4
EFFECTS OF HHO GAS ON COMBUSTION EMISSIONS IN GASOLINE ENGINES Navin Tiwari 1 , Jay Yadav 2 , Shubham Singh 3 , Shivam Patel 4 Student, Mechanical department, Laxmi institute of Technology, Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat Corresponding Author Detail: Navin Tiwari Student, Mechanical department, Laxmi institute of Technology, Sarigam-Valsad, Gujarat. Internal Guide Detail: Mr. Chetan Patel Assistant Professor, Mechanical department, Laxmi institute of Technology, Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat. ABSTRACT In this project, effects of HHO gas on combustion emission in gasoline engine are described with experimental setup. Alternate fuel is important and it should be a fossil fuel .As we spend1/3 of our economy for our vehicle and it also releases harmful gases which is undesirable for our environment. Water is one of the free, cheapest and clean alternatives, it can be combined with hydrogen gas which could be termed as HHO gas. To avoid these drawbacks, some level of HHO is mixed with filtered air, which is after the air filter system and before the engine is taken system of the vehicle. By applying this system we can control the harmful wastes up to certain percentage. From the above description we can say that the fuel efficiency and vehicle performance is increased. This is the safest method to give clean and healthy environment to the next generation KEYWORDS: Auto emissions, Brown’s gas (HHO), Fuel cell (FC), Nitrogen monoxide (NO), Nitrogen oxides (NO X ) INTRODUCTION The compact HHO generating device on a gasoline engine. The nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), and fuel consumption were reduced by 50%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, with an addition of HHO gas. The effect of HHO addition on CI engines was studied by Yilmaz et al.;An increase in engine torque by an average of 19.1%, a reduction in CO and Hydrocarbons (HC) emissions, and Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) by averages of 13.5%, 5%, and 14%, respectively have studied the effect of H 2 enrichment on a SI methanol- fueled engine, and reported an increase in Brake Mean Effective Pressure (B mep ) and both the thermal and volumetric efficiencies, with 3% of H 2 by volume of the intake air. the experiment on a single cylinder SI gasoline engine while injecting H 2 in the intake manifold in volumetric fractions (V f ) of the intake air between 5% and 25%. The results reported a continuous increase in B mep and thermal efficiency, and a decrease in both HC and CO emissions, with an increase in H 2 fraction. Unfavorably, a corresponding increase in NO x was reported with the rise in H 2 %. The experiment on a SI 4-cylinder gasoline engine to investigate the performance of H 2 /gasoline blends. In most of the experiments, the engine was operated in a city driving condition of 1400 rpm. Results in the general qualities offered by H 2 without any other modifications to the engine. Notably, the spark timing of the original International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 82

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Page 1: International Journal of Scientific Research in ... · With detailed experimental analysis & with some modificatio. n of engine makes more usefulness of HHO than the HHO used in the

EFFECTS OF HHO GAS ON COMBUSTION EMISSIONS IN GASOLINE ENGINES

Navin Tiwari1, Jay Yadav

2, Shubham Singh

3, Shivam Patel

4

Student, Mechanical department, Laxmi institute of Technology, Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat

Corresponding Author Detail:

Navin Tiwari

Student, Mechanical department,

Laxmi institute of Technology,

Sarigam-Valsad, Gujarat.

Internal Guide Detail:

Mr. Chetan Patel

Assistant Professor, Mechanical department,

Laxmi institute of Technology,

Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat.

ABSTRACT

In this project, effects of HHO gas on combustion emission in gasoline engine are described

with experimental setup. Alternate fuel is important and it should be a fossil fuel .As we

spend1/3 of our economy for our vehicle and it also releases harmful gases which is

undesirable for our environment. Water is one of the free, cheapest and clean alternatives, it

can be combined with hydrogen gas which could be termed as HHO gas. To avoid these

drawbacks, some level of HHO is mixed with filtered air, which is after the air filter system

and before the engine is taken system of the vehicle. By applying this system we can control

the harmful wastes up to certain percentage. From the above description we can say that the

fuel efficiency and vehicle performance is increased. This is the safest method to give clean

and healthy environment to the next generation

KEYWORDS: Auto emissions, Brown’s gas (HHO), Fuel cell (FC), Nitrogen monoxide

(NO), Nitrogen oxides (NOX)

INTRODUCTION

The compact HHO generating device on a gasoline engine. The nitrogen oxides (NOx),

carbon monoxide (CO), and fuel consumption were reduced by 50%, 20%, and ∼30%,

respectively, with an addition of HHO gas. The effect of HHO addition on CI engines was

studied by Yilmaz et al.;An increase in engine torque by an average of 19.1%, a reduction in

CO and Hydrocarbons (HC) emissions, and Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) by averages of

13.5%, 5%, and 14%, respectively have studied the effect of H2 enrichment on a SI methanol-

fueled engine, and reported an increase in Brake Mean Effective Pressure (Bmep) and both the

thermal and volumetric efficiencies, with 3% of H2 by volume of the intake air. the

experiment on a single cylinder SI gasoline engine while injecting H2 in the intake manifold

in volumetric fractions (Vf) of the intake air between 5% and 25%. The results reported a

continuous increase in Bmep and thermal efficiency, and a decrease in both HC and CO

emissions, with an increase in H2 fraction. Unfavorably, a corresponding increase in NOx was

reported with the rise in H2%. The experiment on a SI 4-cylinder gasoline engine to

investigate the performance of H2/gasoline blends. In most of the experiments, the engine

was operated in a city driving condition of 1400 rpm. Results in the general qualities offered

by H2 without any other modifications to the engine. Notably, the spark timing of the original

International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017

IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 82

Page 2: International Journal of Scientific Research in ... · With detailed experimental analysis & with some modificatio. n of engine makes more usefulness of HHO than the HHO used in the

gasoline operation was not modified, despite the predictable fast combustion of H2/gasoline.

The results demonstrate a most profound enhancement in Bmep and thermal efficiency in lean

conditions, and an increase in peak cylinder pressure and an advance in the corresponding

crank angle (CA) with the increase in H2% [4][5]

.

This paper illustrates what is the effect of the partial inclusion of the HHO gas into the

conventional S.I engine along with the petrol.As we know that current global economy faces

problems in the fossil fuels and fossil fuels end in the nearest future. Another reason is that,

these fossil fuels are also harmful for the environment. It affects the protection layer of the

earth i.e. Ozone layer as well as global warming effect & green house effects.Internal

combustion engine in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the cylinder is known

as I.C engine, the procedure of combustion are directly the motive fluid. Petrol & Diesel

engine are the examples of this type, where the working substance is the product of

combustion.In this project we are using Spark Ignition Four Stroke I.C Engine. BASIC

WORKING OF Four Stroke Spark Ignition (S.I) Engine:Mainly, S.I engine working fuel is

petrol which also termed as Gasoline.Petrol engine takes air and petrol mixture at required

proposition which is taken into the intake manifold of an engine and ignited spark plug

when the charge is compressed. The four stroke S.I engine was introduced in 1876 by

Nicolaus August Otto.[3]

OBSERVATION

Load(kg) Petrol as a fuel

S1

S2

S1

-S2

Dru

m s

pee

d

RP

M

En

gin

e sp

eed

RP

M

Tim

e ta

ken

fo

r

10cc

of

fuel

to

be

consu

med

B.P

(KW

)

T.H

(%)

S.F

.C(k

J/K

W-

hr.

)

25 6 19

271

1045

32

0.9

5

10.1

1

0.8

48

25 6 19

5988

2310

25

2.1

16.6

0.5

1

25 5 20

806

3116

23

2.9

8

22.8

0.3

7

25 5 20

1109

4287

22

4.1 29

0.2

95

25 5 20

1406

5435

13

5.2

22.3

0.3

8

International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017

IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 83

Page 3: International Journal of Scientific Research in ... · With detailed experimental analysis & with some modificatio. n of engine makes more usefulness of HHO than the HHO used in the

SCOPE OF WORK:

As advantages and conclusion states that this is useful device which should be implement in

every vehicle. Design of electrolyzer unit of SI engine, CI engine, Multi cylinder engine,

Using more safety device like cut-off switch in on/of switch to prevent electrolyze to run

unnecessarily.

With detailed experimental analysis & with some modification of engine makes more

usefulness of HHO than the HHO used in the conventional engine.

Make modifications in valve timing can make efficient use of HHO in the engine. As in

conventional S.I engine the valve timing diagram is set to the limit of air-fuel ratio. But in

this case adding supplementary fuel HHO along with the air-fuel mixture not set to the

conventional valve timing. So if try to improve valve timing of an engine taking

consideration of HHO as supplementary fuel.

OBJECTIVE

Expected Gains In Mileage:

• Could gain between 30%-50% for most petrol driven cars

• The gains are largely dependent on the maker of our vehicle and engine size. The bigger

the engine, the greater the gains that will be seen. These gains will be achieved with no

modifications to engine.

S1

S2

Dru

m s

pee

d

RP

M

En

gin

e sp

eed

RP

M

Tim

e ta

ken

fo

r 1

0cc

fuel

co

nsu

med

B.P

(KW

)

T.H

(%)

Sfc

(kj/

kw

-hr.

)

25 6

30

2

11

68

36

1.0

6

12

.41

0.6

78

25 6

64

1

24

78

28

2.2

5

20

.62

0.4

1

25 5

86

6

33

48

27

3.2

28

.1

0.3

01

25 5

11

36

43

92

25

4.2

34

.3

0.2

45

25 5

14

87

57

52

15

5.5

26

.04

0.3

23

20

20

20

19

19

S1

-S2

Load(KG) Petrol + HHO as fuel

International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017

IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 84

Page 4: International Journal of Scientific Research in ... · With detailed experimental analysis & with some modificatio. n of engine makes more usefulness of HHO than the HHO used in the

Increased Power:

• Engine will run much smoother with an increase in power of about 10% because of the

better combustion, as a result of the combination of fuel and HHO being burnt together.

• HHO burns 200 times faster than petrol helping your fuels burn rate increase resulting in

a more complete burn. This actually makes your engine run cooler which also means less

engine wear.

• The better burn of your fuel is what gives the economy.

CONCLUSION

The Petrol engine performance and emission analysis are conducted with Petrol + HHO and

petrol respectively. Thus the performance and emission analysis results are compared after

conducting the tests with petrol on „Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline + HHO and

petrol respectively. The following conclusions are observed as follows:

• Use of HHO in gasoline engine increases the power output of the engine around 5.7%.[3]

• The HHO gas kit can be easily constructed and easily integrated with existing engines at

low cost[3]

.

• Thermal Efficiency increases around 5%[3]

• The engine tended to run richer under higher loads[1]

• Introduction of HHO led to increase power and torque[1]

• The combustion efficiency has been enhanced when HHO gas has been introduced to

the air/fuel mixture, consequently reducing fuel consumption[2]

.

REFERENCES

1. “Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake

manifold”. Article in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, 2010, published by

Ammar A. Al-Rousan, Department of mechanical engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Mutah, Al-Karak 61710 Jordan. Article was published on 30th

august 2010.

2. “Effect of HHO on four Stroke Petrol Engine Performance”, a research paper submitted

in 9th

South African Conference on Computational and Applied Mechanics Somerset

West in 2014 by Daniel M. Madyira, Wayne G. Harding, Department of Mechanical

Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University of

Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, [email protected]

3. “Experimental Analysis of Hydro Enhanced Automobile Engine”. A journal published in

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website:

www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 8,

and in 2014) by VikasSonthalia, Mohan RadheshMallya, Aksah

4. Sonthalia&K.S.Sridhar, Department of mechanical engineering, PESIT,100ft. Ring road,

Banashankari 3rd

stage, bengaluru-560085.

5. A.A. Al-Rousan,Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO

gas into intake manifold,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (2010),

6. S.e.A. Musmar, A.A. Al-Rousan,Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline

engines,Fuel, 90 (10) (2011).

International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017

IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 85