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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407

Research Article

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MURRAYA

BY USING MOLECULAR MARKER Dutta Amit Kumar*

Department of Biotechnology, Rungta College of Science & Technology, Durg (CG), India *Corresponding Author Email: adjnchrc@yahoo.com

Article Received on: 20/03/13 Revised on: 07/04/13 Approved for publication: 12/05/13

DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.04643 IRJP is an official publication of Moksha Publishing House. Website: www.mokshaph.com © All rights reserved.

ABSTRACT Murraya koenigii is used as a stimulant, stomachic, febrifuge, analgesic and for treatment of diahrea, dysentery and insect bite. In present study, the antimicrobial activity of different part of Murraya kenigii(leaf, root and bark)was investigated by well diffusion method. As per result, plant extract showed a broad spectrum of very significant antibacterial activity of producing a clear zone of inhibition against, E. coli, Serratia, Klebsiella, Aspergillus niger, Fuesarrium, Penicilium, In this study Murraya is tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity by using Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi. In the present investigation, all the extract (methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether) were found to be effective against tested pathogenic strains except aqueous extract. Methanol extract showed more pronounced antimicrobial activity than other extracts. Keywords: Murraya koenigii, Extraction, Pathogenic Strains, Antimicrobial & Antibacterial Activity INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are naturally gifted with invaluable bioactive compound which forms the backbone of traditional medicines. The plant extracts of Murraya are used as antimicrobial substances that can be used to treat infectious diseases.1,2,3 The antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human pathogenic microorganism. The scientists are more interested to develop new antibiotics from unicellular organisms, fungi, algae and higher plants. Murraya koenigii is a common plant (Figure 1 & 2) with medicinal properties it belongs to the family Rutaceae & used in Indian cuisine is a tropical to sub-tropical tree, which is native to India distributed throughout Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia, Srilanka and Burma.4,5,7

Figure 1 & 2 showing the Murraya flowers & leaves

The plant is used as a stimulant, stomachic, febrifuge, analgesic and for treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and insect bite. The leaves can be used in many other dishes to add spice. Murraya koenigii can be used as a tonic. They are also available dried, through the aroma is largely inferior. The

leaves are rich in monoterponoids and sesquiterpenoids which exhibited antifungal activities. Minor furanocoumarines are also reported from seeds. Carbazole alkaloids, the major constituent of the plant are known to possess cyotoxic, antioxidative, antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory activities.7,8,9

MATERIALS & METHODS Three varieties of whole plant of Murraya were collected (Figure 3 & 4) and prepare extract to see the antibacterial & antimicrobial assay by using RAPD marker.3,6

Bacterial Strains (Related to UTI isolates)

Fungal Strains (Related to skin and wound infections)

E. coli Aspergillus niger Klebsiella pneumoniae Fusarium

Serratia marscens Penicillium notatum RESULTS

Figure 3 & 4 showing the different types of Murraya leaves

Table 1: Antibacterial Activity Of Murraya Leaf (Zone of Inhibition in diameter)

Bacteria Org. Sol. Var. A (mm) Var. B (mm) Var. C (mm) Ab Ex. Ab Ex. Ab Ex.

Kle. Meth 45 20 45 27 69 19 Kle. Eth. 50 12 48 19 52 15

E. coli Meth 25 NO 26 NO 30 29 E. coli Eth. 34 9 22 NO 19 NO

Ser. Meth 30 NO 29 NO 30 NO Ser. Eth. 29 NO 29 NO 30 NO

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Photographs 1, 2 & 3 showing Antibacterial & Antimicrobial Activity against different strains

Table 2: Antifungal Activity of Murraya (Zone Of Growth Yield In Diameter) From Bark

Fungus Org. Sol. BARK (mm) ROOT (mm) CONTROL (mm) Var. A Var.B Var.A Var.B

A. niger Meth. 32 50 20 7 60 Pen. Meth. 5 10 17 15 25 Fusa. Meth. 6 8 4 3 15

DISCUSSION The antimicrobial activity of the extract of Murraya was quantitatively assessed on the basis of inhibition zone, activity index and minimum inhibitory concentration. All the extract (methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether) were

found to be effective against tested pathogenic strains except aqueous extract. Methanol extract showed more pronounced antimicrobial activity than other extracts.(Photographs 1, 2 & 3)

Photographs 4, 5 & 6 showing Antifungal activity from Murraya Root

Plant extract showed a broad spectrum of very significant antibacterial activity were found to be Photographs showing Antibacterial & Antimicrobial Activity against different strains moderately sensitive, which showed an inhibition Zone of 11-16mm leaves extract found as more effective against bacteria rather than fungus whereas bark extract was

found as more effective against fungus (16-18mm). The solvent extracts of Murraya leaf have no antifungal activity. But their solvent extract of Murraya bark and root has showed more antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fuesarrium & Penicilium.(Photographs 4, 5 & 6)

Figure 7: Variety. A Figure 8: Variety. B Figure 9: Variety. A & B(L 1-6)

Photographs 7, 8 & 9 showing the bands at the same positions of Var. A & B and Protein profiling by SDS from Leaf CONCLUSION The Present study concludes that the organic solvent extraction was suitable to verify the antimicrobial properties of Murraya plants which are also supported by many other investigators. As per result leaves extract found as more effective against bacteria rather than fungus whereas bark & root extract was found as more effective against fungus. It indicates that part of Murraya may possess compounds with antimicrobial & antifungal properties which are effective against infectious diseases. Finally we conclude that the

Variety A of Murraya was found to have better Antimicrobial activity against the Clinical isolates than Variety B of Murraya. (Photographs 7, 8 & 9) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thanks Prof.(Dr.) G. D. Sao, Principal & Ex. Additional Director, Education Department, Raipur, for giving me permission to carry out research in the RCST, Durg. My deep gratitude towards the Director’s of RGC, Bhilai- Durg for their all time support and the positive response during the tenure of research. I am also greatly acknowledge the supportive nature of Mrs. Rita Shrivastava, Incharge of RCST, Durg and all the Staff Members of RCST, Durg(CG).

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Cite this article as: Dutta Amit Kumar. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of different varieties of Murraya by using molecular marker. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2013; 4(6):194-196

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared