UNIT 1
55 / 66Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT
Internet & E-Commerce
UNIT 1THE EVOLUTION OF INERNET
Introduction:- Internet iwjs foo esa QSyk gqvk Computers dk ,d
,slk Network gS] ftlesa fofHkUu Computers ,d nqljs ls ,d Common
Protocol dk use djds Communicate djrs gSA ;fn gekjs ikl Internet
Connection gS rks ge fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij nqfu;k Hkj esa QSys
Computers ls Information dk vknku & iznku dj ldrs gSA
Evolution: - Internet dks 1969 esa Advance Research Project
Agency (ARPA) us cuk;k FkkA ckn eas ARPA dk uke DARPA (Department
of Advance Research Project Agency) j[kk x;kA T;ksa2 Internet dh
vko;drk c ljy djrk gSA
Internet Name Resolution: - Internet ij Domain Name System (DNS)
dk use website ds Text name dks gVk dj mlds LFkku ij IP Address
nsuk gSA DNS name InterNIC }kjk Record fd;s tkrs gSA InterNIC name
o Address dh ns[kjs[k djrh gS InterNIC ds ikl ,d Distributed
database gksrk gS ftlesa lHkh Domain names gksrs gSA tc dkssbZ
Client Computer fdlh website ls Connect gksuk pkgrk gS rks mlds
Domain name dh Request dks (DNS) dks Hkst nsrh gSADomain Name
Server lkjs foo esa gtkjksa Organizations esa fLFkr gSA DNS pkgs
x;s Domain name dk IP Address nsrk gS vkSj client dh Request dks
mfpr website rd Hkst nsrk gSA Applications of InternetInternet dk
mi;ksx fuEu dk;ksaZ ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS &
(i) Services & Employment lEcU/kh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds
fy;s(ii)fdlh Hkh fonskh Language dks lh[kus ds fy;s
(iii) World ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx esa Friend cukus ds fy;s
(iv) fdlh izfr;ksfxrk, Examination esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s
(v) vius fdlh Friend dks Electronic Birthday Card Hkstus ds
fy;s
(vi) vius euilan fQYeh flrkjksa ds Photographs ns[kus ds
fy;s(vii) Computer {kS= ds ckjs esa ubZ&ubZ tkudkfj;akW izkIr
djus ds fy;s
(viii) fdlh Electronic Zoo ;k laxzgky; esa ?kqeus ds fy;s(ix)
dqN t:jh Softwares Download djus ds fy;s(x) viuk Home page rS;kj
djus ds fy;s(xi) Chatting ds }kjk vius Friend ls ckrphr djus ds
fy;s(xii) Bussiness djuk etc.
Electronioc-mailE-mail ,d ,slk mailing System gS ftlesa ,d
Computer user fdlh vU; Computer user dks message ,oa information
Hkst ldrk gSA bu Informations ds Tramission ds fy;s Communication
Network dk use gksrk gSA E-mail user dks vuqefr nsrk gS fd og www
ij dqN Hkh search dj ldrk gS rFkk dSlk Hkh Message Exchange dj ldrk
gSA izR;sd E-mail user ds ikl mail box Address gksrk gS ftldh
lgk;rk ls mail send/Receive djrs gSA ;s messages E-mail ds through
fn;s x;s Address ij dqN gh Seconds eas igaqp tkrs gSA ge E-mail
Create djus, Read djus o Send djus ds fy;s Mail Program dk use djrs
gSA E-mail dks use djus ds fy;s fofHkUu Softwares use esa fy;s tkrs
gSA
E-mail Concepts: - E-mail System ds }kjk user nwljs user rd
messages Hkst ldrk gSA E-mail Send djus ds fy;s gesa Message
fy[kuk, Store djuk rFkk izkIr djus okys dks Message Receive djuk o
Download djuk vkuk pkfg;sAE-mail Client Server Environment esa dk;Z
djrk gSA blds fy;s geas Windows ij dk;Z djus okyk Software pkfg;s
rFkk ,d E-mail Post Office Program pkfg;sA bu nksukas ds fcuk
E-mail dk use laHko ugha gSA
How E-mail Works: - ,d user E-mail message Internet ds ek/;e ls
Hkstrk gSA ;g Message izkIrdrkZ ds Email box esa store gks tkrk gSA
Mail box ls Message dks dHkh Hkh izkIrdrkZ }kjk izkIr fd;k tk ldrk
gSA bl izdkj user fdlh dks E-mail Hkst ldrk gSA dqN E-mail system
Multimedia facility Hkh provide djokrs gSA E-mail djus ds Steps
&(i) E-mail Program dks start djukA(ii) To esa Receiver Address
Type djukA(iii) Message type djukA(iv) Message send djukAE-mail
Address: - Mail Box ds vUnj Address fy[kk tkrk gSA izR;sd E-mail
Account ,d E-mail Address gksrk gSA E-mail Address Hkh nks Hkkxksa
esa gksrs gSA(i) User ID (ii) Domain name
(i) User ID: - User ID dk use login djus esa vkrk gS tks fd
Internet Provide djokrk gSA(ii) Domain Name: - Domain name,
Internet name Provide djus ds fy;s use eas ysrs gSA User ID rFkk
Domain name dks @ ls Separated fd;k tkrk gSA tSls :-
[email protected]
tc dHkh ge E-mail Access djrs gS rks fuEu E-mail Protocols use
esa vkrs gS &(i) SMTP
(ii) POP
Finding Some ones E-mail Address:- ;fn ge fdlh other user dj
E-mail Address tkuuk pkgrs gS rks mlds fy;s gesa dqN steps fuEu
izdkj ls viukus gksrs gS &
1. ftl O;fDr dk Internet Address irk djuk gks mls lh/ks ;k
fy[kdj iwNuk A
2. ml O;fDr dk E-mail Address mlds Biodata ;k Business card ls
izkIr djukA3. Return Address, Return Path ls E-mail Address izkIr
djukA4. Automated Service ls E-mail Address Kkr djukAMain Parts of
E-mail: - fdlh E-mail ds fuEu rhu eq[; Hkkx gksrs gS &(i)
Header: - Header fdlh E-mail dk og Hkkx gksrk gS tks geas E-mail ds
fofHkUu fudk; ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA izR;sd Header dk ,d fufpr uke o
fufpr mns; gksrk gSA tSls : -
Return Path - E-mail dks Reply nsus okyk AddressDate - E-mail
Receiving date
From - Sender Address
To - E-mail Receiver Address
Subject Subject of E-mail
(ii) Message Body: - ;g fdlh E-mail dk og Part gS tks Email dk
Message j[krk gSA(iii) Signature: - ;g E-mail Hkstus okys O;fDr ds
ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrk gSA lkekU;r;k blesa O;fDr dk viuk uke] irk]
Qksu ua-] QsDl ua- bR;kfn fLFkr gksrs gSA
Working with E-mail: -
(i) Running the Mail Program.
(ii) Enter Login name and Password
(iii) Read incoming Mails from Inbox
(iv) Send any message from Outbox
(v) Reply Mail
(vi) Delete Mail and send it to Deleted Items.
(vii) Exit Mail Program.
Basic steps of Sending & Receiving E-mail MessageE-mail ds
rhu parts gksrs gSA(i) Receiver Address: - ftl O;fDr dks E-mail
Hkstk tkuk gS mldk Address Receiver Address esa fy[kk tkrk gSA(ii)
Subject line of Message: - E-mail dk Subject fy[kk tkrk gSA(iii)
E-mail Message fy[kus ds fy;s Message Box izkIr gksrk gSA
mijksDr lHkh fy[kus ds ckn Send buttom ij click djus ls Mail
receiver ds ikl pyh tk;sxh rFkk gesa ,d Message Your Mail Has Been
Send feysxkA ge vius E-mail ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh file Attach djds Hkh
Send dj ldrs gSA
Receiving E-mail: - tc dksbZ user Internet ij dke djrk gS rks
loZizFke og vius mail box esa vkbZ Mails dks check djrk gSA
lkekU;r;k New Mails ds lkFk lwpd gksrs gS tks ;g nkkZrs gS fd ;g
Mail ubZ gSA blds fy, mldh Subject line Bold eas gks tkrh gS ;k fQj
Bullet ;k Check mark New message ds vkxs yxk gksrk gSA fdlh message
ds contents dks ns[kus ds fy;s bls Highlight djds Enter key press
djrs gS ;k ml ij Double click djrs gSA
Replying E-mail: - fdlh E-mail dk tokc nsuk fdlh Hkh dks E-mail
Hkstuk gh gksrk gSA blds fy;s Hkh Sending mesaage okyh process
viukuh gksrh gSA
Deleting Mail: - fdlh mail dks Mailbox ls delete Hkh dj ldrs gSA
blds fy;s bl Mail dks Highlight (Select) djds Delete key press
djsaxsA vf/kdrj Mailbox Delete dh x;h mails dks Trash Mailbox esa
Mky nsrs gSA ;s ml Trash Mailbox eas rc rd jgrh gS tc rd ge bUgas
Trash Mailbox ls gVk ugha nsrs gS ;k Program ls ckgj ugha fudky
nsrs gSA
Exiting/ Quitting from E-mail Program: - fdlh E-mail program ls
ckgj fudyus ds fy;s File menu eas ls Exit option dks choose
djsaxsA
Merits/ Advantages of E-mail: -
1. Speed :- E-mail ds ek/;e ls ge fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls cgqr tYnh
Communicate dj ldrs gSA
2. E-mail ,d lLrk rjhdk gS ;g nwjh ij fuHkZj ugha djrkA3. E-mail
ls letters/messages ds lkFk2 files, photos etc. other documents dks
Hkh send dj ldrs gSA
4. Free lsok,sa miyC/k djkrh gSA
5. Permanent Address j[krk gSA6. geas E-mail izkIr djus okys ls
dksbZ Appointment ugha ysuk iMrk gSA7. E-mail Message ds [kks tkus
dk Mj Hkh ugh gksrk gSA8. E-mail izIr djus okyk O;fDr Hkh vojks/k
eglwl ugh djrk D;ksfd E-mail mlds Computer ds Message box es store
gksrk gSA
Demerits/ Limitations of E-mail
1. E-mail ,d Computer system ls nwljs Computer system rd fdlh
Network ds ek/;e ls Hksth tkrh gSA vr% fdlh vU; O;fDr dh E-mail i)
esa cUn fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% Tags tksMs esa (Opening Tag o
Closing Tag) fy[ks tkrs gSA Closing Tag Opening Tag dh rjg gh gksrk
gS ysfdu ;g Tag ,d Forward slash (/) ds lkFk izkjEHk gksrk gSA
Syntax: - ....
HTML dk Main Purpose fdlh Webpage dh Formatting dks O;Dr djuk u
gksdj Page dks create djus okys eq[; Hkkxkas tSls& Text
Structure, Title, Line Break, Paragraph vkfn dks O;Dr o iznfkZr
djuk gSA HTML esa Tag Hkh nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
(i) Container Tag
(ii) Empty Tag
(i) Container Tag: - og Tag tks fd Bracket, Text o Others parts
dks j[krk gS Container Tag dgykrk gSA Container Tag nks izdkj ds
Tags j[krs gSA
(ii) Empty Tag: - ;g Tag fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ Bracket, Text ;k
dksbZ vU; Hkkx ugha j[krk gSA ;g Tag fdlh HTML Document esa Stand
alone part dh rjg dk;Z djrh gSA
Attribute: - Attribute fdlh user dks ;g crkrk gS fd fdlh Web
Browser dks fdl rjg Tag dk use djuk pkfg;sA End Tag dks NksMdj
Start Tag Attribute dks j[k ldrk gSA
Syntax: - Attribute = Value
Example: - Align= Center
Head & Body Section: - fdlh HTML file dks cukus ds fy;s de
ls de pkj Tag present mifLFkr gksus vko;d gSA ;s Tags bl izdkj gS
&1. Html Tag
2. Head Tag
3. Title Tag
4. Body Tag
1. HTML Tags: - fdlh HTML document dk Starting Tag gksrk gSA ;g
Container Tag gS blfy;s blds nks Hkkx gksrs gSA (i) Start Tag (ii)
End ;k Close Tag
vU; lHkh Tags o Text dks bu o Tag ds chp es fy[ks tkrs gSA tSls
:- Syntax: -
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lkekU;r% Tag ds Hkhrj dsoy Tag dks gh fy[kk tkrk gSA
Syntax: -
My First Web Page
;fn ge Tag dk use ugha djsaxs vFkkZr~ Title ugha nsrs gS rks dqN
Browsers s }kjk Title Bar ij URL ;k UnTitled iznfkZr gksxkA
2. Body Tag: - Tag, Tag ds iwjd dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA ;g Tag fdlh
HTML Document ds Structure esa vkus okys izR;sd fgLls dks nkkZrk
gSA ;g Tag ds ckn esa vkrk gSA Tag o Tag HTML Document ds ,d vyx2
Hkkx cukrs gSA
Syntex :-
My first web page
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Tag Case Sensitive ugha gksrs gS vFkkZr~ bUgs cMs ;k NksVs
v{kjkas esa fy[kus ij Hkh ;s leku O;ogkj djrs gSA
- Text dks Bold djus ds fy;sA - Italic Text - Underline
Text - Text dks Center eas djus ds fy;sA - lkekU; vkdkj ls cMs
vkdkj dk Text fy[kus ds fy;sA - lkekU; vkdkj ls NksVs vkdkj es Text
fy[kus ds fy;sA - Superscript Text - Subscript Text - bl Tag ls ge
Text dks pyrk fQjrk fn[kk ldrs gSA - bl Tag }kjk fdlh web page ds
lcls uhps okys Hkkx vFkkZr Signature Block dks O;Dr fd;k tkrk
gSAHeading: - Heading dk use djds Web page dks lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls
O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gSsA - First Level Heading - Second Level
Heading - Third Level Heading ,, Syntax: - My First Web Page First
step Heading Second Heading Third Heading Fourth Heading Fifth
Heading Sixth Heading ;gkaW ij ge Tags ds vUnj Text fy[krs ftUgsa
fd gekjs Webpage ij O;Dr djuk gSAInserting Text and Image: - ge
vius Webpage ds HTML document esa Text o Image Mkyus ds fy;s
fofHkUu izdkj ds Tags use esa ysrs gSA HTML doucment esa Text o
Image Tag ds e/; Insert djrs gSA Paragraph Tag: - bls ge ls iznfkZr
djrs gSA ;g Container Tag gS ijUrq bls dsoy start tag ds }kjk gh
iznfkZr fd;k tkrk gSA bl Tag esa end tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gS
vFkkZr~ fdlh Paragraph dks iznfkZr djus ds fy;s fy[kk tkrk gS rFkk
;g Paragraph end gksus ij ugha fy[kk tkrk gSA Example: - My First
Web Page ISHWAR Publication ---------------------------
--------------------------- Line Break Tag: - bls
ls Represent fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d Empty Tag gS tks fd fdlh Line dks
Break djds ubZ ykbu cukrk gSA bls Hkh Closing Tag }kjk cUn ugha
fd;k tkrk gSA Example :-
The Great Indian Comedy Show
Watch Live on 7 PM
Comment: - ;g ,d Standalone Tag gSA bldk use Webpages eas fofHkUu
lwpuk,sa nsus ds fy;s djrs gS rkfd bl lwpukvkas dsk ckn esa use dj
ldasA Comment Tag- Block Quotes: - ;g Tag Text Margin dks O;Dr djus
ds dke vkrk gSA Example: - My First web page ISHWAR Publications
........................ .........................
......................... Preformatted Text: - bls ls iznfkZr fd;k
tkrk gSA bldk eq[; mi;ksx Text dks Tabular Form esa nkkZus ds fy;s
djrs gSA Example :- My First Web page ISHWAR & Company JAN FEB
MAR TOTAL RAM100 200 400 700 SYHYAM 200 200 400 800 List: - HTML
Document ds }kjk fdlh Web pages esa List dk use Hkh dj ldrs gSA ge
nks rjg ls List rS;kj dj ldrs gS & (i) Ordered List(ii)
Unordered List (i) Ordered list: - Ordered list dks ge
Tag }kjk iznfkZr djrs gSA bls Tag ds lkFk iz;ksx esa yk;k
tkrk gSA Tag izR;sd List Item ds fy;s use eas yh tkrh gSA Example
:- My First Web page MS. EXCEL MS. WORD MS. POWER
POINT MS. DOS Tag esa end Tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Run gks
tkus ds ckn bl izdkj fn[ksxk: - 1. MS Excel 2. MS Word 3. MS Power
Point 4. MS DOS (ii) Unordered List :- bls Tag }kjk
Represent fd;k tkrk gSA Tag dk Hkh bl Tag ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA
Example: - MS Excel MS Word MS Power Point MS DOS ;g
Run gks tkus ds ckn bl izdkj fn[ksxk: - MS Excel MS Word MS Power
Point MS DOS Nesting List: - Nesting List dk vFkZ gS fd ,d izdkj dh
List ds vUnj nwljs izdkj dh List dk iz;ksx djukA Example :-
Software MS Word MS Excel MS Foxpro Type
Attribute: - Type Attribute dks ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk
gSA blds ek/;e ls List dks Represent djus ds rjhds
dks fu;fU=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA Example :- Level One Out
Line Level Two Out Line Level Three Out Line Run djus
ds ckn Result: -I Level One Out Line A. Level Two Out Line B. Level
Theree Out Line Start and Value attribute: - Ordered List esa fdlh
e dks fdlh fufpr la[;k ls kq# djus ds fy;s Start attribute dk
mi;ksx djrs gSA Value attribue dk use Tag ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS blls
fdlh e dks iqu% Restart fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, fuEu izfdz;k gS
& This Should be numbered 3 This Should be
numbered 8 Controlling Display of Unordered List: - Type attribute
dk mi;ksx fdlh Unordered List esa Bullet (.) ds Type dks O;Dr djus
ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Unordered List esa nks izdkj ds Bullets gks
ldrs gS & Square, Circle Example :-
SOFTWARE Computer Concept MS Word MS Excel
HARDWARE CPU Floppy Hard Disk RUN djus ij fuEu izdkj
ls iznfkZr gksxk: - SOFT WARE Computer Concept MS Word MS Excel
HARD WARE CPU Floppy Hard Disk Creating Definition list: -
Definition list dks Tag }kjk iznfkZr djrs gSA Definition List
Glossary cukus eas dke yh tkrh gSA Definition List esa rhu Tag
elements gksrs gSA1. - ;g List dks nkkZrk gSA 2. - ;g Tag Data Term
dks nkkZrk gSA 3. - ;g Data Definition dks nkkZrk gSA Example: -
Definition List HARDWARE Examples of Hardware are CPU, Input,
Output, Storage devices etc. SOFTWARE It is a Set of programs ;g
Run djus ds ipkr~ Webpage bl izdkj iznfkZr gksxk: -
HARDWAREExamples of Hardware are CPU, Input, Output, Storage
devices etc. SOFTWAREIt is a Set of programsbl izdkj ge fdlh Hkh
HTML Documents esa Text Insert djok ldrs gSA ftldks O;ofLFkr djus
ds fy;s fHkUu2 Tags dke eas fy;s tkrs gSA ftl :i esa ge Document
dks O;ofLFkr djuk pkgrs gS mlh ds vuqlkj bu Tags dk mi;ksx djrs gS
vkSj Document esa Text insert djrs gSA Inserting Inline Images: -
Inline Images dks HTML document esa tksMus ds fy;s ge Tag dk use
djrs gSA Inline dk vFkZ gS fd Webpage ds fdlh LFkku ij Image tqM
jgh gSA lkekU;r% GIF Format gh Inline Image dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA
dqN Browsers JPEG format dks Hkh Webpages eas tksM ikus eas leFkZ
gSA Tag ,d Stand alone Tag gSA Syntax: - Src (Source) Attribute: -
fdlh Image Filename & path O;Dr djus ds fy;s vko;d gSA Align
Attribute: - Align Attribute dh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh Webpage ij Inline
Image dh fLFkfr fufpr dj ldrs gSA bl Attribute dh 5 value Top,
Middle, Bottom, Right, Left Example: - Flowers.gif file dks iznfkZr
djus ds fy;s ;gkW Tag dk use New Block dks cukus ds fy;s fd;k x;k
gSA Example :- The Image on this line The Image on this line. The
Image on this Line. The Image on this Line. The Image on this Line.
Height & Width of Image: - ;fn ge Inline Image dh Height o
Width Attribate dk use djds Height o Width dks Fix u djs rks fdlh
Image dks Webpage ij Download djrs le; gesa rc rd bUrtkj djuk gksxk
tc rd fd iwjh Image Download u gks tk;sA blfy;s ge Tag esa Height o
Width Attribute dk use djds Image dh size Fix dj nsrs gSA ftlls
Browser mruh txg dks NksMdj ckdh Page dks display dj nsrk gSA
Example: - fdlh Link eas Image tksMuk: - ge fdlh Hyper Text Link
eas Text ds lkFk2 Inline Image dks Hkh tksM ldrs gSA ;g link Blue
border esa fn[kkbZ nsxkA ml ij click djrs gh ;g dk;Z djus yxrk gSA
Example: - Image Link Border: - fdlh Image link ds Border dks Hkh
Control dj ldrs gSA Border dh Default Width 2 Pixels gksrh gSA Tag
ds Border Attribute dh lgk;rk ls Width fufpr djrs gSA Example: -
Creating Links HTML Document esa Links cukus ds fy;s Anchor dk
iz;ksx djrs gSA bldh Href property ls Hyper Reference vFkkZr~ Link
Source/ File dk Path/ Web Address nsrs gSA By Default Link Text
(Hyper Text) Blue Color esa o Underline iznfkZr gksrs gSA mnkgj.k
& Click Here to view NBJ File Click Here for NBJ webpage
BookMarks - To add Book in HTML Document, is used.Ex: - Create Link
for Bookmark One can create Hyperlink for a text towards Bookmark
in following manner Text Table HTML Document esa Table cukus ds
fy;s dks use djrs gSA Table esa fuEufyf[kr Tag elements gksrs gSA -
Table Heading - Table Row - Table DataEx: - S. No. Name Result 1
Meena Pass 2 Teena Fail 3 Neena Pass By Grace 4 Veena First Form
HTML Document esa Form cukus ds fy, fuEu command dks use djrs
gS& ACTION Attribute dk mi;ksx document ds Base Address ij dk;Z
djus ds fy, djrs gSA tcfd Method attribute GET ;k POST gksrs gSA
GET dk mi;ksx form ls data dks ysus ds fy, gksrk gSA tcfd POST Data
dks Server ij Post djrk gSA Check Box INPUT command ds }kjk Form
esa vyx2 Controls dks tksMrs gSA CheckBox dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT
ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa CheckBox dks fy[krs gSAName attribute
dk mi;ksx CheckBox dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language
esa ChockBox ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, mi;ksx djrs gSAValue
attribute esa CheckBox dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSAChecked ds
}kjk By default CheckBox dks Check j[kk tkrk gSATop of FormBottom
of FormPassword Password dks Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk
iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g TextBox dh rjg Appear gksrk gS ijUrq blesa Text,
**** ds #i esa fn[krk gSAName attribute dk use Password Box dk uke
fy[kus esa djrs gSAMaxLength attribute ls Password Box esa Input
ldus okys Maximum Characters dh la[;k dks r; djrs gSATop of
FormBottom of FormRadio Button Radio Button dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT
ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa Radio dks fy[krs gSAName attribute dk
mi;ksx Radio Button dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language
esa Radio Button ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, djrs gSAValue
attribute esa Radio dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSAChecked ds }kjk
By default Radio Button dks Check j[kk tkrk gSATop of FormReset tc
Reset button ij Click djrs gS rks Form ds lkjs Fields dh Values
mudh initial values ij vk tkrh gSATop of FormBottom of FormSubmit
Form dks Submit djus ds fy, bls use djrs gSA Text Box Text Box dks
Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g Box dh
rjg Appear gksrk gSAName attribute dk use TextBox dk uke fy[kus esa
djrs gSAMaxLength attribute ls Text Box esa Input gks ldus okys
Maximum Characters dh la[;k dks r; djrs gSATop of FormSelect List
option entries content blls Drop Down List dks cukrs gSA Form
TextArea content TextArea dk mi;ksx Multiple Rows and Columns esa
Data/Text (tSls&Residential Address etc.) dks Input djkus esa
djrs gSAFrameSet Frameset esa Browser Window dks Rows ;k Columns
esa ckaVk tkrk gSA blds ipkr~ Frame Tag ls gj Section esa vyx2 HTML
file dks j[krs gSA Frameset okys Web Page esa Section ugha gksrk
gSAUNIT 4JAVA SCRIPT LANGUAGEJava Script Language dk mi;ksx Web
Page esa Form Designing o mlds related conditions etc. apply djus
ds fy, djrs gS blds vykok Java Script Language ls Mouse and
Keyboard ds vyx2 Events dks Handle and execute dj ldrs gSA Java
Scrpit Language esa Client side programming dh tkrh gS tcfd Server
side programming ds fy, Java Servlets etc languages dks use djrs
gSAJava Script Language dks Netscape us cuk;k gSA Java Script code
dks web page esa fuEu command ls kkfey djrs gS & ... ;gkWa ij
&Type Script Language Type (i.e. JavaScript)Src URL (Uniform
Rosource Locator) address of external scriptExample: - . Java
Script Code (Variables, Constant and User Defined Functions) dks
lkekU;r;k WebPage ds Head Section esa fy[kk tkrk gS (bUgsa Body
Section esa Hkh fy[kk tk ldrk gS) vkSj cuk, x, Functions/modules
etc. dks Web Page ds Head/ Body section esa use djrs gSAJavaScript
dks HTML program esa fy[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd JavaScript Filename.Html
dks use djrh gS rFkk HTTP Protocol dks use djds Lo;a dks Web Server
ls Client ds Browser rd Hkstrh gS tgka ij og client dh Information
dks execute and process djrh gSAflQZ JavaScript enabled browser gh
JavaScript code dks Interpret dj ldrk gSA JavaScript dks Netscape
Communicator, Internet Explorer dh rqyuk esa T;knk vPNh rjg ls
support djrk gSANote: - Internet Explorer ds fy, Default Scipting
VB Script gS tcfd Netscape Communicator dh Default Scripting
Language JavaScript gSAJavaScript ,d Object Oriented Language gS
ftlls Interactive Web Pages cuk ldrs gSA JavaScript ls HTML Form
esa loaded entries dh processing t#jr iMus ij dj ldrs gSAVariable-
Program esa Variable dk mi;ksx Value dks Store j[kus ds fy, djrs
gSA Variable Name fdlh Alphabet (A-Z, a-z), Underscore (_) or
Dollar ($) sign ls kq# gks ldrk gS tcfd ckdh ds v{kj Alphabets,
underscore, dollar and Digit (0-9) gks ldrs gSA JavaScript esa
Variable Names Case Sensitive gksrs gSAData Type JavaScript esa
Variable create djrs le; DataType dks Declare djuk t#jh ugha gS
vFkkZr~ ,d Variable vyx2 le; ij vyx2 data j[k ldrk gSADeclaring a
Variable Java Script esa fuEu Command dk mi;ksx djds Variable dks
cuk;k ;k Declare fd;k tkrk gS &var VariableName;var
VariableName = value;Example: -var FirstName;var LastName =
Singh;var sno = 1;Program var name = prompt(Enter your name ,
Name);document.write ( Hello + name + );JavaScript prompt() dk
mi;ksx user ls ,d string ysus ds fy, djrk gSADocument.write () dk
mi;ksx Variable ds Contents dks Browser esa write/show djus ds fy,
djrk gSAOperators and ExpressionsArithmetical Operator + (Addition)
(Subtraction)* (Multiplication)/ (Divide)% (Modulus) For Remainder
(19%4 = 3, 21%4=1, 22%4=2)++ (Increment Operator) Increase value by
1-- (Decrement Operator) Decrease value by 1Logical Operator
-&& (And)|| (Or)! (Not)Comparison Operator = = (Equal to)
Eg. 5 == 5 return true= = = (Strictly Equal to) Eg. 5 === 5 return
false as one is string and other is number!= (Not equal to)!= =
(Strictly not equal to)< (Less than) (Greater than)>=
(Greater than or equal to)String Operator + (Concatenation) Eg.
Hello+How are you will result HelloHow are youAssignment Operator =
(Assignment)+=, -=, *=, /=, %=Conditional Operator Condition ?
value1 : value2Eg. a > b ? a=1 : b=1Branching in JavaScriptif
statement if (condition){statement1;statement2;}if else statement
if
(condition){statement1;statement2;}else{statement3;statement4;}Nested
if statement if (condition1){statement1;statement2;}else{if
(condition2){statement3;statement4;}else{statement5;statement6;}}switch
statement switch (variable){case constant1
:statement1;statement2;break;case constant2
:statement3;statement4;break;.....default :statement;}Loop in
JavaScriptfor Loop for (expression1; condition;
expression2){statement1;statement2;}while Loop while
(condition){statement1;statement2;}Functions in
JavaScriptJavaScript esa Function, Block of code vFkkZr~ dksM dk
lewg gS ftls fd fdlh dk;Z dks djus ds fy, cukrs gS vkSj Function ,d
value return djrk gSA JavaScript function ,d ;k thjks parameters
dks Accept djrk gSA Parameter ds }kjk MkVk dks Function esa
pass/Hkstk tkrk gSA JavaScript esa nks izdkj ds Functions gksrs
gS&1. Built in Functions os Functions tks JavaScript esa igys
ls cus gksrs gSA2. User Defined Function bu Functions dks user }kjk
cuk;k tkrk gSA bls fuEu izdkj ls Declare djrs gS & returntype
functionName(parameter1, parameter2, )Function dks fuEu izdkj ls
Call djrs gS & functionName(argument1, argument2, argument3,
)JavaScript ArraysJavaScript esa Arrays ds }kjk ,d ls T;knk values
dks store fd;k tkrk gSA Array esa vyx2 values dks Index no ds }kjk
Access djrs gSA JavaScript esa Array dks fuEu izdkj ls cukrs gS
& arrayName = new Array(array length) arrayName = new Array
()JavaScript esa Array dk first element 0 index no. ls kq# gksrk
gSA vkSj JavaScript array dh size dks automatically cfriends = new
Array(5);friends[0] = Ajit;friends[1] = Megh Singh;friends[2] =
Meena;friends[3] = Teena;friends[4] =
Veena;document.write(friends[0] +
);document.write(friends[1] +
);document.write(friends[2] +
);document.write(friends[3] +
);document.write(friends[4] +
);// End hiding JavaScript --->JavaScript Document Object
ModelBrowser esa Webpage display gksus ds ipkr~ JavaScript enabled
browser gj individual object dks Webpage esa recognize dj ldrk gSA
,slk blfy, laHko gS D;ksafd Browser Data Object Model (DOM) dks use
djrk gSA DOM dks use djds JavaScript enabled browser Webpage ds mu
lkjs objects dks igpku ysrk gS ftuds lkFk mls dealing djuh gSA
JavaScript DOM Diagram: -Java Script ObjectsJavaScript DOM dks
support djrh gS vkSj Object ds }kjk JavaScript Assisted Style Sheet
(JSSS) dh lgk;rk ls DOM dks extend djrh gSA JavaScript esa gj
Object ds ikl Properties, Methods and Events gksrs gSATo access an
objects Property ObjectName.PropertyTo access an Objects Method
ObjectName.MethodHandling Events using JavaScriptJavaScript fdlh
Hkh Web Page ij Elements ds lkFk dk;Z dks fuEufyf[kr steps esa
Process djrk gS &1. Identify a web page object2. Choose an
appropriate event associated with the object3. Have a standard
method of objects eventJavaScript ds ikl dkQh la[;k esa Event
Handler cus gq, gS tks fd HTML Object ds Events dks map djrs gSA
JavaScript dk Event Handler nks izdkj dk gksrk gS &1.
Interactive It will depends on users interaction with web page. Ex
- onMouseOver2. Non Interactive It will not depends on users
action. Ex.- onLoadfuEufyf[kr Table ls JavaScript ds vyx2 Events
vkSj oks dc Call gksaxs dk irk pyrk gS&1. onClick A link, image
or document is clicked.2. onMouseOver The mouse is moving over a
link or image.3. onSubmit User press Forms Submit button4. onFocus
A document, window, form element receive current input control5.
onChange A Textbox, Textarea is modified6. onBlur - A document,
window, form element receive loses input control7. onLoad An image,
document is loaded8. onUnload - An image, document is unloaded/user
exit.Dialog Box in JavaScriptAlert Dialog Box;g ,d string dks
argument ds #i esa ysdj mls Browser window esa Display djrk gS o
blds lkFk2 OK button Hkh Display djrk gSASyntax: -
alert(message)Example: - alert (Click OK to continue);Prompt Dialog
Box;g Message, mldh default value vkSj OK, Cancel button dks
display djrk gSASyntax: - prompt (message, Default Value)Example: -
prompt (Enter you Favourite Colour :, Blue);Confirm Dialog Box: -
;g Message vkSj OK, Cancel button dks display djrk gSASyntax: -
confirm (message)Example: - confirm (Are you sure you want to
quit);UNIT 5ELECTRONIC COMMERCEElectronic Commerce (e-Commerce) ,d
lkekU; kCn gS tks fd gj izdkj ds Business Transaction ;k
Information Exchange ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS ftls fd
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) ds }kjk Execute
fd;k tkrk gSA E-Commerce esa Electronic Trading of goods, Services
vkSj Electronic Material kkfey gksrs gSA Electronic Commerce esa
Internet ds O;kolkf;d ysunsu (Commercial Transaction) kkfey gksrs
gSA E-commerce dks fuEu izdkj ls Classify/ Categorize dj ldrs gS
&1. Electronic Market: - bldk eq[; mn~ns; fdlh Product ;k
Services dks
