economic status of radio listeners in 2016


High proportion of radio listeners accessed to radio using both mobile phone and radio set

46%73% 73%

NB. Circle size is not exactly proportionate to the size of the audience segment

Base: Respondents listened to radio (n=1,107). Radio set (n=811), mobile phone radio (n=809)

Radio set has been used more male (56% vs. 48%) and rural (53% vs 46%) young people.

Mobile phone has been used more by male young people (56% vs. 47%) and youth in better household income and education.

37%

57%

49%

Newspaper/magazines are accessed by more male, urban and high educational groups of young people

55

40 4146

22

44

60

71

0

20

40

60

80

100


%



Base: Respondents in 2016 (n=1,565); Female(n=786), Male(n=779), Urban(n=309), Rural(n=1,256), 15-19 years old(n=890), 20-24 years old (n=675), primary(n=433), secondary (n=638), high school(n=379), university(n=80).

11%

28%

31%

38%

44%

48%

51%

51%

53%

55%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Fisherman

Housewife

Farmer

Unemployed

Unskilled Labour

Skilled worker


Student

Civil servant


Figure 20: newspaper/magazine users profile in 2016


The better income household, high skilled, and students have more access to newspapers/magazines

21%

27%

43%

51%55%

51%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

Figure 21: Household economic status of newspaper/magazine user in 2016


CONCLUSIONS• Internet has grown substantially in the last three years if compared to other media

platforms in Cambodia among young people. Facebook and YouTube are still the most popular sites young people access to the most and they used smart phone a lot to access internet.

• The levels of mobile phone and TV access have remained similar in the last three years. The majority of young people access both regularly.

• Radio is the only media that dramatically dropped in the last three years among young people. Young people reported that with better access to internet and their ability to access information meant radio was less relied upon.

• Farmers and younger Cambodians are some of the groups with more limited access to media whereas groups such as students had a lot of access to different platforms –especially social media.

• Nationally, young people owned smart and feature phone equally and Metfone and Smart are the lead sim card companies that young people used the most.

Documents

INTERNET IS ON THE RISE - development-innovations.org