INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED …...INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES This project is supported by the Foundation for Polish

INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES This project is supported by the Foundation for Polish Science – MPD program, co-financed by the European Union within the European Regional Development Fund

Three-Nucleon dynamics With

BINA detector

By:

Ghanshyam Khatri

Supervisors:

Prof. Stanisław Kistryn, (Jagiellonian University, Poland)

Prof. Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, (KVI & University of Groningen, The Netherlands)

22 May, 2012 PhD Seminar @ Jagiellonian University

Self Intro

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Self Intro

• from a small city SURAT, not far from Mumbai !

3

Self Intro

• from a small city SURAT, not far from Mumbai !

• Before coming to UJ : 2007, B.Sc. - Physics @ Navyug Sci. College (VNSGU) 2007, May-July, Summer Project @ BARC-Mumbai 2007-08, Sci. Asst. Job @ Inst. for Plasma Research, India 2008-10, Joint-European Master in Nuclear Fusion @ Ghent University, Belgium Nancy University, France Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 2010-present

4

Outline

• Introduction

• Three-body(3N) dynamics

• BINA Detector

• Present and Future

• Summary

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Introduction

How many known forces in Nature ?

1. Gravity (Newton’s apple) 2. Electromagnetic (Sun light) 3. Weak Nuclear (Fukushima & Chernobyl) 4. Strong Nuclear (Reactor & Bombs)

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Introduction



7

Introduction



1935 (Yukawa-theory): ‘Meson exchange between two nucleon’

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Ph

oto

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: Sc

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to L

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Introduction




1947 (Powell & his team ): ‘Experimentally found Meson’

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Ph

oto

Cre

dit

: W

ikip

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: Sc

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Introduction





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Ph

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: W

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Introduction





Smoking Meson ??? 11

Ph

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: W

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Modern phenomenological/meson exchange NN potentials:

Nijmegen I Nijmegen II CD-Bonn Argonne V18 …

…today after almost 6 decades !

Introduction

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…are able to explain the Interaction between two nucleons accurately e.g. np- & nn-scattering , deuteron (2H) properties

np-scattering

Experiment Theory ̶ ̶ ̶

. . .

High precision data from Los Alamos W. P. Abfalterer et al., PRL 81, 57 (1998)


Introduction

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…are able to explain the Interaction between two nucleons accurately e.g. np- & nn-scattering , deuteron (2H) properties

np-scattering


. . .



Introduction

Most of the present NN-scattering data can be reproduced solely with 2NF models with χ2 /datum ~ 1, but…

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np-scattering


. . .


Introduction

…but FAILS to describe larger system (A>2) !

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even for the simplest A=3 e.g. 3H and 3He ….unable to reproduce the data

np-scattering

nd-scattering


. . .


Introduction

…but FAILS to describe larger system (A>2) !

Model Triton B.E. [MeV]

Nijm I 7.72

Nijm II 7.62

AV18 7.62

Reid-93 7.63

Exp. 8.48

H. Witala et al. PRL 81, 1183 (1998) St. Kistryn et al. PRC 68, 054004 (2003)

+

V12+V23 +V31=Vtheory

=

3N System

….a new notion: Three-Nucleon Force (3NF)

3NF = V123

~

Introduction

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+

V12+V23 +V31=Vtheory

=

3N System

….a new notion: Three-Nucleon Force (3NF)

3NF = V123

~

….adding 3NF in original 2NF helps !

Model 3H [MeV] 4He [MeV]

2NF 7.62 24.2

2NF +3NF 8.47 28.3

Experiment 8.48 28.4

H. Witala et al. PRL 81, 1183 (1998) St. Kistryn et al. PRC 68, 054004 (2003)

CD-Bonn+TM99 AV18+Urbana XI

additional 3NF

Introduction

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Introduction Ab-initio calculations for light nuclei

(+3NF)

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Introduction Ab-initio calculations for light nuclei

(+3NF)

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3N dynamics

…why he said like this ?

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3N dynamics

Three-body forces in nature; example

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3N dynamics

Three-body forces in nature; example

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3N dynamics Three-body forces in a NUCLEAR system !

N

N

N

3

1

3

1

2

2 ji

ij

i i

vm

H

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3N dynamics Three-body forces in a NUCLEAR system !

N

N

N

3

1

3

1

2

2 ji

ij

i i

vm

H

Vvm

Hji

ij

i i

3

1

3

1

2

2

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3N dynamics Hot-Spot to see 3NF: intermediate energies ?!

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3N dynamics Hot-Spot to see 3NF: intermediate energies ?!

3NF contribution

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3N dynamics Theoretical models

provides exact treatment for the 3N system also allows to include 3NF

Faddeev framework (based on pairwise N-N interactions)

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Main 2NF Models -Nijmegen I & II -CD Bonn (Charge Dependant) -Argonne V18 - …


Calculations from: Prof. Witała and Prof. Glöckle

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Additional 3NF Models -Tucson Melbourne (TM99) -Urbana IX - Illinois (IL2) - …


+


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Additional 3NF Models -Tucson Melbourne (TM99) -Urbana IX - Illinois (IL2) - …


+

Other Approaches: Coupled Channels with Δ-isobar excitation (Prof. Deltuva, Portugal) Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) only upto NNLO (Prof. Epelbaum, Germany)


K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

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3N dynamics Models vs. Data

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

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K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

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K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

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K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

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K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp

pd

ela

stic

sca

tter

ing

cro

ss s

ecti

on

s

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3N dynamics

Are we done ? …No !

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3N dynamics


3NFs helped to improve theories, but still some discrepancy remains Do we understand the exact form of 3NFs !!? Include other ingredients ? Can we consider the validity through complete phase-space of 3N dynamics ? Urgent need for systematic and High-Precision data-base Next steps: dp-breakup, 4N-system detailed root-map to the 3N-system

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3N dynamics



Are there effects other than 3NFs ? …Yes

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3N dynamics



Are there effects other than 3NFs ? …Yes

Coulomb and Relativistic (but importance is limited in certain region of phase-space) Recently coulomb effect was included successfully in the calculations with coupled channel calculations ! [Prof. Deltuva, Portugal] Relativistic effects, recent work !! 4NF ? (ChPT predicts 2NF>>3NF>>4NF)

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3N dynamics

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3N dynamics

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BINA Detector

• Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (a 4π detector)

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BINA Detector


BINA @AGOR 2004-2012

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BINA Detector


BINA @AGOR 2004-2012

MWPC

ΔE E

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BINA Detector

150 phoswich Scintillators =Target chamber (~10-5 mbar)

Forward scintillators (E-wall)

[9x12x220 cm3]

Thin scintillators for particle identification

(ΔE -wall) [1.8x10.8x0.1 cm3]

Wire chamber (MWPC) Three planes X, Y & U [118x118x148 wires]

Beam

Wall covers θ=10-35 ͦ

+ Ball covers

θ=up to 165 ͦ ≡

4π Phase-Space

MWPC: CF4(80%) + Isobutene(20%) gas-mixture 20µm diameter tungsten wire

Ball: Triangular fast scint. and slow phoswitch parts connected to PMT’s through lightguide

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BINA Detector Liquid Target

thin transparent CH2 foil

Liquid Hydrogen (and Deuterium)

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Very tricky to handle it



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Very tricky to handle it Hydrogen and Deuterium (gas-liquid phase transition @ few Kelvin) Balancing gas pressure within mechanical-stress limit of the target foil Filling in steps: insert a little gas which can be handle by the target foil and then cool it down to liquid (sudden pressure drop), repeat it …



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Very tricky to handle it Hydrogen and Deuterium (gas-liquid phase transition @ few Kelvin) Balancing gas pressure within mechanical-stress limit of the target foil Filling in steps: insert a little gas which can be handle by the target foil and then cool it down to liquid (sudden pressure drop), repeat it … KVI Record: I’m the only - handled the target system without breaking !



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Present & Future

Present

Future

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Present & Future

Data Analysis of dp and dd @ Ed=160 MeV from the last Experiment with BINA Results Planed for Poster presentation @ ENPC-2012, Bucharest 2012: Giving new life to BINA @ BCC (Bronowice Cyclotron Center), Krakow

Present

Future

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Present & Future

Data Analysis of dp and dd @ Ed=160 MeV from the last Experiment with BINA Results Planed for Poster presentation @ ENPC-2012, Bucharest 2012: Giving new life to BINA @ BCC (Bronowice Cyclotron Center), Krakow

BINA@BCC; new experiments with proton beam up-to 250 MeV, BINA@BCC; construction of polarized targets ?? WASA@COSY ; Experiment in Jan-2013 (may be polarized beam ?) Extend the study to larger nucleon system (A>3), 4NF ? Look for exclusive channels and other observables Fine-tuning of models with inclusion of additional components in the dynamics e.g. coulomb and relativistic effects, N3LO for ChPT, different meson-exchanges…

Present

Future

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Summary

3NF definitely improves models: we are in right direction !

Looking for effects beyond 2NF+3NF : coulomb, Relativistic, 4NF

BINA gets “residence permit ” in Poland !

Make systematic and high-precision database to validate the models

3NF Experiments at : KVI, RIKEN, RCNP, IUCF, Julich and

and now BINA@BCC in Krakow

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Thank you for your attention !!!

Documents

INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED …...INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES This project is supported by the Foundation for Polish