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INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Globalisation and the ICEM Strategy
Jim Catterson Director of Organization
Viale Maestri del Lavoro 10, 10127, Turin Italy
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
51 of the largest 100 economies in the world are corporations. Multinational companies hold ninety percent of all technology
and product patents worldwide. Multinational companies are involved in 70 percent of world
trade. More than thirty percent of this trade is "intra- firm"; in other words, it occurs between units of the same corporation.
The 300 largest corporations account for one-quarter of the world's productive assets.
Globalisation
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Over the last decade, global FDI has grown four times as fast as GDP, and three times as fast as trade.
400 MNC's account for 50 per cent of global FDI and 95 per cent originates in developed countries.
The combined revenues of GM and Ford exceed the combined GDP of all sub-Saharan Africa.
One fifth of the world's population live on a dollar a day or less. In the US the ratio of average CEO pay in Fortune 500 companies
to the average factory worker has risen from 42 to 1 in 1980 to 419 to 1.
Globalisation
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Mergers & Acquisitions
Strategic Alliances
Joint Ventures
Foreign Direct Investment
Global Sourcing
Deregulation
Globalisation
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Reduction of Workforce– Redundancies– Out-sourcing– Replacing permanent workers with temporary
workersLowering Wages and BenefitsShifting Production to lower wage areas
Cost-Cutting Impact:
Globalisation
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Oil Industry ConsolidationBP started the mega-merger wave in August 1998. The Exxon-Mobil, BP Amoco-Arco and TotalFinaElf-Elf Aquitaine mergers closely followed. Combined, these deals totalled a quarter of a trillion US dollars in value, and raised the share of market cap held by the four largest players (ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch/Shell, BP, TotalFinaElf) by almost half.
These three super-majors ExxonMobil, Shell and BP have combined sales greater than the total annual domestic production (GDP) of the one billion people of India. The merger of Conoco and Phillips has created the largest refiner in the US and the third-largest integrated US energy company.
Next the Russian Companies?
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Pilkington16%
Guardian Industries10%
Saint Gobain9%
PPG Industries7%
other Companies35%
Asahi Glass18%
Nippon Sheet Glass5%
Flat Glass Sales by Company 1998
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
TOP 10 Global Market Share 1999
Chemical US$ 1,500 Bn US$ 180 Bn 12
Pharma. US$ 338 Bn US$ 160 Bn 47
Total Top 10 %
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Dow/UCC Chemical 11.00 9.7Exxon/Mobil 8.07 7.2Shell 6.27 5.6Equistar 5.11 4.5SABIC 4.16 3.7Chevron/Phillips 3.89 3.5BP/Amoco 3.46 3.1ElfTotalFina 2.99 2.7Nova 2.96 2.6Formosa Plastics 2.85 2.5Total Top Ten 50.76 45.1
Company Capacity Global Market Share %
TOP ETHYLENE PRODUCERS 2003Mtpa
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Air Liquide 5,863.54 17.15BOC 4,826.17 14.11Praxair 4,442.67 12.99Air Products 3,466.00 10.13Linde/Aga 3,447.84 10.08NSC 2,072.49 6.06Messer 1,579.89 4.62Others 8,500.00 24.85 Total 34,198.62
Company Sales ($m.) Market Share (%)
Industrial Gases Market 2000
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
TOP 10 PHARMACEUTICAL CO’s1988 1999
Merck 3.9% Glaxo/SKB7.0%
Glaxo 2.9% Pfizer/Warner-Lambert6.8%
Ciba 2.8% Merck4.5%
Hoechst 2.5% AstraZeneca 4.4%AHP 2,2% BMS
4.0%Bayer 2.2% Novartis
4.0%J & J 2.2% Aventis
3.9%SKB 2.1% J & J
3.8%Pfizer 2.1% AHP
3.1%Sandoz 2.0% Roche
3.0%
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
TOP 10 companies
represent
29% of world production
PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Concentration Process
• 1995 80% of World Market is Covered by Top 9
Companies
• 2005 80% of World Market is Covered by Top 3
Companies
Global Tyre Industry
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Three Firms Dominate Global Tyre Market
15,114,2
13,5
4,9
2,9 2,72,1
1,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
GOODYEAR-SUMITOMO
BRIDGESTONE MICHELIN CONTI PIRELLI YOKOHAMA TOYO COOPER
Goodyear & Cooper Are Only US Firms in the TOP-10
Global Tyre Sales, 1999
US $ billions
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
““WE ARE IN AN ERA OF UNPARALLELED WE ARE IN AN ERA OF UNPARALLELED CONSOLIDATION”CONSOLIDATION” BRIAN GILBERTSON, CHAIRMAN, BILLITONBRIAN GILBERTSON, CHAIRMAN, BILLITON
OLIGOPOLIES DEVELOPING OLIGOPOLIES DEVELOPING IRON ORE: RIO TINTO, BHP, CVRD – 80%IRON ORE: RIO TINTO, BHP, CVRD – 80% COALCOAL
MININGMININGBILLION DOLLAR DEALSBILLION DOLLAR DEALS
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM382 affiliated trade
unions117 countries
20 million members
Head OfficeBrusselsBelgium
Regional Offices
Washington
Rio de Janeiro
Johannesburg
Seoul
Moscow
Global Union Federation
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Industries Energy (Electric Power, Oil, Gas) Mining & Quarrying (Coal, other Mining) Chemical & Bio-Science (Pharmaceuticals) Rubber (Tyre, Other Rubber) Materials (Glass, Ceramics, Cement) Pulp & Paper Service and Miscellaneous Diamond (Gem, Ornament, Jewellery)
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Regions Asia / Pacific South and Central Africa North Africa and Middle East North America South and Central America & the Caribbean Central Europe Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Trans-Caucasus Western Europe Nordic Countries
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Structure
Affiliates• form ICEM Coordinating Committee• are members of Regional Organisation• send delegates to the Congress
Regional OrganisationElects:
• Chair Person of Regional Organisation who is nominated ICEM Vice President
Elects:• President – John Maitland, CFMEU, Australia• General Secretary – Fred Higgs• Presidium (ICEM Vice Presidents)• Countries for Executive Committee Members• Auditing Committee
Congress
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Central EuropeRegional Chairperson
Seats on Executive Committee
Regional Committee
Regional Conference
Regional Statutes
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Central European Regional Conference
April 15-16, 2003Kranjska Gora, Slovenia
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM South East Europe Project
A Joint Project with IUF
1st year of 4 year program. 2nd stage following 4 years of general training in the region.
Zagreb office
ICEM Balkan and SE Mediterranean Energy Network
ICEM Central Europe
ICEM 1st World Conference for the
Materials Industries Section
Slovenia June 20-22, 2001
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Titan Cement
Holcim(Holderbank)
Heidelberger
Seament
Lafarge
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM and EMCEF
CooperationJurisdictionsRelationships (eg ETUC ICFTU TUAC)
Expertise
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
EMCEF SEMINAR EU ACCESSION
Kranjska Gora, Slovenia
April 14, 2003
Jim CattersonICEM Director of Organization
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
GDP per head
Bulgaria: 24% of EU average
Estonia: 38%
Poland: 39%
Hungary: 52%
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Bargaining coverage rates and unionisation rates in candidate countries (%)
Country Coverage rate of collective agreements Unionisation rate
Czech Republic 25-30 30
Hungary 45-50 20
Poland * 15
Slovakia 50 40
Slovenia Almost total 41.3
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
3rd ICEM World Congress, Stavanger August 28-30, 2003
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Recognition an important issue for ICEM, as for any trade union organisation Recognition has been achieved in 3 ways:
In negotiating and achieving Global Agreements
When companies enter into dialog following representation
by the ICEM on behalf of an affiliate
When companies or employer organisations seek our view on issues effecting ICEM sectors
Recognition
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Congress, Durban 3-5 November 1999
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
“The ICEM needs to operate more like an international trade union and not just a service organization”
Fred HiggsICEM General Secretary
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Unite and Organise
Global Trade Union Networks Dialog with Multinational Companies Global Agreements with Multinational
Companies Global Solidarity
ICEM Future Work Plan
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Global Trade Union
Networks
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Global Trade Union Networks Exchange of Information & Experiences
Collective Agreements wages working hours shift systems bonus systems holidays retirement schemes
Occupational Health, Safety & Environment Microeconomic data
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Global Trade Union Networks Organizing International Solidarity
Representative Structure– country– region– worldwide
Dialog with Central Management
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Global company networks in existence
Rio Tinto (administered by CFMEU, Australia) Goodyear (administered by USWA, USA) Bridgestone (administered by GOMU-RENGO, Japan) Novartis (administered by SIB, Switzerland) International Paper (PACE, USA) Endesa (FIA-UGT/FM-CC.OO., Spain) BASF (IGBCE, Germany) Exxon Mobil (PACE USA)
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Prerequisites to forming an ICEM Network
An affiliate must take responsibility for carrying out and providing resources for the administration.
The main activities must be resourced by the network participants.
Global gatherings are not essential to a successful network.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Global Agreements withMultinational
Companies
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Priority activity agreed at our last 2 Congresses to negotiate global agreementsThe objective of such agreements:-
To establish a set of principles / standardswhich a multinational company will applywherever it operates in the world. Regardlessof whether it is required to do so by nationallaw
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Congress, Presidium and Executive
Committees given mandate on issues to be covered:
Human & Trade Union Rights, Health Safety and Environment, Other issues not normally subject to local or
national collective bargaining.
Global Framework Agreements
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
The Congress, Presidium and Executive Committees have developed
the following process for securing such agreements:Prioritise companies with a strong union base in their home country First approach to companies normally made by affiliates in the company's home countryTry to improve provisions within each new agreementAll agreements to be subject to annual review
Global Framework Agreements
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM Global AgreementsICEM Global Agreements
Statoil Statoil July 1998, March 2001, August 2003 Freudenberg Freudenberg June 2000Endesa Endesa January 2002Norske Skog Norske Skog June 2002Anglogold Anglogold September 2002ENI November 2002
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Content of Global Agreements
To secure a continuous improvement
and development of good working
relations and to establish an open
information channel between ICEM,
its Affiliates and the Management.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Content of Global Agreements
Right to every employee to be represented by a union of his/her own choice & right to basic trade union rights (ILO 87, 98) company agrees not to oppose efforts to unionize its employees
To employ no force or bonded labour (ILO 29, 105)
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
To employ no child labour (ILO 138) To exercise equality of opportunity & treatment in
employment (ILO 100, 111) To pay fair wages & benefits according to good
industry standards in the country concerned To provide a safe work environment, deploying
common “best practice” standards
Content of Global Agreements
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Monitoring
Training
Information Exchange
Regular Consultations
Content of Global Agreements
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Lock-out Lock-out ends atends at
Crown PetroleumCrown Petroleum
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Crown Central PetroleumPasadena Texas
January 17, 2001 five-year lockout defeated by PACE Local 4-227 atTexas oil refinery
Campaign Actions
A consumer boycott was carried out in seven states and the District of Columbia.
The company received a $1.1 million air pollution fine from the Texas National Resource Conservation Commission.
Widespread support came from the rest of the labour movement, civil rights and religious organizations, and environmental activists
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Crown Central PetroleumPasadena Texas
Campaign Actions (continued)
PACE waged a sophisticated shareholder campaign to block Crown CEO Henry Rosenberg from acquiring the company.
In October 2000, Statoil, cancelled its contract for the processing of Statoil's crude oil at Crown's Pasadena refinery. This single contract used 35 percent of the Pasadena refinery's capacity and its cancellation was a powerful blow to the company.
Lars Myhre, chairman of the ICEM's Energy Industries Section visited the PACE picket line at the Pasadena refinery
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Extracts from Statoil report to the Global Compact Learning Forum, October 29-30, 2001 London.
Implementation of the agreement has so far covered: Meetings to discuss specific challenges in Statoil's international portfolio; Training, eg. Statoil's participation in ICEM's training of trade union representatives from SOCAR in Azerbaijan; Consultations whereby Statoil has contributed to the resolution of labour disputes; Mutual support: Statoil attended ICEM World Congress in 1999, ICEM attended the Scandinavian (sub-)group of Global Compact convened by Statoil.
ICEM STATOIL AGREEMENTICEM STATOIL AGREEMENT
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
ICEM STATOIL AGREEMENTICEM STATOIL AGREEMENT
“As far as Statoil is concerned, the agreement with ICEM can contribute to improved risk management by way of increased insight into the causes of labour disputes and how to resolve them. Statoil will enhance its reputation as a socially responsible company by becoming better at managing labour relations.” “It is important that labour relations are managed in accordance with local conditions. Considerations of legitimacy and efficiency require that employee concerns should be handled by those closest to the issues. We believe that the ICEM agreement will help us address this requirement without interfering with established local practices.” Statoil report to the Global Compact Learning Forum, October 29-30, 2001 London.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
A Global Agreement is not
a Code of Conduct
Negotiated not unilateral
Monitored by the organized workforce
Network can develop to be an enforcement procedure
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Global Compact: Basis for New Global Compact: Basis for New Agreements ? Agreements ?
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Kofi Annan first tabled the GC initiative January 1999,
(launched in 2000)Voluntary initiative creating a partnership between the UN,
International Corporations, Labour, Civil Society and National
GovernmentsCalls on corporations to adopt a set of nine principles to guide
their worldwide business practices.
Global Compact
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
What Are The 9 Principles?Human Rights
1. Business should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights within their sphere of influence.
2. Make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
What Are The 9 Principles?Labour
3 Businesses should uphold freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.
4 The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory Labour.
5 The effective abolition of child Labour
6 Eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
What Are The 9 Principles?Environment
7 Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges
8 Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility
9 Encourage the development and diffusion of environmental friendly technologies.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
International Trade Union Response
The ICFTU was involved in the development of this initiative and are supportive.
The ICEM also supports the initiative and is involved with the U.N. and the ICFTU in its further development. Fred Higgs is one of two Trade Union Members of the Advisory Council
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Making it Meaningful
Companies should not just make grand statements
Should ensure there is commitment at all managerial levels to applying the 9 principles
Involve all employees and their unions Underpin company commitment with a
Global Agreement with the relevant Global Union Federation (GUF)
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Solidarity Actions Workers and their unions continue to face problems at national and local level
Increasingly the solutions will be found at international level
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Binda Panday NepalAugust 29, 2003 elected ICEM Vice-President Stavanger
September 5 arrested with other trade unionists Katmandhu Nepal
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
June 2002After International support Canadian Strikers at
Lafarge win a six-month strike against the cement multinational
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
January 2002Global labour campaign helps force Saint-Gobain to
Recognise UAW in the United States –Struggle for a 1ST Contract Continues
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
New Zealand EPMU international pressure
through ICEM IP Network
ends 82 day strikeJune 2003Kinleith
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
Rhodia UK September 2003
GMB Amicus-MSFRolling Strikes to safeguard future
pensions
INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE OF THE ILO IUF and ICEM Seminar
November 24-28, 2003 Turin Italy
More global agreements Increased use of ICEM multinational union networks to ensure that global agreements are working and are monitored effectively Hot-line communications between ICEM leadership and MNCs in order to identify and respond to major issues before they become international problems Development of better links with employers’ organisations in the various ICEM sectors
THE FUTURE
Jim Catterson November 2003