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Addressing Challenges for Grid Integration of RE in Indian
Power System and Framework for Hybrid RE
Ajit Pandit
Director
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
(Day 2: Session 4)
February 21, 2018
International R&D Conclave
Organised by
Central Electricity Authority, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
2
India’s Power Scenario and Share of Renewable Energy
40% of energy in India shall be from non-fossil fuels by 2030
53.65% Wind 32,715 MW
Small Hydro Power 4,399 MW
Biomass & Bagasse 8,182 MW
Waste to Energy 114 MW
Thermal
66%
220,575MW
Large Hydro
13.4%
44,614 MW
Nuclear
2.03%
6,780 MW
Total Installed
Power Capacity
332,955 MW
Renewable
18.32 %
60,985 MW
Solar 15,574 MW25.53%
0.19%
13.42%
7.21%
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
1 Delhi 2,762 20 Kerala 1,870
2 Haryana 4,142 21 Tamil Nadu 8,884
3 Himachal Pradesh 776 22 Puducherry 246
4 J&K 1,155 Southern Region 26,531
5 Punjab 4,772 23 Bihar 2,493
6 Rajasthan 5,762 24 Jharkhand 1,995
7 Uttar Pradesh 10,697 25 Odisha 2,377
8 Uttarakhand 900 26 West Bengal 5,336
9 Chandigargh 153 27 Sikkim 36
Northern Region 31,120 Eastern Region 12,237
10 Goa 358 28 Assam 663
11 Guajarat 8,020 29 Manipur 105
12 Chattisgargh 1,783 30 Meghalaya 161
13 Madhya Pradesh 5,675 31 Nagaland 61
14 Maharashtra 11,926 32 Tripura 105
15 D&N Haveli 449 33 Arunachal Pradesh 39
16 Daman & Diu 199 34 Mizoram 72
Western Region 28,410 North Eastern Region 1,205
17 Andhra Pradesh 9,834 35 Andaman Islands 27
18 Telengana 36 Lakshadweep 4
19 Karnataka 5,697 All India 99,533
State-Wise Share of Solar and Wind Capacity Targets by
2022
3
Large scale integration of variable (solar and wind) energy is envisaged in the coming years to the Indian Grid
11.900
8,800 8,600 8,100 7,6006,200 6,200
2,000600
State-Wise Share of 60 GW of Wind Target by 2022
(Source: MNRE)
State-Wise Share of 100 GW of Solar Targets by 2022
20,784 MW
14,362 MW
16,820 MW
19,526 MW
11,897 MW
17,934 MW
11,875 MW
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Framework for Grid Integration
4
Planning Construction Operation
Aspects of Tx
System
Development
EntitiesCEA, CTU and
STUCTU, STU
CERC/SERC,
RLDC and
SLDC
Governing
Framework
National Electricity
Plan, IEGC
CEA Regulations
and Standards
IEGC and State
Grid Code
Key Challenges
• Tx planning
processes at state
level not aligned
for RE requirement
• Limited or no
involvement of RE
stakeholders in
planning process
• No uniform grid
interconnection
process
• Lack of
appropriate RE Tx
development
model
• ROW issues and
local challenges
• F&S framework
operationalisation
• Flexibility for
managing
variability
• Institutional
capacity
• Ancillary services
• To accomplish
175 GW by
2022, annual RE
capacity
addition need to
grow by 3x to 5x
over next 5
years
• Existing
implementation
challenges need
to be addressed
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Need for Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE Development
5
Improved land usage:
- Combined land requirement for wind and
solar to be lower than norm of
2.5 Ha/MW
Shared evacuation infrastructure:
- Optimal planning and better utilization of upstream evacuation facilities
- Excess gen. capacity of ~30 to 40 percent at pooling substation (S/S)
- ROW optimization
Shared operations:
- Benefits of shared operations and shared
infrastructure (roads, manpower, security
and metering)
Improved power generation profile:
- Wind-solar generation to complement with
improved profile
- Better management of variability
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Design Considerations for Shared Evacuation
Infrastructure
Evacuation Planning Criteria
• MNRE Draft Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, (June
2016) (Cl. 5.2 (i)):
– Hybrid power injected into the grid will not be
more than the transmission capacity/grid
connectivity allowed/sanctioned for existing
wind-solar project.
– This will ensure that no augmentation of
transmission capacity is required.
• CEA (Technical Standards for Construction of
Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations,
2010
Ampacity Based Line Loading and Capacity
of S/S for Wind-Solar• CEA Manual for Transmission Planning for Wind and
Solar (2013):
– Special dispensation and additional criteria for wind and solar
– Capacity factor for the purpose of maximum injection to plan the evacuation system, both for immediate connectivity with ISTS/Intra-STS and for onward transmission requirement, may be taken as under:
– The ‘N-1’ criteria may not be applied to an immediate connectivity of wind-solar farms with ISTS/Intra-STS grid
– As the generation of energy at a wind farm is possible only with the prevalence of wind, the thermal line loading limit of the lines connecting wind machine(s)/farm to the nearest grid point may be assessed considering 12 km/hour wind speed.
6
Voltage (kV) Line Loading Cap. (MW) S/S Capacity (MVA)
400 450 1,500 MVA
220 250 500 MVA
132 90 150 MVA
66 27 75 MVA
Voltage/
Aggregate Level132 kV 220 kV 400 kV
State
(as Whole)
Capacity factor 80% 75% 70% 60%
• Despite CEA Manual in 2013, very few states have adopted this special dispensation in planning.
• Additional wind-solar generation capacity (up to 30-40%) can be absorbed at an existing grid S/S
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Development of Framework for Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE
• No utility scale hybrid project (wind-solar) has been implemented across the country.
• Comprehensive Study for the Development of Suitable Framework for promotion of hybrid
projects was necessary.
• Study initiated as part of PACE-D Technical Assistance Program to comprehensively cover
technical, commercial, and regulatory aspects of wind-solar hybrid development in Karnataka
and Rajasthan:
– Identifying challenges for deployment of hybrid RE in the states.
– Formulating suitable regulatory intervention measures and policy framework necessary to
address the challenges.
– Enabling framework for existing wind-solar power developers in the states to explore
options for the development of Brownfield and Greenfield hybrid RE projects.
7
As part of study, comprehensive framework has been developed for hybrid RE development.
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE Potential Mapping
• Karnataka
• Mapping of solar and wind resource potential suggests ideal location for wind-solar hybrid RE: Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Gadak, and Belgaum
• Rajasthan
• Mapping of solar and wind resource potential suggests ideal location for wind-solar hybrid RE: Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, and Bikaner
8Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Key Challenges for Development of Hybrid RE
9
• Need for flexibility of off-take arrangements:
– Multiple generators/owners with sale options
(TPS/captive/sale to DISCOM/inter-state)
needs to be enabled
• Tariff treatment:
– Generic hybrid RE tariff is not necessary
– Composition of share of wind:solar (W:S)
for hybrid will depend upon site specific
aspects
• Treatment under RPO:
– Need to separately track solar/non-solar
RPO
• Clarity on extending fiscal/financial benefits
under wind policy, solar policy and investment
schemes to hybrid RE:
– Eligible hybrid RE project(s)/capacity, share
of W:S
• Interconnection point and metering point:
– Different practices for wind and solar being
followed in the state
– Clear demarcation of roles (STU/developer)
• Transmission and evacuation arrangement:
– Planning codes/standards to recognize
benefits of hybrid operations (30 to 40
percent)
• Metering and energy accounting:
– Need for modification of procedures for
joint meter reading and loss apportionment
• Forecasting and scheduling regime:
– Rules for F&S and deviation settlement for
wind and solar to align for hybrid options
Technical Aspects Commercial Aspects
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Technical Aspects: Interconnection and Metering Point
10
0
SG
0
SGSG SGProposed Solar installation (SG+ feeder+feeder bay)
WT
GF
ee
de
rsS
GF
ee
de
rs
Proposed Metering
Point for Hybrid
RE
Existing Metering
point
Level of Metering Description
0 Individual WTG/SG level
1 and 2 33 kV feeder level
3 EHV side of pooling S/S at site
4 Grid S/S of KPTCL
• Clear demarcation of solar generation and wind power generation is important from the perspective
of energy accounting, scheduling requirement and RPO compliance.
• Rules for interconnection and metering arrangement for hybrid RE should address the requirements.
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Need for Overarching Framework for Implementing
Brownfield Hybrid RE
11
Key ChallengesBrownfield Wind-Solar
Hybrid
Ownership of existing facilities
(turbines/ modules)
Issue of land ownership
Modifications to PPA
Feasibility of evacuation
infrastructure and sharing
costs
Exploringre-powering opportunity
Regulatory treatment of
additional cost and incremental
generation
Need for encouraging suitable business model and devising overarching
framework for hybrid RE
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Framework for Hybrid RE and Intervention Measures
12
• Guidelines and eligibility criteria for recognition of hybrid RE
• Funding support to STU/CTU through NCEF
• Provisioning of fiscal incentives/benefits
Policy
• Enabling regulatory environment for hybrid RE by SERC
• Facilitative framework of tariff and RPO/REC regulations and grid connectivity for hybrid RE to be in place
Regulation• Amendment to metering
procedure/protocol
• Simplified procedures for energy accounting and commercial settlement
• Priority of preference in transmission/evacuation planning
Utility Process
Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.
Thank You
Contact:
Balawant Joshi +91 98214 21630Ajit Pandit +91 98211 08222
Email: [email protected]
Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Hyderabad
801, Crystal Plaza,158, CST Road,Kalina, Santacruz (E),Mumbai — 400 098Phone: +91 22 4057 0200
A-31, Second Floor,Lajpat Nagar II, Near Lajpat Metro Station,New Delhi — 110 024Phone: +91 11 4943 4000
T2, 8C, Millennium City IT Park,DN 62, Sector V, Salt Lake,Kolkata — 700 091Phone: +91 33 3012 8485
House No. 3-51, Flat No. 201,Abhishek Towers,(Opp. HAL Gate), Balanagar,Hyderabad — 500 042Phone: +91 40 6999 8062