INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART ICS International Commission on Stratigraphy

r-~--r--r--------~------~------~--~ E E E-a Q) Cfl..c ~Q) 0... ..c c Q) co Q) 0 Q) U Q) co (f) ..... 0 ..c,- 1;) "C "C 0 co OJ :f::2 gw '§w >,Q) Q) 0.. U5« (f)

0 w (f)o... (f)W C)

W

E E E-a Cfl..c ~Q) 0... Cfl..c

~Q) 0... Q) 0...« Q) U Q) co (f) Q) U Q) co (f) ..c c Q) co Q)O Q) co (f)(f)

"C 0 co OJ :f::2 "C 0 co OJ :f::2 ..... 0 ..c,- 1;) "C :f::2 Q) 0.. U5« (f) Q) 0.. U5« (f) gw '§w >,Q) (f)(f)

(f)W C) (f)W C) 0 W (f)o... C)C)

W 145.5 ±4.0 359.2 ±2.5 542

Holocene ~ >. 0.0117 I- Upper co c 0.126 I-Q) "Ionian" ...... Pleistocene 0.781 co ::J Calabrian ~ a 1.806

Gelasian ~ 2.588 Piacenzian ~ Pliocene 3.600 Zanclean ~ 5.332

ill Messinian ~ c 7.246

U ill Tortonian ~ 0> 11.608 .- 0 Serravallian ~ 0 ill Miocene 13.82

N Z Langhian 0 15.97

C Burdigalian 20.43

ill Aquitanian ~ U 0 23.03 .- Chattian 0 Oligocene 28.4 ±0.1 N Rupelian

33.9 ±0.1 ~ 0 Priabonian !.... ill 37.2 ±0.1 ill c Bartonian c ill Eocene 40.4 ±0.2 0> CO 0 Lutetian

..c ill 48.6 ±0.2 ~ CO Ypresian

a.. a.. 55.8 ±0.2 Thanetian ~ 58.7 ±0.2

Paleocene Selandian ~ - 61.1 Danian ~ 65.5 ±0.3

Maastrichtian ~ 70.6 ±0.6 Campanian

83.5 ±0.7 Santonian

Upper 85.8 ±0.7

U Coniacian

- 88.6 .- CJ) Turonian ~ 0 :J

0 93.6 ±0.8 N (]) Cenomanian ~ 0 U 99.6 ±0.9 CJ) J!1 Albian Q) ~ 112.0±1.0

0 Aptian ~ 125.0±1.0

Barremian Lower 130.0±1.5

Hauterivian - 133.9

Tithonian Famennian ~ Ediacaran ~ 150.8 ±4.0 Upper 374.5 ±2.6 Neo-Upper Kimmeridgian Frasnian ~ Cryogenian ® - 155.6 C 385.3 ±2.6 850

Oxfordian .~ Givetian ~ Tonian ® 161.2±4.0 C Middle 391.8 ±2.7 1000 Callovian 0 Eifelian ~ Stenian ® 164.7 ±4.0 > 397.5 ±2.7 Meso- 1200 Bathonian ~

Q) Emsian ~ Ectasian ® Middle 167.7 ±3.5 0 407.0 ±2.8 1400 Bajocian ~ Lower Pragian ~ Calymmian

® 171.6 ±3.0 411.2 ±2.8 1600 Aalenian ~ Lochkovian ~ Statherian

® 175.6 ±2.0 416.0 ±2.8 1800 Toarcian Pridoli ~ Orosirian

183.0±1.5 418.7 ±2.7 ® Pliensbachian ~ Ludfordian ~ Rhyacian 189.6±1.5 Ludlow 421.3 ±2.6 ®

~ Gorstian ~ Siderian 196.5±1.0 c 422.9 ±2.5 ® • • CO Homerian ~ 199.6 ±0.6 ·c Wenlock 426.2 ±2.4

:::J Rhaetian Sheinwoodian ~ ® 203.6 ±1.5 U) 428.2 ±2.3 Norian Telychian ~ U 216.5 ±2.0 U 436.0 ±1 .9

Carnian ~ u Llandovery Aeronian ~ ® 0 - 228.7 0 439.0 ±1.8 3200 N ~ N 0 Rhuddanian ~ .. - 237.0 ±2.0 443.7 ±1.5 Paleoarchean 0 0 N

Hirnantian ~ !.... - 245.9 !.... 0 445.6 ±1.5 ® ill ill ill Upper Katian ~ c - 249.5 C 455.8 ±1.6

CO 251.0 ±0.4 ~ CO CO ~ 460.9 ±1.6 ..c

~ ..c a..

~ a.. Lopingian 253.8 ±0.7 a.. .. - 468.1 ±1.6 Wuchiapingian ~ ~ 260.4 ±0.7 471.8 ±1.6 Capitanian

265.8 ±0.7 ~ ~ 478.6±1 .7 Subdivisions of the global geologic record are Wordian ~ ~ formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 268.0 ±0.7 488.3±1.7 Roadian ~

of the Phanerozoic (-542 Ma to Present) and the

270.6 ±0.7 - 492 * base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal GIOba~ Kungurian Stage 9 Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP ),

275.6 ±0.7 - 496 * whereas Precambrian units are formally subdivided Artinskian Paibian ~ by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age,

284.4 ±0.7 - 499 Sakmarian Guzhangian ~

GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the 294.6 ±0.8 - 503 ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org).

Asselian ~ Series 3 Drumian ~ Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the 299.0 ±0.8 - 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages

Gzhelian Stage 5 within the Cambrian will be formally named upon Upper 303.4 ±0.9 - 510 * international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most Kasimovian Stage 4

307.2 ±1.0 Series 2 - 515 * sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper Middle Moscovian Stage 3 Aptian) are not formally defined.

311.7 ±1.1 - 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Lower Bashkirian ~ Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (wwwcgmworg). 318.1 ±1.3 Terreneuvian - 528 * Upper Serpukhovian Fortunian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic

328.3 ±1.6 Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, Valanginian

140.2 ±3.0 Berriasian 145.5 +4.0

Middle Visean ~ This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press) 345.3 ±2.1 with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. and "The Concise Geologic Time Scale" by J.G. Ogg,

Lower Tournaisian ~ 359.2 ±2.5 Copyright © 2009 International Commission on Stratigraphy G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (2008). August 2009