International Symposium on Sustainable Cities

Water and sanitation in

urban areas in Madagascar

Lovy RasolofomananaCountry Representative

WaterAid in Madagascar

International Symposium on Sustainable Cities

Key points 1. Overview of urban

contexts

2. Opportunities and threats

3. WaterAid WASH Programme

4. Lessons learnt

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Factual data

1. 1/3 of households live in urban areas, the half after decades

2. Urban areas provide ¾ of GDP

3. Vulnerability factors

4. Politic instability

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Opportunities and threats

1. Big consumer markets

2. Precarious habitat and infrastructures

3. No clear responsibility sharing between local and central levels

4. Visible inequalities

5. Decreasing capacity of Water Utility to deliver

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WaterAid Madagascar works in urban areas

1. Support water utility and private sector to set up and operate water services

2. Develop basic sanitation services for families and communities

3. Hygiene promotion

4. Policy reforms and institutional arrangements

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Policy reforms and institutional arrangements

Urban spatial planning to tackle WASH challenges :

WASH issues are addressed in considering the whole urbanisation challenge

An agreement around a long-term vision for WASH service sustainability

A cost-effective and viable alternative solutions

Strategic planning and actionable solution based on participatory diagnosis

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Water services : kiosks • Water utility subcontracts

the operation and maintenance of public tap to a user association or private sector operator. Price -per-bucket: 1 cents to 2.5 cents $ among different taps

• Operation, maintenance and Using local taxes for extension of the networks

Water revenue split Percentage

25%

25%

50%

Tap manager Fokontany

Commune

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Sanitation marketing

Consistent formative research was conducted, including baseline, population classification, sources and amounts of household monthly income, willingness to pay for a latrine, and local needs in technology, etc.

Development of Sanmark strategy : 5 Ps.

Raise awareness on hygienic latrine, “triggering” sessions aimed at arousing disgust, puppet shows, etc.

Supply chain of slabs and toilets elements

Emptying and faecal treatment

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Hygiene promotion

Photo, sketches, drawing and scout song contests

Puppet show followed by quiz on WASH

Making noises in the streets

Good practices exhibition, shows, spectacles, debates

Films, spots, flyers, roll up

Intensive media campaign

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Lesson learnt

Early consultation and participatory approaches are critical

Include the vulnerability dimension

Setting up a long term vision with the Water Utilities and local governments

Costing including fecal sludge site

Specific WASH master plan

How to respond to demands raised from campaign

Tools to rally stakeholders and to raise funds including domestic financing

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Registered charity numbers 288701 (England and Wales) and SC039479 (Scotland)