International Law Studies—Volume 23

International Law Decisions and Notes

U.S. Naval War College (Editor)

The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S.

Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College.

INDEX

Action: Pag&

In personam and by other form______________ ___________________ 1

Joint----------------~--------------------------------------- 111 Offensive----------------------------------------------------- 107

Acts of foreign sovereign------------------------------------ ~------ 73 Administrative decisions, Mixed Claims Commission________________ 173, 17 4 Admiralty jurisdiction _________________________________________ -___ 23, 44.:

Agreement: Managing---------------------------------------------------- 197 Operating---------------------------------------------------- 197

Alamance, steamship______________________________________________ 205 Ambassador, immunity of__________________________________________ 67 Armed:

For defensive purposes_________________________________________ 202 Merchantmen, for defen~ive purposes ____________________________ ~ 201

ShiP------------------------------------------------- -- 10~ 10~ 106 Vessels---------------------------------------- 109,112,115,117,119

Assistance to enemy__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3

Attack, submarine _____________ ------------------------___________ 201 Awards, interest on ______ ---------------- __ --·------------------___ 188 Bareboat charter ------------------------------------------ - 196, 211, 212 Barges as contraband______________________________________________ 156 Barred zones. (See "War zones.") Basis of damages_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 7 5 Belonging to ________________________________________ ----_________ 207 Bernisse, The ____________________________________________ -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121

Blockaded area---------------------------------------------- ----- 3 Blonde, The------------------------------------------------- ----- 131 Bo~ts, exemption of small----------------------------------- ------- 164 Bounty____________________________________________ 108, 109, 110, 112, 113 Captain, conduct of. (See "Suspicious conduct of captain.") Capture------------------------------------------------------ --- 76

· On suspicion_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123

Cargo:

: . ~:~:g~1-~~============================================ ====== ~ Character, military ______________ ----- _______________________ 210, 211, 214

Charlott~ the---------------------------------------------- ------ 4~ Charter------------------------------------------------ ---- 77, 81, 87, 8~

Bareboat--------------------------------------- -------- 196, 211, 212· Force_ ~f ~ __________________________________ __________ -=- _______ . 79·

Requisition________________________________________ _________ 196, 209·

Time--------------------------------------- ----------------- 208· ·· Time-form_______________________________________ ____________ 19G

Charterer, liability oL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 9_hristian Boles, the __________________________________________ ~ ___ -:- J 71

. 33474-25t-15 217

218 INDEX

Page Civilian losses ___ ------------ ______________________________ ------- 191 Coal:

Deliveries of_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S4

Supplying--------------~------------------------------------- S6 Code, German____________________________________________________ 17 4 Collision __________________________________________ 7, 33, 45, 60, 69, 91, 101

Causeof_____________________________________________________ 21 Liability_____________________________________________________ 22

Columbia, U.S. 8------------------------------------------------- 17 Com1nission: .

For relief in Belgium---------~-------------------------------- 2, 7 Public-------------------------~----------------------------- 31

Co min on carriage_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Compensation __________________________________ 14S, 149,175, 1S1, 1S3, 1S6 Conditional release________________________________________________ - 76 Conduct of captain. (See "Suspicious conduct of captain.") Confiscation of vessel_ ____________________________________________ 76, 149 Conner, The_____________________________________________________ 1~

Construction of treaty_____________________________________________ lSi Construing of int~riiational.instrumQnt ____________________________ -_ _ 142

Continuous voyage------------------------~----------------------- S2 Contraband, barges as______________________________________________ 156 Convoy, enemy _________________ ·__________________________________ 203 Course, deviation from____________________________________________ 3 1Damages------------------------------------------------------ 174, lSi

Basis of estimate ____________________________________________ 175,176 Cargo_______________________________________________________ S

ExemplarY------------------------------------------------- lSO, 1S2 One-half_____________________________________________________ 13

Days of grace ______________________________________________ 133,135,138 Reciprocity as to_____________________________________________ 141

Decisions: International Law Volume of 1922 __ ----------------------------International tribunals ________________________________________ _

.. ~ ixed· commissions_ : ..: :.. ______________________________________ _ National courts ______________________________________________ _ Official language _____________________________________________ _

Translations--------------------------------------------------Declaration of London ___________________________________________ _ Defense _________________________________________________________ _

Armed for purposes of ________________________________________ _ Merchantmen, arming for purposes of_ _________________________ _

Deficiency act, urgent __________________________ .,. _________________ _ Deliveries of coal ________________________________________________ _

Destina\ion:

VII VII VII VII VII VII

S2,S7 107 202 201 100

S4

EnemY------------------------------------------------------ 166 False-------------------------------------------------------- 162 Presumption of enemy ________________ -------------- __ --------_ 15S

Destruction _________________________ ~ _________________________ Sl, S2, S9 Of prize_____________________________________________________ 170

Detention of vesseL ___________________________ -·- _- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 Deviation from course _____________________________________ - ____ -- - 3, 10 Do cum en ts, speciaL _______________________________ - _ - - - - - - - - - - ---- 125

INDEX 219

Page I>raupner,the____________________________________________________ 80 Dutch ships, requisitioned_________________________________________ 189

Elve, the __________ ~---------------------------------------------- 121 Emergency Fleet Corporation. (See "Shipping Board.") Enemy:

Assistance to ___________ ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Convoy______________________________________________________ 203 Destination___________________________________________________ 166 Destination, presumption of____________________________________ 158 Owned vessel_________________________________________________ 2 Vessels_______________________________________________________ 117 Vessels and cargo ____________________________________________ 131, 167

Eorus, the________________________________________________________ 169

Esperanza, the ___ ~------------------------------------------------ 14,86 Espiegle, I-I. M. S_________________________________________________ 108 Espionage________________________________________________________ 4 European food relief _______ -______________________________ ..: __ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7

Eva~on-------------------------------------------------------~-- 3 Examination in port _______________________________________ ·________ 127 Exemplary damages__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180, 182 Exemption of small boats__________________________________________ 164 False destination__________________________________________________ 162 Ferry regulations__________________________________________________ 9 Fleet Corporation. (See "Shipping Board.") Force of charter__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 9

Foreign sovereign: • Acts of_______________________________________________________ 73 Immunity of_ ________________________________________________ ~- 23 Liability of___________________________________________________ 65 Property of___________________________________________________ 7~

Foscolia, the______________________________________________________ 17 German:

Code________________________________________________________ 174 Prize Code _______________________________________________ 83, 87, 158

VVarmethods------------------------------------------------- 145 Gouwzee, the----------------------------------------------------- 156 Government:

Liability ____________________________________________ :-________ 10

PropertY----------------------------------------------------- 191 Governmental:

Function----------------~------------~-~~-~--------~~-------- 7 Non commercial work__________________________________________ 1

Grace, days oL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133, 135, 138 Gul Djemal, the___________________________________________________ 28 Haelen, the_______________________________________________________ 1

Hague Conventions: VI _________ -- _______________ ~__________________________ 143, 153, 154 JCI__________________________________________________________ 5

Hostilities, ignorance of____________________________________________ 163 Hull losses, general rules___________________________________________ 213 Ignorance of hostilities____________________________________________ 163

ImmunitY-------------------------------------------------------- 57 Claim of----------------------------------------------------- 24

220 INDEX

Immunity-Continued. Page

Of ambassador----------------------------------------------- 67 Of forei~n sovereign,.. ________________________________________ ...... 23 Oflocalstate_________________________________________________ 50

Of public vessel employed in trade------------------------------ 30 Ofstate---------------------·--------------~---------------- 52 Sovereign----------------------------------------------------- 34 Sovereign waived--------------------------------------------- 25

IndemnitY------------------------------------------------------- 175 lnj uries, pecuniary________________________________________________ 17 5

Inland rules------------------------------------------------------ 9 Insurance---------------------------------------------------- 12,85,179

Tables------------------------------------------------------- 180 Instructions, routing___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 Interest on awards ___________________________ ------ _______ -----___ 188 International instrument, construing of______________________________ 142

Island, the------------------------------------~------------------ 75 Japanese prize cases ____________________________________________ ... __ 161

John G. McCullough, steamshiP------------------------------------ 209 Joint action_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ill Joint operations__________________________________________________ 109

Joseph Cudahy, steamshiP----------------------------------------- 211 Jurisdiction:

Admiralty ___________________________________ ~ ____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23, 44 Want of_____________________________________________________ 13, 14

Kiel prize court _____________________________________ ;:_____________ 2

Kirkwall practice--------------------------------------- 121,122,124,125 La Bourgoyne---------------------------------------------------- 9 Lawm~rchant---------------------------------------------------- 34 Liability:

For collision__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 For maritime torts____________________________________________ 41

Government-------------------------------------------------- 10 Ofcharterer-------------------------------------------------- 97 Of foreign sovereign _________________________________________ ...... 65

Ofstate_~--------------------------------------------------- 47 Municipal _______________________ ... ____________________________ 9

Tort-------------------------------------------------------- 45 Lien:

Dormant maritime __________________________________ ------~--_ 7 4 Maritime ___ --------------------- 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 96, 97, 101 Maritime against public vesseL ________________ -- ____ ----------- 39

Unenforcible------------------------------------------------- 43 Lighters ________________________ ... ________________________ - _- _--·_ _ ·1 09

Localtrade------------------------------------------------------ 168 London, Declaration of ________ --- __ ---- __ -------------------------Losses, ci viii an ... _ ... ________________ - _ - - - .. - ... - -- - - -- -- - - -- --- - ... --- - - -Lusitania, the_ ......... ____________________ --- _------- ... ---- ......... - ......... - ...... --~ahelas---------------------------------------------------------Managing agreement---------------------------------------------­Maritime:

82,87 191 173 109 197

Law--------------------------------------------------------- 42 Lien _____________________________ 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 96, 97, 101 Lien against public vessel_ ... _----- ___ ------- ...... -- __ --- ... ---------- 39

INDEX 221

Maritime-Continued. Page

Lien, dormant-----------------------------~------------------ 74 Tort--------------------------------------------------------- 42 Tort, immunity from__________________________________________ 48 Tort, liability for _______ .:.______________________________________ 41

Materials______________________________________________________ 192, 193 Mayor Gaynor, the ferryboat_______________________________________ 7

~ental suffering-------------------------------------------------- 177 Merak, steamship_________________________________________________ 206 Merchantmen arming for defensive purposes__________________________ 201 Military:

Character---------------------------------------------- 210,211,214 Materials_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212

Mission, philanthropic_____________________________________________ 3, 6 Mixed Claims Commission-United States and Germany_______________ 173

Administrative decisions _____________________________ ----______ 173 Mobilization for war_______________________________________________ 199 Moreni, the______________________________________________________ 204 Motano, the______________________________________________________ 202 Mudros, the ________________ .. _____________________________________ 22

Municipal liability________________________________________________ 9 Naval and military works·~or··maieHi!-ls::·~· _- ~ _________________________ 189, 198 Naval operations__________________________________________________ 108

Neces~tY-------------------------------------------------------- 6 Negligence----------------------------------------------------- 7, 20,50 New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co_______________________________ 14 Obligations, treaty________________________________________________ 185 Offensive action ___________________ ------ ________ -----_____________ 107 Offensive-defensive________________________________________________ 107 Operating agreement _______ ------- _________ ----- _________ ------___ 197 Operations:

Joint-------------------------------------------------------- 109 Naval_______________________________________________________ 108

Order in council, February, 1917____________________________________ 129 Passengers, status of ________ _.______________________________________ 1 Patent rights ________________________________________________ -.-___ 71 Pecuniary·inj.uries ________________________ ------ __ ____ ____ _ _ __ ____ _ 175 Philanthropic mission______________________________________________ 3, i

Pinar del Rio, steamshiP------------------------------------------- 203 Port:

Examination in _________________________________ -.: __ ,__________ 127

Ofrefuge----------------------------------------------------- 10 Searchin----------------------------------------------------- 121

Porto Alexandre, the_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Porto Rico v. Rosaly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23

Private property at sea-------------------------------------------- 163 Privileged treatment of vesseL ________ - ... ____________________________ 5 Prize:

Cases, Japanese_______________________________________________ 161

Code, German-------------------------------------------- 83, 87, 158 Courtrules--------------------------------------------------- 23 Destruction of________________________________________________ 170

Law·-------------------------------------------------------- 7

222 INDEX

Property: Pap Government____________ __ __ ___________ ____ ___ _____ _____ ____ __ 191 Of foreign sovereign___________________ ____ _________ __ ______ __ 72 Private at sea________________________________________________ 163

Public------------------------------------------------~------ 12 Public:

Commission_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3'1

PropertY----------------------------------------------------- 12 ShiP----~-------------------------------------------------- 19~210 Ship, status__________________________________________________ 198

Vessels------------------------------------------------------- 23 Vessels forfeited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Vessels, services to_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 Vessels, treatment of_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54

Queens, the ferryboat ___ ..:·- _____ _.___________________________________ 7

Raven, steamship A. A-------------------------------------------- 212 Reciprocity as to days of grace_____________________________________ 135

Recompense------------------------------------------------------ 175 Regulations:

FerrY-------------------------------------------------------- 9 MunicipaL___________________________________________________ 9

Release: ConditionaL_________________________________________________ 76

Ofvesse~---------------------------------------------------- 155 Relief of Europe ____________________________________________ ""_____ 12 Reparation_________________________________________________ 175, 186, 190 Requisition _______________________________ .22, 51, 78, 93, 98, 99, 150, 196, 208

Charter------------------~--------------------------------- 196,209 Requisitioned Dutch ships_________________________________________ 189 Restoration of vessels _________ ~____________________________________ 150 Retaliation~-_____________________________________________________ 136 Return voyage____________________________________________________ 215 Rights, patent____________________________________________________ 71 Rochester, steamship ________________________________________ -----_ 204 Rockingham, steamship _______________________ :... ___ :... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200

Rosaly, Porto Rico V---------------------------------------------- 23 Routinginstructions ___________ :...----------------------------------- 201 ·Rules:

International------------------------------------------------­Prize court--------------------------------------------------­

Safe conduct----------------------------------------------------­Safe passage-----------------------------------------------------~

Conditions of _________________________________________ -_-_----

Salvage----------------------------------------------------------Santa Maria, steamship __________________ ---- ______ - ___ --_-_------_

Sao Vincente, the--------------------------------------~---------­Search: At sea ______________________________________________________ _

In port---- - - - -----------------------------------~----------­Sea,vorthiness-------------------------------------~--------------Service:

17 23

1, 5, 6 5 6

24 206

23

123 121

3, 10

To public vesseL __________________________________ ~- _- _------ 53 UnneutraL _______________________________ ------ - ------ ___ 77, 86, 171

Shipping Board, United States ______________________________ 8, 32, 194,195

INDEX 223

Ships: Page

. Of war- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1' 1 09 Public----------------------------------------------------- 199, 210 Public, status of __________________ ----------------------------

Sovereign immunity ________________________ -----------------------·Special documents ____________________ ---- -------- --- ----------- --Speed:

Excessive---------------------------------------------------­~oderate---------------------------------------------------­Undue----~--------------------------------------------------

State: ImmunitY---------------------------------------------------Liability ____________________________________________________ _ Owned vessel _____________________________________________ - __ _

Status: Cargo ______________________________________________________ _

Passengers---------------------------------------------------Public ship __________________________________________________ _ State-charted. vessels _____________ ----- _____ --- _____________ ----sta te'~o~ti~ci;~}r~els..~ _ ~· __________________________________ "" ____ _

Steerage waY-----------------------------------------------------Submarine:

198 34

125

20 18

9

50,52 47 60

1 1

198 1 1

15, 21

Area-------------~------------------------------------------ 122 Attack-----------------------------------------------------~ 201 E. 12, H. ~---------------------------------------------- ---- 113 E. 14, H. ~----------------------------------------------.:.· ___ 103

Suffering, mentaL________________________________________________ 177 Supplying coaL _________________________ ~ _:. ·.:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 Suspicion not well founded ___________________________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172

Suspicious conduct of captain: Destruction of the log_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Erasure of course_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Wish to strike mine ______ ... __________________________ ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ · · · 4

Sylvan Arrow, the-----------------------------------------~~----- 90 Tervaete, the----------------------------------------------------- 59 Texel~steamship~------------------------------------------------- 207 Time charter_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208

Time~ormcharter-------------------------------------------"----- 196 Tort:

Immunity from maritime______________________________________ 48

LiabilitY----------------------------------------------------- 45 Maritime, liability for_________________________________________ 41

Trade, local______________________________________________________ 168 Treaty:

Construction_________________________________________________ 187 Obligations___________________________________________________ 185

Treaty of Versailles _____________ 134,151,152,153,185,189,190,199,208,215 Tyler, steamship_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 0 5 Unenforcible liens ______________________________________ ·___________ 43

United States Shipping Board. (See "Shipping. Board.") Unneutral service ____ ~---------------------------------------- 77, 86, 171 Urgent deficiency act______________________________________________ 100 Versailles, Treaty of. (See "Treaty of Versailles.")

224 INDEX

Vessels: Pap

Armed-- ----------------------------------------------- 115, 117, 119 Charter------------------------------------------------- - ---- 1 Charter and l~ase ___________ --- __ __ __ ___ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ __ 33

Collisions. (See ''Collision.'') Confiscation_________________________________________________ 76, 149 Conveying necessities ___________________ ----- _____________ ----_ 5

I>etention of------------------------------------------------- 149 Employed as merchant ____ -----------------___________________ 33

Employed in public service------------------------------------- 33 EnemY-------------------------------~---------------------- 117 Enemy and cargo ___________________________________________ 131, 167

Enemy-owned------------------------------------------------ 2 Jurisdiction ______________________________________________ ..::___ 11 Ownership ______________ ---- ______ -------- ___ --- __________ -:__ 1 Privileged treatment__________________________________________ 5

Public------------------------------------------------------~ · 23 Public bu~ness-----------------------------------------~----- 11 Public, maritime lien against___________________________________ 39 Public, services to _______ ----_..:- ________ -------- ______ ----_____ 53 Public, treatment of ________________ ---- ____ .:. __________________ ! 54-Release of ____________________________ --- ________ ------_______ 155

Restoration of------------------------------------------------ 150 Safe conduct to _____ ----- _________________________________ ~-·~- 5

Service------------------------------------------------------ 1 State-employed----------------------------------------------- 23 State-owned-------------------------------------------------~ 60 Status of State-owned and State-chartered _________________ _;_____ 1

War, navigation of&------------------------------------------· 17 Wages _____________________________________ - _..: -·-.:..: ________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85

War: Methods, German ____ ---- ___ ----------------------- __ -----____ 145 Mobilization for _______ --------- __________ ----------- ____ ----- 199 Vessel, navigation of ______ ----------------------- __ ----------· 17 Zones------------------------------------------------------- 1,3,4

Waubesa, the----------------------------------------------------- 7 Western Maid, the __ ------------------------------------------- ~ 11, 13, 32 Zuiderzee, the __ _. _________ ----------------- ____ ---- ________ -<----·-- 156

Zuimo, the------------------------------------------------------- 161

0

-. ·..... ~ • ...: .... ~ - .~·- 0

.... £... ... ;....,·:- •• 0 -1'1l ~:": ... : _,