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Restricted T " Q A T\J UNDP/IRA/90/009 XJV/ \ l l | Terminal Report

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (NEES)

Project Findings and Recommendations

Serial N o . F M R / S C / G E O / 9 4 / 2 4 1 ( U N D P )

United Nations Educational, United Nations Scientific and Development Cultural Organization Programme

Paris, 1994

I R A N

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND SEISMOLOGY (IIEES)

Project Findings and Recommendations

Report prepared for the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( U N E S C O ) acting as Executing Agency for the United Nations Development Programme ( U N D P )

United Nations Educational, United Nations Scientific and Cultural Development Organization Programme

UNDP/IRA/90/009 Terminal Report FMR/SC/GEO/94/241 (UNDP) 12 December 1994

(c) UNESCO 1994 Printed in France

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of U N E S C O concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Summary ii

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2

III. ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS 3

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE 7

V. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8

APPENDICES

1. List of International Consultants 12

2. List of UNESCO Fellowships 14

3. List of Major Items of Equipment Supplied to the Pro j ect 17

4. List of Research Projects 18

5. IIEES Brochure 20

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SUMMARY

Total Government Contribution: Rls 148,900,000 (in kind)

Total UNDP Contribution: US $ 384,723

a) Objectives

The objectives of the project were to put the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology into operation and to facilitate the commencement of the research activities.

b) Outputs sought and produced

One may mention the following achievements:

- most of the items of equipment are installed and research activities have started;

- the technical staff of IIEES has been trained for the operation and maintenance of the equipment.

- specialists in seismology and earthquake engineering have been trained on-site and abroad.

c) Findings and recommendations

- Research in structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, seismology and seismotectonics is carried out and communicated in and outside Iran.

- Research reports, books and a regular bimonthly newsletter are published by IIEES.

- The Iranian seismic network is planned and the equipment has been purchased.

- An important educational programme of courses, conferences and seminars for engineers of the public and the private sectors, together with media information activities have been implemented and are programmed for the future.

- The number of technical and scientific personnel should be increased.

- The construction of the IIEES permanent complex should be accelerated.

- IIEES should proceed to the dynamic testing of the different types of buildings existing in Iran.

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d) Lessons learnt

The implementation of this project which has accompanied the first years of IIEES after its birth has been an important vector in consolidating and expounding further the mission of the institute. The results of this project constitute an agent of growth and development of IIEES in the coming years. The education and training provided to the IIEES staff have enabled them to decrease a gradual dependence of the institute on foreign expertise.

IRA/90/009 - International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)

TERMINAL REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Islamic Republic of Iran is situated in a very seisraically active area belonging to the Alpine-Himalayan Seismic belt. It is penetrated by several tectonic units and seismic zones, where many earthquakes occurred in the past and inflicted serious damage and loss of lives. In the past four decades, about 120,000 people have died in Iran as the results of earthquake disasters. The most recent earthquake occurred on 21 June 1990 with a death-toll of 36,893 and material damage estimated over 500 billion rials (approximately 7.0 billion US dollars). The most destructive earthquakes with the magnitude exceeding 7.0 in Richter scale are as follows:

Area Date Magnitude (M) Casualties

Sangchal Alborz 1957 7.3 2,500 (North Iran) Boin Zahra Qazvin 1962 7.3 12,200 Dasht Bayaz 1968 7.4 10,500 (Khorassan N. East) Ghir-Kazeroun Fars 1972 7.4 5,044 Tabas, Khorasan 1978 7.4 18,200 Kerman 1980 7.1 1,500 Guilan/Zanjan 1990 7.3 36,893 2. During the same period the countries close to Iran have also suffered from destructive earthquakes, among them the Van (Turkey) earthquake of 1976 with M 7.3, and the disastrous earthquake in Armenia in December 1988 which destroyed the city of Spitak, causing more than 25,000 deaths. All these regions are situated on one broad seismological zone. 3. Based on Government's priority to channel all research activities in the area of Earthquake engineering through one established institute at the national level, with international standards, the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) was founded. The establishment of the Institute was based on the decision taken by the UNESCO General Conference at its 24th session held in October-November 1987 on the draft resolution DR/250, submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran. The IIEES by-laws have been ratified by the Council for Expansion of Higher Education on 13 January 1990, making the Institute an official Institute under the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education in Iran. The establishment of IIEES is also included in the First 5-year Plan of the Socio-Economic Development of Islamic Republic of Iran. The main objective of IIEES is to undertake and co-ordinate the research in this area

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and provide training in fields of seismology and earthquake engineering, utilizing the results of proposed methods which would be effective in reducing the potential earthquake hazard. The Institute will conduct its activities within the framework defined by its by-laws.

4. In 1990, the situation in Iran was as follows:

a) In spite of the high seismic risk in Iran, there was no institute in the country conducting integrated research programme in the fields of seismology and earthquake engineering.

b) Up-to-date methodologies and appropriate linkage with international institute were lacking.

c) There was an urgent need to provide data for national protection against seismic disasters as well as to develop disaster preparedness and management.

d) There was a need for highly trained specialists in all fields related to seismology, earthquake engineering and disaster management.

e) The national observation system needed to be further developed and strengthened, in particular strong motion and seismological networking have to be strengthened. This had to be linked with an international observation system.

f) With regard to expanding construction, activities and population increase in seismic prone region, the updating of the building code and improvement of vulnerability assessment of urban, rural and industrial construction had to be undertaken.

g) The promotion of the implementation of the building code in particular with the co-operation of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development was required.

5. Since 1987, UNESCO was associated with the creation and the development of IIEES. UNESCO sent a mission to Tehran in 1989, a project document was elaborated, proposed to UNDP and accepted in principle. The project was approved by UNDP in 1990 to run until the end of 1992. This term was later extended to the end of 1994. UNESCO was designated as Executing Agency.

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Development objective

6. The development objective of this project was to establish a long-term programme in seismology and earthquake engineering to be implemented by IIEES to reduce the potential earthquake hazards.

3

Immediate objective

7. The immediate objective of this project was to accomplish the first phase of IIEES plans which was to put into operation the Institute and complete its main laboratories to facilitate commencement of research activities.

III. ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS

8. The expected outputs outlined in the project document were:

Output 1 Most of the main items of equipment purchased, installed and preliminary research undertaken. (Equipment)

Output 2 Technical staff of IIEES trained in-house with the assistance of international consultants for the operation and maintenance of the laboratory equipment. (Consultants)

Output 3 Three IIEES Specialists trained abroad in different fields of earthquake engineering. (International training)

Output 4 Specialists trained through national seminars with participation of international consultants at IIEES on special topics of seismology and earthquake engineering research. (National Seminars)

9. The activities are briefly reported below.

Equipment

Purchase of the required equipment (Activity 1.1.1)

Installation of the purchased equipment (Activity 1.1.2)

Studies on structural behaviour using IIEES facilities with co-operation of international consultants (Activity 1.1.3)

10. The equipment purchased for this project is listed in Appendix 3. None of the items is for permanent installation in a certain location. The shaker which is the heaviest item of equipment and the necessary sensors and recorder will be installed in a building temporarily for testing.

11. With respect to studies on structural behaviour, a team was formed and the studies were carried out with the consultation of the CTA for the project. The outline of this particular research is as follows:

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a) Ambient vibration tests

i. Test on IIEES 2 storey building.

ii. Test on a pedestrian bridge.

iii. Test on a 6 storey steel frame building under construction at Sharif University of Technology.

b) Forced vibration tests

i. Test on the 6 storey steel frame building at Sharif University of Technology.

ii. Testing of 4 starry steel frame 1/2 scale structure.

Consultants

Selection and fielding of international consultants to assist in in-house training of national staff (Activity 1.2.1)

Commencement of in-house training programme of the national staff (Activity 1.2.2)

12. Several international consultants were selected and some assisted in in-house training of IIEES staff with regard to operation and maintenance of laboratory equipment. The consultants, time of visit and subject of their training is given in Appendix 1.

Fellowships

Designation of candidates (Activity 1.3.1)

Placement of fellows (Activity 1.3.2)

Preparation of fellowship report and in-house workshops/seminar on research methods used in other international institutes (Activity 1.3.3)

13. Several of the IIEES specialists and research staff visited some institutes abroad for training and for familiarity with research facilities and activities. See Appendix 2 for details of fellowships.

National seminars

Setting-up the programme objectives of the seminars with co-operation of part-time CTA (Activity 1.4.1)

Appointment of lecturers (Activity 1.4.2)

Designation of the candidates (Activity 1.4.3)

5

Implementation of the seminars (Activity 1.4.4)

Final reports and candidates evaluation (Activity 1.4.5)

14. Several international consultants were selected and visited IIEES to give lectures and hold discussions on research activities going on at the institute. The name, time of visit and subject area of lecture and consultancy of each of the international consultants is given in Appendix 1.

Research projects conducted under the project

15. The research project using the purchased equipment (shaker) was mentioned at item "Equipment" in Section III. The research projects that have been sponsored by IIEES since its establishment are summarized in Appendix 4.

Framework of future IIEES

16. The organization of IIEES is shown below. The IIEES organization is composed of a President, a Board of Trustees (including government officials and earthquake specialists), a Planning Council (with seven members including a UNESCO representative), Research, Education and Executive Divisions. As for the laboratories and land, the executive department is currently responsible for the planning, designing and construction of the institute's research complex. For this purpose, seven hectares of land in Tehran suburb has been allocated to IIEES and phase I of the master plan and design have been prepared with the co-operation of consulting engineers. The construction of the IIEES complex (phase I) started in April 1994.

17. The construction plan is as follows:

- Construction of Central Office of IIEES is Pasdaran.

Land: 2500 Sq. metres

Space: 10,000 m2 in 7 storeys (office space, laboratory, central library, computer centre, conference hall, etc.)

- Phase 1 of construction on the 7 hectare land for IIEES (April 1994 - April 1996)

Types of Lab. Area in sq. metres

Geotechnical Lab 350 Dynamic Lab 250 Structural Material Lab 350 Seismology Lab Remote Sensing and Surveying Lab

6

300 300 220 2123 5120

The first phase of Geotechnical Engineering (Soil Dynamics) laboratory was put into operation in March 1993.

International Coordination

18. The institute is actively participating in the international planning and decision making activities such as the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Programme (GSHAP), the Technical Committee 4 (TC4) chaired by Prof. Kenji Ishihara, sponsored by the Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), the Economic Co-operative Organization (ECO) with Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan!, etc.) etc. It has come to an agreement on co-operation or is planning to get involved with several institutes such as BRI (Japan), IZIIS of Skopje (Macedonia), GFZ (Germany), ISMES, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), Earthquake Engineering Research Centre (EERC), etc.

19. The institute sponsored and organized the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering in 1991. The second International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering will take place in 1995.

Education Programmes

20. Education is one of the major area in IIEES Activities. The general goal of the Education Department is to raise the knowledge of the public and engineers concerning the methods and precautions that can be taken for the seismic safety of the country. The message to be given to the public is designed to increase their awareness of seismic risks and ways to take precautions. The programme of educating engineers is tailored to provide them with the basic familiarity and to upgrade their capability in designing and constructing seismically safe structures. To implement the above goals, the Education Department is divided into two divisions: specialized education and public education. The Specialized Education Division of the IIEES took a first step of familiarizing the practicing engineers with the basic knowledge of seismology, earthquake engineering and aseismic design philosophy by conducting a series of short courses on design codes and standards.

21. The first series of such short courses were offered on 13 and 14 December 1990. So far a total of nine courses have been successfully held with the total attendance of more than 600 engineers from different institutes and private or public organizations. The two days, 20 hour lectures, consist of the following topics:

Seismology Lab Surveying Lab Seis. Computer Centre Classrooms + Library Offices

7

- Engineering Seismology and Seismicity of Iran

- Earthquake Engineering

- Dynamics of Structures

- Seismic Behaviour of Structures

- Seismic Design Codes

- Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

- Seismic Design of Steel Structures

- Seismic Design of Masonry Structures

- Strengthening of Existing Structures Against Earthquake

22. The future plan of the Specialized Education Division of IIEES is to extend these types of courses for architectural engineers, structural engineers and seismologists at local and international level.

23. The IIEES Public Education Division has given a particular importance to public awareness in order to reduce casualties and economic losses resulting from earthquakes. So far IIEES has implemented a series of activities in this direction via radio and television broadcasting and also by publishing educational brochures, pamphlets and articles in newspapers. The Public Education Department of IIEES also organized the Children's painting exhibition on June 1993. There was a drawing competition for children and various sections of teaching "How to Reduce the Earthquake Hazards" were ready for their visit. From 1992, a chapter entitled "General Information about Earthquake Preparedness and Earthquakes" were inserted in the books of 8th and 12th grades. To expand this effective method, new chapters have been developed by IIEES to be included in the textbooks of 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades in school.

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE

24. The immediate objective was fulfilled as follows:

a) Most of the necessary equipment was purchases and received. The studies using the equipment, especially a forced vibration test for a 6 storey building were successfully carried out.

b) In-house training accomplished most of its goals.

c) Very effective and fruitful use of fellowships abroad.

8

d) Very successful programme of inviting International Consultants to visit IIEES. The visit of some professors was sponsored by the TOKTEN1 project.

V. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

25. The project has been successfully implemented as may be seen from the following:

Research

a) Research in various fields including structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, lifeline engineering, seismology and seismotectonics have energetically been carried out in IIEES. Major research projects are listed in Appendix 5 of this report. Especially researches in geotechnical engineering have made progress rapidly in cooperation with Japanese researchers. Since the IIEES real research complex has not been constructed yet, precedence is given to those researches which can be carried out without using permanently installed equipment. In particular, the first forced vibration testing in Iran at Sharif University of Technology using a shaker was successfully carried out. This means that the Iranian Government obtained experimental measures to evaluate dynamic characteristics of those existing buildings which are commonly constructed in Iran.

Seismic Network

b) The Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN) is planned in IIEES. The primary objectives of this network are:

i. Monitoring the seismic activities of Iran and the region.

ii. Rapidly identifying earthquake location for provisions of emergency aid services.

iii. Performing seismic zoning, microzoning and focal process studies.

iv. Studying crustal and upper mantle of Iran plateau, aimed at structural and geodynamic modelling of the crustal development.

c) The INSN is composed of 48 Local Stations (LS) and a Central Data Centre in Tehran. Each station is equipped with a 3-component broad band sensor, 3-component strong motion sensors and a 6-channel, 24-bit high resolution A/D converter operating at 80 sample/second which are linked

Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals

9

via VSAT to a fully autonomized data acquisition and processing centre in Tehran. The INSN project is in process, and the equipment has been already ordered and purchased.

Education

The first series (two-four) days, (20-32) hour lectures, which consist mainly of design codes and standards were offered to the practicing engineers in order to familiarize them with the basic knowledge of seismology, earthquake engineering and aseismic design philosophy. Up to now a total of nine courses have been successfully held with the total attendance of more than 1200 engineers from different institutes and private or public organizations. The future plan of IIEES is to extend these types of courses for architects, engineers, structural engineers and seismologists at local and international level. The IIEES has also given a particular importance to public awareness in order to reduce casualties and economic losses resulting from earthquakes. So far IIEES has implemented a series of activities in this direction via radio and television broadcasting and also by publishing educational brochures, pamphlets and articles in newspapers.

Conference and Seminars

IIEES organized the First Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Conference (SEE-1) in Iran on 27-29 March 1991 in conjunction with UNESCO and in co-operation with Iranian universities and institutions. The Conference was set out to bring together scientists and engineers and to collect knowledge from the many and varied aspects of seismology and earthquake engineering. Five main technical divisions considered for the SEE-1 were: Seismicity and Seismotec-tonics, Vulnerability and Safety, Earthquake Engineering, Soil and Foundation, Risk Mitigation and Planning.

The second conference (SEE-2) is planned and scheduled to be held in Tehran on 15-17 May 1995. To enhance the knowledge of the IIEES staff in various fields of earthquake science and engineering in-house seminars by Iranian and foreign researchers are held regularly (see Appendix 5).

Activities planned for 1994 were as follows:

- GSHAP Workshop, October 1994.

- Asian Children's Exhibition, November 1994.

- Workshop on "Methods of reducing the landslides damage in Iran", June 1994.

10

Publications

h) Many reports on research projects and also books written or translated by IIEES researchers are published by IIEES. The presentation and publication of IIEES researchers in conferences and journals were also made (see Appendix 5). In addition, since May 1992, IIEES has started to publish a bimonthly newsletter in Farsi which is unique in its presenting news, activities, research abstracts, earthquake tips, etc. about earthquakes.

26. The following is recommended for the further development of IIEES:

a) The IIEES should continue to make efforts to hire highly educated capable people (full time employment preferable) for its vacant positions as soon as possible in order to conduct research projects effectively. An increase in the number of qualified staff is also needed.

b) The construction of the IIEES permanent complex is urged to carry out real large-scale experimental research works, especially in structural engineering. The following are recommended to be urgently investigated:

i. restoring force characteristics of reinforced concrete structures, masonry structures, and reinforced concrete or steel structures with infilled brick walls

- reaction wall-strong floor system and loading frame system needed urgently;

ii. dynamic stability of out-of-plane masonry walls and infilled brick walls

- a shaking table to be installed in Sharif University of Technology would be useful;

iii. Computer Software to analyse static and dynamic characteristics of structures.

c) Before the construction of the new IIEES complex, immediate work will be the dynamic testing of various types of existing buildings in Iran using a shaker in order to reveal their dynamic characteristic to evaluate their seismic safety against possible strong earthquakes.

d) Through the first forced vibration testing using a shaker on a six storey new building under construction for the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, the following items were found to be improved for the next testing, those are:

11

i. Monitor system

An on-line monitor system together with simultaneous recording is necessary to carry out efficient testing.

ii. SSR-1 system

The function of manual control to start and stop recording is necessary for recorder SSR-1, since the field testing is not programmed in advance.

The function of synchronization is necessary on plural recorders.

iii. Sensor FBA-11

Since a sensor FBA-11 is an accelerometer, it is easy to pick up a high frequency noise, and it makes it difficult to monitor a signal during testing. A velocity-type or displacement-type transducer is preferable for measuring small amplitude and low frequency signals.

Cables to connect FBA-11 with SSR-1 should be long enough to cover the whole of the test building. Usually, 20 metre long and 30 metre long cables with connectors at both ends are needed for each set of sensors.

iv. Portable transceivers are necessary to communicate with other testing members who are separated from each other in a test building.

v. Seismograph of structures-Model 8-channel

Careful data processing and the following of dynamic analyses are important to interpret test data. Noise elimination is a very important element in data processing.

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01/01 - 01/09/92 10/07/93 - 15/02/94

Preparation of seismic catalogue for Iran

USA Mr M. Berberian

10/07 - 31/12/93 Course of seismic monitoring and data evaluation

Germany Mr Joswig

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Seismic network, instrumentation, communication, site selection, aplication data analysis

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1 month June 92 Seismic data processing, seismic risk and hazard seismic network

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Mr Mohammad Kazem Jafari


Mr Ali Komakpanah

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Japan Liquefaction Zonation of Iran Mr Mohammad Rashidian Dezfouli

15-20 Aug. 1993 Germany Conf. on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology

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8 days, Sept. 1993 China International Symposium, Hazards-93 Mr Fariborz Nateghi

8 days, Oct. 1993 Armenia Conference on Continental Earthquake, National Survey of Seismic Protection

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9 days, May 1994 Japan World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction

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9 days, May 1994 Japan World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction

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9 days, May 1994 Japan World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction ,

Mr Mohsen Tehranizadeh

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17

APPENDIX 3

List of Major Items of Equipment Supplied to the Project

Shaker Model EX 250 DL

3 SSR-1 Solid State Recorders

10 FBA-11 Forced Balanced Accelerometers

2 WR-1 Wide Range Seismometers

Computer Software and Hardware 1 Macintosh LC 4Mb/HD40 Bundle, Farsi - Macintosh 12 "RGB Monitor, Int" 1 - Apple Standard Keyboard Farsi/Latin - Mouse + Microphone

2 Macintosh LC 4Mb/HD40 Bundle, Farsi - Apple standard Keyboard Farsi/Latin - Mouse + Microphone

1 CD-Rom Model PXcd6505 Supplementary Software for the Control and Operation Shaker Test 1 Accelerograph Model OASIS-100 1 Data Processing Software PEGASUS 1 Solid State Accelerometer ICS 2 Sets Data Processing Unit Model 486-33 1 Set 3-Channel DP420 FFT Analyzer including related software

Signal Analyzer Unit Accelerometer Package for Structural Testing

18

APPENDIX 4

List of Research Projects

Earthquake Engineering Department

Structures Div.

1. Strenghtening Masonry Structures

2. Optimum Seismic Resistant Design of Steel Frames

3. Statistical Assessment of Seismic Inflicted Damages to Buildings during Manjil Earthquake

4. Investigation of the Dynamic Interaction of Steel Beams and Brick Floors in Jack Arch Systems.

5. Seismic Resistance of Reinforced Brick Buildings

6. Seismic Protective Systems for Rural Housing

Special Structures Div.

1. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Arch Dams

2. Behaviour of Water Towers During Manjil Earthquake

Geotechnical Engineering Div.

1. Study of Amplification in Tehran Area

2. Study of Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Zonation

3. Study of Slope Stability During Earthquakes

4. Study of Liquefaction in Astaneh

5. Seismic Response of Pile Groups

6. Development of Geotechnical Laboratory

7. Soil-Structures Interaction Effects Due to L-Waves Horizontal Motion

Structural Evaluation, Vulnerability and Retrofit Div.

1. Tehran Vulnerability Analysis

2. Statistical Assessment of Damages Incurred on Buildings in Roudbar-Manjil Earthquake

19

3. Seismic Vulnerability Study of Important Buildings by On Site Inspection

Lifelines Div.

1. Study of Performance of Lifeline Systems and Industrial Facilities During Manjil Earthquake of 21 June 1990

2. Vulnerability Analysis of Tehran's Lifeline

3. Safety Evaluation of Tehran's Gas Pipeline System

Socio-Economic Div.

1. Vulnerability of Tehran (Social and Human Aspects)

Seismology Department

Instrumentation and Seismic Network Div.

1. Instrumentation and Operation of Seismic Network in Iran

Seismotectonic Div.

1. Seismic Data File for Iran

2. Study of Possibility of Volcanic Activity of Damavand Mountain

3. Understanding the Earth Crust in Iran Using Dispersion of Seismic Surface Waves

4. Earthquake Catalog of Iran

20

APPENDIX 5

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (Brochure)

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND HIGHER EDUCATION

imci UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,

SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND SEISMOLOGY, IIEES

TEHRAN, Islamic Republic of IRAN Founded 1989

May 1992

21

CONTENTS

- Preface

- Organization of'IIEES

- Five year Earthquake Risk Prevention and Mitigation Program in Z.R.Iran

- Earthquake Engineering Department . Structures Division . Special Structures Division . Geotechnical Engineering Division . Structural Evaluation, Vulnerability and Retrofit Division . Lifelines Division . Socio-Economic Division

- Seismology Department . Instrumentation and Seismic Network Division . Earthquake Seismology Division . Seismotectonic Division . Engineering Seismology Division

- Education Department . Specialty Division . Public Education Division

- Executive Department

- Computer Center

- Library and Documents Center

- Conference, Seminars and Workshops

- IIEES Publications

- IIEES Researchers and Areas of Interest

22

PREFACE

It is ray great pleasure to introduce to you the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. The IIEES is a comprehensive Research Institute in Seismology and Earthquake Engineering which aspires toward playing an international role. IIEES as the first International research institute in Iran was founded in December 1989, based on 24th UNESCO General Conference Resolution DR/250 and Iranian government approval. The main goals of IIEES is to promote research and education in science and technology related to various aspects of seismotectonic, seismology, as well as earthquake engineering and to utilize the research results for the purpose of seismic hazard reduction in the region.

IIEES organization is composed of President, Board of Trustee (including government officials and earthquake specialists), Planning Council (with seven members including UNESCO representative), Research, Education and Executive Divisions.

It was only six months after the establishment of IIEES that the devastating earthquake of June 21 1990 (Manjil-Rudbar) highlighted the severe vulnerability associated with the Iranian urban and rural areas, and triggered the public awareness. The Manjil-Rudbar earthquake was indeed a turning point in the earthquake mitigation planning of Iran and made various governmental agencies seriously concerned with the seismic hazard risk mitigation. As part of its policy of conducting applied research, IIEES defined a five year program for Earthquake Risk Mitigation and Prevention in the country. At present, this program is under implementation with the cooperation of other related institutions and universities in Iran.

IIEES has promoted International Cooperation since its establishment and presently is cooperating with various known scientific and international organization such as UNESCO, UNDP, IDNDR, UNDRO, Geotechnic Earthquake Engineering (TC4), USEE, etc. Many researchers from various countries have visited IIEES and have participated in ongoing research activities, and given lectures and short courses. Recently IIEES was selected as the Regional Center for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) as a part of IDNDR activities. IIEES also plans to expand its educational activities by offering courses in seismology for international students in December 1992.

I invite researchers from around the world and from this region to cooperate with IIEES staff in order to achieve higher level of excellence. The works done so far were possible only by the dedication and sincere contribution of IIEES faculty, researcher and supporting staff, and consultants toward the establishment, growth and success of IIEES. Thanks are due to UNESCO and other International agencies and organizations for their support.

Mohsen Ghafaç^-Ashtianv

Resident \A GK<

23

FIVE YEAR EARTHQUAKE RISK PREVENTION AND MITIGATION PROGRAM IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

The devastating Earthquake of June 21, 1990 in the Northern part of Iran that caused the loss of thousands of lives and inflicted great damages to vital • installations of the country is regarded as the greatest natural disaster of the century in Iran. Nevertheless, experiences and lessons that have been learned are valuable for developing mitigation measure against similar future events.

With the knowledge of constant threat of major earthquakes in Iran, IIEES planning council decided to implement a multi-disciplinary program for prevention and mitigation of seismic risks with the main objectives being: (i) to reduce the risk of failure in different types of construction; (ii) to increase public awareness of the risks and the need to build safer structures; and (iii) to develop plans for post earthquakes actions. In order to achieve these objectives, a program has been prepared consisting of the following group:

(1) Research on seismic zoning and micro-zoning (2) Research on seismic safety of structures (3) Updating building codes and engineering practices (4) Education and training (5) Risk assessment and reduction (6) Raising public awareness

The first two items contains the research needed for updating the seismic design codes and to improving the resistance of structures to earthquakes. The third item includes the actions necessary to update building codes based on the lessons learned from real earthquakes and research, as well as the actions required to facilitate the application of these codes by engineers and architects. The fourth item refers to improving the knowledge about earthquake-resistant construction by educating various professionals who participate in the preparation of building codes, the design of structures, and in the construction processes. The fifth item aims at the identification of important classes of structures in Iran, studying their seismic safety, and making recommendations for enhancing their seismic safety. Finally, the sixth item consists of dissemination of information to the general public on how to build safer structures and how to act in case of seismic emergencies. The following is a brief list of activities in each of these various aspects. The institutes responsible for implementing each activities are also identified.

24

RESEARCH ON SEISMIC ZONING AND MICROZONING 1.1- Iranian National Seismic Network (IIEES) 1.2- Expansion of Existing Strong Motion Network (BHRC) 1.3- Seismological Studies (IIEES, BHRC) 1.4- Seismotectonic Maps (GSI) 1.5- Geotechnical And Geological Studies (IIEES) 1.6- Seismic Hazard Studies (IIEES) 1.7- Earthquake Amplification Study in Tehran and Selected Sites

(IIEES) 1.8- Seismic Zoning of Iran And Microzoning Maps of 3 important

Cities (IIEES, GSI)

RESEARCH ON SEISMIC SAFEST OF STRUCTURES 2A. Projects for Development of Installations 2A.1- Structural Dynamic Laboratory and Workshop (IIEES) 2A.2- Computer and Shaking Table of Sharif University (SUT, IIEES) 2A.3- Soil Dynamics Laboratory (IIEES)

2B. Research Projects on Seismic Safety of Structures 2B.1- Seismic Response of Actual Structures (BHRC) 2B.2- Vulnerability of Existing Structures (IIEES) 2B.3- Vulnerability of Lifelines (IIEES) 2B.4- Material Listing and Quality Control (BHRC) 2B.5- New Materials for Structural and Nonstructural Members,

Energy Dissipation and Devices (BHRC) 2B.6- Geotechnical Studies: Land Slides, Liquefaction,...

Iranian Masonry Construction

Reinforced Concrete Urban

Isolation Systems for Small Buildings (IIEES)

2B.10-Exper. Study of typical Structural Joints (BHRC) 2B.11-Shaking Table Tests and Study of Models of Typical Rural

Houses (IIEES,SUT) 2B.12-Analytical Studies of Structural Response (IIEES)

3. BUILDING CODE (BHRC) 3.1- Updating of Existing Buildings Codes 3.2- Preparation of Written and Graphical Material

4. EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IIEES, GSI, BHRC)

5. RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION (IIEES)

6. PUBLIC AWARENESS (IIEES, BHRC, GSI, MI)

IIEES: International Inst, of Earth. Eng. and Seismology BHRC : Building and Housing Research Center SUT : Sharif University of Technology GSI : Geological Survey Institute MI : Ministry of Interior

2B.7-

2B.8-

2B.9-

(IIEES) Experimental (IIEES) Experimental Construction Experimental

Study

Study (BHRC) Study

of

of

of

Typical

Typical

Base I

25

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF IIEES

[per© o 0(0 e OD tt

Public and International Relations

Executive Director

T

Board of Trustees

_ Planning Council

Uice Peresldent for Research

General Affair

Recounting

Earthquake Engineering Department

Structures Division

Special Structures

Division

Geotechnical Engineering

Division

Structural Evaluations, vulnerability and Retrofit

Division

Lifeline Engineering

Division

T.

Engineering Office

Socio-Economic Division

Education Director

Research Council

Specialized Education

Division

Education -council

Public Education

Division

Reconnaissance Division

Computer Center

Seismology Department

Instrumentation end Seismic

Network Division

Library and Documents

Center

Earthquake Seismology

Division

Seismotectonics Division

Engineering Seismology

division

26

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The overall goal of Earthquake Engineering Department is to conduct research leading to seismically safe structures. This general objective is to be reached by first implementing research projects that increase the understanding of behaviors of the structure, the foundation and the underlying soils under earthquake induced loading conditions. The results of these studies are then used to improve codes of civil engineering practice or zoning, hazard and risk maps.

The Earthquake Engineering Department consists of the following Divisions:

. Structures

. Special Structures

. Geotechnical Engineering

. Lifelines

. Structural Evaluation, Vulnerability and Retrofit

. Socio-Economic

The goals and overall program of each division is described in the following sections.

27

STRUCTURES DIVISION

This division bears the major responsibility for making recommendations for aseismic design and dynamic analysis of buildings through original research. The present seismic code (IS-2800, approved in 1987 and enforced in urban areaB in 1989) still needs much time to have a considerable impact on the engineering practice due to the lack of sufficient observations of behaviors of structures designed accordingly. Moreover, the code needs to be continuously enriched by the experiences gained through past earthquakes and by new experimental research results.

Based on the existing types of structures in Iran (unreinforced masonry structures, steel frame structures, and reinforced concrete frame structures), national needs and in light of the five year plan for earthquake risk prevention and mitigation, macro-projects related to the IIEES structures division comprise of the followings:

1. Experimental study of typical Iranian masonry construction. 2. Experimental study of base isolation system for small buildings. 3. Analytical studies of structural response. 4. Vibration test of actual buildings.

To realize the above macro-projects and establish a national center for testing of structures the following facilities are in the planning stage, to be built during the next three years:

1. Structural laboratories including loading frames, reaction walls and strong floor capable of full-scale test of buildings.

2. Structural dynamic laboratory.

It is believed that the outcomes of these research programs and the availability of these facilities would enhance and improve the construction practice and design criteria of buildings in Iran.

Major Current Research Projects in this Division are:

1 - Strengthening Masonry Structures Project Director: (Dr. Moghaddam)

2 - Optimum Seismic Resistant Design of Steel Frames Project Director: {Dr. Memari)

3 - Statistical Assessment of Seismic Inflicted Damages to Buildings During Manjil Earthquake Project Director: (Dr. Nateghi)

4 - Forced Vibration of Buildings Project Directors: (Dr. Agha Koochak)

28

5 - Investigation of the Dynamic Interaction of Steel Beams and Brick Floors in Jack arch Systems Project Director: (Dr. Maheri)

6 - Seismic Resistance of Reinforced Brick Buildings Project Director: (Dr. Moghaddam)

7 - Seismic Protective Systems for Rural Bousing Project Director: (Dr. Memari)

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29

SPECIAL STRUCTURES DIVISION

Iran is a vast country with great demands in water supply, flood control, agriculture, transportation and electrical energy. Therefore, many civil engineering special structures such as large dams, water tanks, bridges, power plants, etc. that are vital for the economy of the country are being constructed. The seismic safety of these existing or planned structures is a subject of considerable importance. The special structures division has the responsibility of establishing the necessary research laboratories and conducting analytical and experimental studies of the seismic behavior of the existing and planned special structures for which no such assessment has been done before. This is being implemented as part of the 5-year risk mitigation plan in the areas of numerical modeling, static and dynamic analysis of special structures, laboratory testing of reduced scale models, dynamic testing of actual dams, enhancement of methodologies of analysis and design of special structures, and preparation of recommendations for special structures design and construction codes.


1 - Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Arch Dans Project Director: (Dr. Ahmadi)

2 - Behavior of Water Towers During Manjil Earthquake Project Director: (Dr. Memari)

30

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION

Developing an adequate earthquake resisting design procedure requires a through understanding on the behavior of various types of soils and rocks. For the purpose of structural analysis and its interaction with soils, geotechnical and site safety studies are very important. Thus geotechnical seismic hazard study have received increasing recognition in recent year3 among scientists, engineers and land users in seismically active regions. This new concern is generated by the disastrous consequences of many large-scale landslides and liquefaction induced ground failures during recent major earthquakes such as 1990 Manjil earthquake and the fact that many large cities are exposed to a high level of geotechnical hazards risk in case of future earthquakes.

In response to these needs, IIEES geotechnical division has undertaken several initiative to identify and appraise geotechnical hazards and present those in the form of maps or data base. The advanced geotechnical laboratory of IIEES which is under installation, will have greatly enhance on the understanding of dynamic behavior of soils and rocks under investigation. The facility will also provide the capability for performing large scale dynamic tests. Geotechnical division will also be equipped with in site testing instruments and drilling equipment.


1 - Study of Amplification in Tehran area Project Director: (Dr. Jafari)

2 - Study of Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Zonation Project Director: (Dr. Kcmakpanah)

3 - Study of Slope Stability During Earthquakes Project Director: (Dr. Komakpanah)

4 - Study of Liquefaction in Ãstaneh Project Director: (Dr. Haeri)

5 - Seismic Response of Pile Groups Project Director: (Dr. Keynia)

6 - Development of Geotechnical Laboratory Project Director: (Dr. Komakpanah)

7 - Soil-Structure Interaction Effects Due to L-Waves Horiiontal Motion Project Director: (Dr. Etemadi)

31

STRUCTURAL EVALUATION, VULNERABILITY AND RETROFIT DIVISION

Iran is a country with variety of climates and a history of construction techniques which is unique to each region. Although most cities in the country are relatively old and fully developed, there is a continued rebuilding of structures with newer material. The majority of existing buildings in the country are not built to offer much resistance to the inertia forces induced by the earthquake ground shaking. Considering the ever growing problem of population and economical constrains to utilize the existing facilities to their fullest potentials, IIEES has established the Vulnerability and Retrofit Division in order to evaluate the seismic safety of the existing structure and to offer possible upgrading solutions for their improvements.

The division is responsible for conducting research in the areas of structural safety evaluation techniques and developing methods for upgrading, strengthening and retrofiting for a variety of construction used in the region. The primary goal of this division is to perform the classification of typical construction, establishment of inventory of buildings for different cities and towns throughout the country, and to analyze the vulnerability of existing structures in different areas. In addition, preparation of zonation maps of vulnerable town and cities based on different structural classification is part of the responsibility of this division

The division is also in the process of preparing manuals containing general cost-effective strengthening solutions for different construction types of low income housing. Moreover, it is also involved in cooperating with different city officials for seismic evaluation of existing hospitals, hotels and many other buildings, with the aim of recognizing their potential seismic hazards. Several upgrading projects on consulting bases have also been performed by this division.

Structural Evaluation Vulnerability and Retrofit Divisions of IIEES, in harmony with the other departments recognizes the need and the challenges involved in developing cost-effective solutions for reducing the seismic risk of existing structures while preserving the original architecture of the cities and towns in Iran.

Major Current Research Projects in this Division ara:

1 - Tehran Vulnerability Analysis Project Directors: {Dr. Ashtiany S Dr. Hosseini)

2 - Statistical Assessment of Damages Incurred on Buildings in Roudbar-Manjil Earthquake Project Director: (Dr.Nateghi)

3 - Seismic Vulnerability Study of Important Buildings by on Site Inspection Project Director: (Dr. Nateghi)

32

LIFELINES DIVISION

Due to the crucial dependence of the large cities of the country such as Tehran on lifeline systems, and the high susceptibility of these system to earthquakes, research on lifeline earthquake engineering has gained a top priority. The most important and vital lifeline systems which need comprehensive studies in the country are:

a) The crude oil pipeline extending from southwest to central and northern part of the country.

b) The water distribution networks c) The electrical power network of the country and local networks in

large cities; d) The gas pipeline in Tehran and some other large cities; e) Telecommunication network of the country; and f) Transportation network including road systems, railway, and

airports.

To perform these needed studies, the Lifeline division has divided its research activities into two parts:

a) Short term programs (within 5 years) Thi3 part, which is also included in the five year earthquake risk prevention and mitigation program of the country, consists of: i) investigation of damage into lifelines in recent earthquakes, ii) assessment of major lifelines vulnerability, iii) design of redundant components for crucial lifeline systems, iv) developing restoring plans for major lifelines.

b) Long t e n program» (within IS years) This part of the program is comprised of: i) providing recommendations for design and instructions for retrofiting highly vulnerable lifeline systems, ii) vulnerability assessment for all major lifeline systems of the country, iii) development of design standards for future lifeline systems using the new engineering knowledge base and technology.


1 - Study of Performance of Lifeline Systems and Industrial Facilities During Manj11 Earthquake of June 21, 1990 Project Director: (Mr. Eshghi)

3 - Vulnerability analysis of Tehran's Lifeline Project Director: (Mr. Eshghi)

4 - Safety Evaluation of Tehran's Gas Pipeline System Project Director: (Dr. Hosseini)

33

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIVISION

Socio-Econoraic Division at the IIEES is the first of its kind in Iran. At the present time, the IIEES has launched a research program on socio-economic impacts of earthquake disasters.

The major focus of the socio-economic division has been on the disaster preparedness, engaging in a variety of social science research projects on organizational preparedness for earthquake disaster, society's responses to the earthquake prediction and the individual's knowledge on earthquake vulnerability reduction. Socio-Economic Division current activities includes:

1. Studying the effect of earthquake prediction in urban areas.

2. Research on earthquake vulnerability of Tehran and its socioeconomic impacts.

Hajor Current Research Projects in this Division are:

1 - Vulnerability of Tehran (Social and Hunan Aspects) Project Director: (Dr. Shadi-Talab)

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SEISMOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Iran is located in one of the seismically active parts of the world. Therefore, the main objective of the Earthquake Seismology Department is to provide the necessary tools for seismic monitoring of various regions of the country and to provide reliable data for researchers and engineers.

Various divisions of Seismology Department as described in the following sections are:

. Instrumentation and Seismic Network

. Earthquake Seismology

. Seismotectonic

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INSTRUMENTATION AND SEISMIC NETWORK DIVISION

Providing fast and reliable information concerning the major seismic activities in the country is essential for provisions of emergency aid services. Accordingly, this division is instructed to design and install Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN). The primary objectives of this network are:

1. Monitoring the seismic activities of Iran and the region. 2. Rapidly identifying earthquake location for provisions of

emergency aid services. 3. Performing seismic zoning, microzoning and focal process

studies. 4. Studying crustal and upper mantle of Iran plateau, aimed at

structural and geodynamic modeling of the crustal development.

INSN will be based on 49 Local Stations (LS) in seven sub-networks, which are supervised by the Central Data Center (CDC) in Tehran. Each sub-network will include one Regional Data Center (RDC) and few LS. The network is planned to be operational in three phases by the end of 1996. The CDC, seven RDC and ten LS will be operational at the end of phase one, before 1993. Phase two will add 20 more LS to the network by the end of 1994. Nineteen more LS will be installed during phase three by the end of 1996 to bring the total number of local stations to 49.

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36

EARTHQUAKE SEISMOLOGY DIVISION

Earthquake Seismology Division is responsible for routine collection, processing and interpretation of the collected time histories through INSU, mobile network and international cooperation, and also publishing earthquake parameters and catalogs.

ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY DIVISION

Engineering Seismology Division is responsible for instrumenting important buildings with accelerograph, processing and interpretation of records collected during earthquakes and compiling the data base of strong motion records for the purpose of studying structural behavior and seismic hazard assessment of various region of Iran.

SEISMOTECTONIC DIVISION

Major tasks of the Seismotectonic Division is to conduct field observations after major earthquakes, identification of major faults by studying morphotectonic and recent tectonic of the country and focal mechanism of earthquakes, monitoring potential faults and preparation of the seismotectonic maps for the country.


1 - Seismic Data File for Iran Project Director: (Mr. Ramazi)

2 - Study of Possibility of Volcanic Activity of Damavand Mountain Project Director: (Dr. Emami)

3 - Understanding the Earth Crust in Iran Using Dispersion of Seismic Surface Waves Project Director: (Dr. Bahavar)'

4 - Earthquake Catalog of Iran Project Director: (Prof. Berberian)

37

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

The general goal of the Education Department is to raise the knowledge of public and engineers concerning the methods and precautions that can be taken for seismic safety of the country. The message to be given to the public is designed to increase their awareness of seismic risks and ways to take precautions. The program of educating engineers is tailored to provide them with the basic familiarity and upgrade their capability in designing and constructing seismically safe structures. To implement the above goals, the Education Department is divided into two divisions:

. Specialized Education

. Public Education

The detailed objectives, programs and activities of each of these division is described in the following sections.

38

SPECIALIZED EDUCAIIOK DIVISXON

To expand the implementation of aseismic design and construction of seismically safe structures, it is necessary for the engineers who are in charge of design and construction of various structures to be familiar with the fundamentals of structural behavior under earthquake loading.

Specialized Division of the IIEES took a first step of familiarizing the practicing engineers with the basics knowledge of seismology, earthquake engineering and aseismic design philosophy by conducting a series of short courses on design codes and standards.

The first series of such short courses were offered on the 13 and 14 of December 1990. So far a total of nine courses have been successfully held with the total attendance of more than 600 engineers from different institutes and private or public organizations. The two days, 20 hour lectures, consists of the following topics:

- Engineering Seismology and Seismicity of Iran - Earthquake Engineering - Dynamics of Structures - Seismic Behavior of Structures - Seismic Design Codes - Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures - Seismic Design of Steel Structures - Seismic Design of Masonary Structures - Strengthening of Existing Structures Against Earthquake

The future plan of Specialized Education Division of IIEES is to extend these types of courses for architectural, engineers, structural engineers and seismologist at local and international level. Type, program and time tables of these courses are given in next page.

She Scientific staff for these courses are:

- Dr. Honsen Ghafory-Ashtiany - Dr. Goodarz Ahmadi - Dr. Manouchehr Bahavar - Dr. Peter Bormann - Mr. Sassan Eshghi (MSCE.,P.E.) - Dr. Mohsen Etemadi - Dr. Jamshid Parjodi - Dr. RahjBOud Reza Maheri - Dr. Hassan Moghadam - Dr. Fariborz Nateghi-Elahi - Dr. Mansur Niazi - Dr. Bossein Sarvi - Dr. Jaafar Sboja-Taheri - Dr. Mostafa Tavakoli

39

2-Day Basic Courses for Architecture, Geologists the Other Related Disciplines

Calender: February, June, September, December of Each Year •

Date

Wednesday

Thursday

8:30-10

Seismology

Iranian Seismic Code (2800)

10:30- 12

Fundamentals of Earthquake Eng.

Seismic Design of Engineered Strue. (R/C and Steels)

13:30- 15

SeiBmic Behavior of Structures

Seismic Design of Non-Engineered Buildings

15:30-17

Aseismic Arch. Design

Reconstruction and Planning

17-18

Panel Discussion

Panel Discussion

4-Day Intermediate Courses for Civil and Structural Engineers

Calender: January, April, July, November of Each Tear

Date

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

8:00-10:00

Seismology.and Introduction to Seismicity of Iran

Earthquake Eng. (II)

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

SeiBmic Design of Masonry Structures

10:30- 12:30

Earthquake Eng.(I)

' Iranian Seismic Code

Seismic Design of Steel Structures

Design Examples

13:30- 15:30

Dynamics of Structures

Design Examples

Retrofiting of Existing Buildings

Panel Discussion

5-Day Advanced Courses in Earthquake Engineering

Calender: April of Each Year

Date

Saturday

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

-

8:00- 10:00

Engineering Seismology

Advanced Earthquake Eng.

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

Introduction to Seismic Design of Special Structures

Fluid- Structure Interaction

10:30- 12:30

Seismic Hazard and Site Selection Studies

Advanced Dynamic of Structures

Soil- Structure Interaction

Introduction to Seismic Design of Highway Bridges

Introduction to Seismic Design of Hydraulic & Offshore Structures

13:30- 16:00

Field Trip

Technical Exercises

Technical Exercises

Design Examples

Design Examples

40

PUBLIC EDUCATION DIVISION

The IIEES Public Education Division has given a particular importance to public awareness in order to reduce casualties and economic losses resulting from earthquakes. So far IIEES has implemented a series of activities in this direction via radio and television broad casting and also by publishing educational brochures, pamphlets and articles in newspapers. The implemented activities are as follows:

1. Workshop: A workshops entitled "Confronting Earthquake Hazards" was held on December 18, 1990 with the participation of university professors, Army Command Headquarters, Governor General Office of Tehran, United Nations Office in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Institute of Cultural Research and Study, Research and Educational Programming Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, Ministry of Education, and Building and Housing Research Center to discuss the necessary public education program and disaster management system in Iran.

2. Preparing Educational Films: Two educational short films have been prepared with the cooperation of the Iran Television's Economics Group and broadcasted on Feb. 3, 1992 and Feb. 10, 1992. It is also planned to broadcast at least 10 short films by the mid 1993.

3. Brochures: The first public educational brochure in Iran entitled "Reducing Earthquake Hazards" is published by IIEES in order to promote public awareness about earthquake risk and to how to reduce it's hazards.

4. School Textbook: To enhance awareness of students in schools, a chapter on "Safety Against Earthquake" was added to the 8th and 12th grade Geography textbook. These chapters were prepared by the Public Education Division of IIEES in cooperation with the Ministry of Education.

5. Educating Children For Future Earthquake: Special programs have been developed for teaching the children of age 5-12 on what to do during an earthquake. The program for kindergardens has been successfully tested and filmed and for elementary school under preparation. These programs will be implemented in next school year.

/ Í^V^^a- Let's Reduce Earthquake Hazards I M tit NATIONAL I N S m C U OK «IAKTH4JI ¿K£ CM1INEUUNG AM> SKIiMULWrt llltCSl

41

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

The Executive Department is responsible for financial, budget, administration and engineering office of the IIEES. One of the important activities of this Department is planning, designing and construction of the institute's research complex. For this purpose a 7 Hectare land in Tehran suburb has been allocated to IIEES and the phase 1 of master plan and design have been prepared with the cooperation of counseling engineers. It is expected that the construction of future IIEES complex will be started in 1993.

BUDGET The financial resources of the Institute originate from different sources. The annually supplied government budget is composed of local currency (Rials) and hard currency. In addition, the Institute receives contributions and donations from the public, and also earns income by carrying out limited research and development activities for other governmental departments or private sectors. In addition, the Institute is supported by UNESCO, UNDP and the World Bank. The following charts summarizes the current yearly financial resources of IIEES.

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COMPUTER CENTER

The Computer Center at IIEES is currently equipped with moderately small-sized computers. There is a plan to upgrade the center into a large-volume Data Base Management Network providing services even to the national and . international research community. As of now, the computing scheme consists of a SUN/470 minicomputers serving 10 terminals and over 20 assorted type PC's LAN networked together. The PC's include:

- 3 IBM PS2/80 - 5 IBM PS2/30 - 1 Compaq 386/20e - 4 Philips 3120 - 5 Philips 3228 - 1 Pac XT - 1 Macintosh II Si - 2 Macintosh Classic - 2 386 Laptop Computer

The Computer Center provides a wide range of services from word processing to signal processing and application softwares. The Center is also envisioning a future of providing an on line service to the Iranian National Seismic Network Data Center.

LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTS CENTER

The IIEES library was organized in 1990 with the collaboration of the researchers and professors. The IIEES library makes its unique collection relevant to the earthquake hazards and their mitigation available to the engineering community and to the general public. The library has assembled over 2000 books and research reports, 70 technical journals, conference proceedings, slides and maps. In addition the IIEES library also receives the publications of other institutes such as USEE, EERL, NISEE, NCEER, ASCE, etc... on regular basis.

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43

CONFERENCE, SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS

A. SEE-1 Conferences

One of the most important international activities of IIEES since its establishment in Ï989, was to organize the First Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Conference (SEE-1) in Iran on May 27-29, 1991 in conjunction with UNESCO and with the cooperation of Iranian universities and institutions . The Organizing Committee was chaired by Dr. Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, President of IIEES, and was coordinated by Dr. F. Nateghi-A., Head of Retrofiting Division of IIEES.

The Conference was set out to bring together scientists and engineers and to collect knowledge from the many and varied aspects of seismology and earthquake engineering. The topics under discussions in SEE-1 were aimed at a better understanding of earth movements and at safer structural design and preparedness techniques. Speakers were invited to present new findings and to share the latest technological advancements in this field.

Five main technical divisions considered for the SEE-1 were:

A. Seismicity and Seismotectonic B. Vulnerability and Safety C. Earthquake Engineering D. Soil and Foundation E. Risk Mitigation and Planning

After the conference on May 30, 1991 "Manjil-Roudbar Earthquake"

a special seminars were held on

In SEE-1 over 400 abstracts were submitted from 38 countries including: Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, USA, EX-USSR, Vietnam, and EX-Yugoslavia. About 170 papers were selected for presentations, discussions, poster session and publications in the proceedings of the SEE-1 Conference. SEE-1 was a successful conference and provided a forum for the Iranian scientists, seismologist, engineers and the related decision bodies of the government.

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44

B. Gatherings

Some of the initial activities of the institute were aimed at gathering the researchers, professors, and professionals interested in earthquake related matters. Three gatherings of the specialists were held on Dec. 89 and March 91 in Tehran and June 91 in shiraz and invited lecturers delivered their talks on various aspects of earthquake engineering and seismology and the related research needs in Iran. One result of these gatherings was the attraction of several earthquake experts and university professors to the newly established institute that helped its development to the present status.

C. Seminars

To enhance the knowledge of the IIEES staff in various fields of earthquake science and engineering in house seminars by Iranian and foreign researchers are held regularly. The following are a listing of the seminars presented at the Institute by the end of 1370 (March 92).

1. Report of Darab-Fars Earthquake Dr. F.Nateghi A., Mr. Tavakoli, Mr. Jafarzadeh, and Mr.Shahbazian, July 24,1991.

2. Determining Earthquake Location Using RXL Method Mr. F. Gheshlaghi, August 21,1991

3. Optimal Seismic Design of Steel Frames Dr. A.M. Kamari, September 18,1991.

4. Earthquake Catalogue of Iran Mr. H.R. Ramazy, October 9,1991.

5. Seismic Protective Systems for Rural Housing Dr. A.M. Mamari, October 23,1991.

6. Forced Vibration of Buildings Dr. Y. Yamazaki, November 23,1991.

7. Testing of Buildings Dr. Y. Yamazaki, November 26,1991.

8. Seismic Instrumentation of Buildings Dr. Y. Yamazaki, November 29,1991.

9. Instrumentation for Iranian Network Dr. P. Bormann, December 4,1991.

10. Stochastic Response of Nonlinear Systems Subjected to Earthquake Excitation. Dr. M. Hosseini, December 11,1991

45

11. Geotechnical Aspects of Seismic Microsonation Prof. K. Ishihara, January 11,1992.

12. Efficient Euler-Lagrangian Approach for the Analysis of Dam-Reservoir Dynamic Interaction Dr. H.T. Ahmadi and Mr. B. Gharabaghi, January 15,1992.

13. Study of Probability of Volcano Activity in Damavand Dr. H. Emami, January 22,1992.

14. Crustal Study of Iran, A Surface Wave Investigation Dr. K. Bahavar, February 12,1992.

15. Recent Earthquake Damages to Buildings in The World, Lessons From Them and Recent Earthquake Disaster Prevention Counter Measures in Japan Dr. M. Hirosawa, March 2,1992.

16. Seismic Diagnostic Method for Reinforced Concrete Buildings Dr. M. Hirosawa, March 3,1992.

17. Repair and Retrofiting of Reinforced Concrete Building Dr. M. Hirosawa, March 4,1992.

18. Design Guidelines for Reinforced Concrete Wall Construction and Walled Frame Construction Dr. M. Hirosawa, March 5,1992.

19. Liquefaction and Preparation of Liquefaction Macro Zonation Maps in Iran Dr. A. Komakpanah, March 11,1992.

46

IIEES PUBLICATIONS

The publication activities of the institute can be divided into two categories. One class includes the reports of research projects and books written or translated by IIEES researchers that are published by the Institute. The other category includes the presentation and publication of IIEES researchers in conferences and Journals. In addition, since may 1992 the Institute has started to publish a bimonthly newsletter in Farsi which is unique in its presenting news, activities, research abstracts, earthquake tips, etc. about earthquake. In the following a listing of the reports and papers published by IIEES staff is presented.

A- REPORTS PUBLISHED BY IIEES

1. The Manjil- Rudbar Earthquake of June 21, 1990 Preliminary Report. Publication No. IIEES-69-90-2, Aug. 1991 (English)

2. Seismic Risk Prevention and Mitigation Program in Islamic Republic of Iran, December 1990, Report No. IIEES, 69-90-4, (English)

3. The Manjil- Rudbar Earthquake of June 21, 1990 Technical Report 1, Publication No. 70-91-1, May 91 (English)

4. Public Awareness for Encountering the Earthquake Hazards Publication, Report No. 70-91-2, September 1991, (Farsi)

5. The New Design for Low and High Capacity Dynamic Triaxial Apparatus, Ali Komak Panah, report No. IIEES 70-91-3, Sept. 1991 (English)

6. Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN), (Design Specifications), Report IIEES-70-91-4, Oct 1991, (English & Farsi)

7. Darab , Fars Earthquake of Aban 15, 1369, Reconnaissance Report. Publication No. 70-91-5, Oct. 1992 (Farsi)

8. Miañen Noise Study Report, Report No.70-92-6, March 1991 (Farsi)

9. Astara Noise Study Report, Report No.70-92-7,March 1991 (Farsi)

10. Geotechnical Earthquake Study of Nar-Kangan Gas Industry , Report No. 71-92-1, (Farsi)

11. Quarterly Bulletin of IIEES Library Spring 92, Report No. 71-92-2 (English 6 Farsi)

12. Shahr Kord-Lordegan Reconnaissance Report, Report No. 71-92-3, (Farsi)

47

13. Study of Possibility of Volcanic Activity of Damavand Mountain, Report No. 71-92-4 (Farsi)

14. Damage Vulnerability of Tehran Social and Human Aspects, Report No. 71-92-5 (Farsi)

15. IIEES Earthquake Reconnaissance Plan, Report No. 71-92-6 (Farsi)

16. Upgrade Design of 240 five Story Steel Buildings Report No.71-92-7, (Farsi)

17. Construction, Repair and Retrofit of Stone Masonary Report No. 71-92-8 (Farsi)

18. Study of Liquefaction in Astaneh, Report No. 71-92-9 (Farsi)

19. Seismic Data File for Iran, Report No. 71-92-10 (Farsi)

20. Behavior of R/C Water Towers in Rasht During Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake, Report No. 71-92-11 (Farsi)

21. Optimum Seismic Resistant Design of Steel Frames, Report No. 71-92-12 (Farsi)

22. Seismic Protective Systems for Rural Bousing, Report No. 71-92-13 (Farsi)

23. Analysis of R/C Arch Dams, Report No. 71-92-14 (Farsi)

24. Let's Reduce Earthquake Hazards, 1st Edition Nov. 1991, 2nd Edition May 92, IIEES, Public Awareness Department (Farsi)

25. Proceeding of The First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (SEE-1), May 27-29, 1991, 4 Volumes.

48

B- PUBLI CATION OF IIEES RESEARCHERS

1. Astaneh, A. and Ghafory-Ashtiany, M.: The Manjil Iran, Earthquake of June 21, 1990. EERI Newsletter, Dec. 1990, Volume 24, Number 12.

2. Eosseini, M. and Ghafory-Ashtiany: Seismic Response of Hysteretic SDOF Systems to non-stationary Earthquake Excitations, proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29, 1991 Tehran, Iran.

3. Ahmadi, M. T. et al.: Dynamic Response of Sefidrud Buttress Dam During the Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29, 1991, Tehran, Iran.

4. Memari, A.M., Ahmadi, M.M., and Rezaee, B.: An Investigation of the failure of the Hater tower in Rasht. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29, 1991, Tehran, Iran.

5. Nateghi, F. and Eshghi, S.: June 21, 1990 Earthquake of Northern Iran: An Overview, Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, March 11-15, 1991, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.

6. Nateghi, F., Tavakoli, Sh. and Tavakoli, B.: A Statistical Analysis of the Damage by Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake June 21, 1990, Iran. Proceedings of the 6Th International Seminar on Earthquake Prognostics, June 24-29, 1991, Berlin, Germany.

7. Nateghi, F.: Seismic Performance of Light-Timber Framed Buildings, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29, 1991 Tehran, Iran.

8. Nateghi, F. and Vafai, A.: Analysis of Light-Timber Frame Structures Subjected to Lateral Forces. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29 1991, Tehran, Iran.

9. Nateghi, F., Jafarzadeh, F. and Shahbazian, B.: Geotechnical and Structural Failures; November 6, 1991, Earthquake of Darab, Iran. Third International Conference on Structural Failure, April 1991, Singapore.

10. Eshghi, S.: Geotechnical and Structural Failures Due to the Northern Iran Earthquake of June 21, 1990. Proceedings of International Seminar on Rescue Operations in Catastrophic Earthquake Nov. 12-14 1990. Athens, Greece.

49

11. Eshghi, S.: Effect of the Manjil, Iran Earthquake of June 21, 1990 •* on Lifeline Systems. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29 1991, Tehran, Iran.

12. Nateghi, F. et al: Fork Earthquake of November 6, 1990: A Preliminary Field Study and Documentation, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, May 27-29, 1991, Tehran, Iran. Volume I, Pages 15-22.

13. Nateghi, F . : Seismic Upgrading and Retrofiting Schemes of Existing Buildings, Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquakes, May 1992, Aleppo, Syria.

14. Nateghi, F . , and Tavakoli, B . : Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings Based on Statistical and Probabilistic Risk Analysis, Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquakes, May Aleppo, Syria.

15. Shahbazian, B. and Nateghi, F.: Seismic Strengthening of Structures, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

16. Tavakoli, B . , and Tavakoli, Sh.: Estimating the Vulnerability and Loss Function of Residential Building in Manjil-Roudbar Earthquake of June 21, 1990, Iran, (Farsi), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

17. Tavakoli, Sh. : Earthquake Prevention and Public Policy in Iran, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

18. Gheshlaghi, F.: 3D Modeling of Earth's Crust Velocity Under Rudbar-Manjil Earthquake Region (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

19. Jafari, M.K., Amidirad, J., Zolfaghary, M. and Ghaemmaghamian M. : The Consideration of Amplification Effects on Alluvial-Bed Ground in a Region in the West of Tehran, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

20. Komakpanah, A., Chodani, A.J., and Montazarolghaem, S.: The Bazards * Resulting From Landslides in Urban Areas and the Importance of Preparing Zonation Maps, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May *• 1992, Tehran, Iran.

50

21. Meraari, A.M., and Agha Koochak, A.A.: Dynamic Tests For Buildings, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

22. Nateghi, F. and Hosseini, M.: Evaluation of Buildings For Potential Seismic Hazards Using Inspection Techniques, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First. International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

23. Shahbazian, B. and Nateghi, F.: Seismic Upgrading and Retrofiting Schemes of Existing Buildings, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

24. Tavakoli, S.: Earthquake Prevention and Public Policy in Iran, Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

25. Tavakoli, B., Tavakoli, S. and Nateghi, F.: A Statistical Analysis of the Damages by Manjil - Earthquake June 20, 1990, Iran, Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

26. Jafari, M.K., Rezaipanah, N., Asghari-fard, S., and Pajouhesh, N. Public Education Program in Schools for Reducing Earthquake Bazards, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

27. Nateghi, F., and Hosseini, M.: Evaluation of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards Using Inspection Techniques, (Farsi), Proceedings of The First International Conference on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

28. Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., Hosseini, M., Jafari, M.K., Eshghi, S., Qureshy, M. and Shadi-Talab, J.: Tehran Vulnerability Analysis, Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

29. Nateghi, F. and Shahbazian, B.,: Seismic Evaluation, Upgrading and Retrofiting of Structures: Recent Experiences in Iran, Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

30. Memari, A.M., Ahmadi, M.M. and Rezaee, B.: Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Water Towers During Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake of June 1990. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

31. Ahmadi, M.T., Khoshrang, G., Mokhtarzadeh, A., and Jalalzadeh, A. : Behavior of Large Concrete Dam Due to an Actual Maximum Credible Earthquake. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

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32. Hosseini, M. and Ghafory - Ashtiany, M. : A Method for Prediction of Eysteretic Response to Earthquake Excitations. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

33. Molavi, M. and Eshghi, S.: Structural Engineering Damage Due to Manjil-Iran, Earthquake. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

34. Eshghi, S.: Behavior of lifeline Damage During Manjil-Iran Earthquake. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

35. Tavakoli, Sh. and Tavakoli, B.: Long-Distance and Ground Conditions Effects in Rasht City; Earthquake June 20, 1990 Iran. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 19-24, 1992, Madrid, Spain.

36. Gopelratnam, V.S, Lio, H. and Nateghi F.: Improving Wind Resistance of wood-Frame Houses, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic, Vol 36, No.l, 1990, PP. 664-707

37. Nateghi, F. and Shahbazian, B.: Rehabitation of Earthquake Damaged Steel Buildings, ASIA Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, JOHOR BAHOUR-14-16 Sep.92-Malyasia

38. Nateghi, F. and Lio, H.: Analytical Model for Wood Frame Structure Subjected to Wind Loads, ASIA Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, JOHOR BAHOUR-14-16 Sep.92-Malyasia

39. Nateghi, F., Shahbazian, B. and Goharshanasaan: Evaluation of Eospitals for Potential Seismic Hazards, II Interested Conference on Continental Earthquakes, Beijing China Oct. 92

40. Eshghi, S.: Performance of Lifelines During Manjil -Iran Earthquake of June 20, 1990. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Eng. Vol. II Karlsruhe, Germany, Sept. 1991.

41. Eshghi, S.: Effect of the Manjil, Iran Earthquake of June 20, 1990 on Lifeline Systems, Pacific Conference on Earthquake Eng. Auckland, New Zealand, Nov. 1991.

42. Eshghi, S.: Lessons from Manjil-Iran Earthquake of 1990: An Evaluation of Damage Parameters, 29th International Geological Congress, Kyoto, Japan, Aug. 24, Sept. 3, 1992.

43. KomakPanah,A., Rashidian,M. and Charoanzad,M.: Liquefaction Zonation of Urban Areas For Earthquake Hazard Reduction (Farsi), Proceedings of The First Int. Conf. on Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas, May 1992, Tehran, Iran.

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IIEES RESEARCHERS AND AREAS OP INTEREST

Ghafory - Ashtiany, M., (Ph.D.) Linear and Nonlinear Stochastic Response of Structures Due to Earthquake Seismic Design of Special Structures Random Vibration of Structures Seismic Hazard Reduction Disaster Management

Jafari, M.K., (Ph.D.) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Local Site Effects Constitutive Modeling of Soil Behavior Under Dynamic Loading Disaster Management

Ahmadi, M.T., (Ph.D.) Dam Engineering Structural Engineering

Nateghi Elahi, F., (Ph.D.) Strengthening and Retrofiting Design of Structures Aseismic Vulnerability Studies Retrofiting Design

Memari, A.M., (Ph.D.) Dynamic Behavior of Structures Seismic Strengthening of Structures Optimal Seismic Design

Komakpanah, A., (Ph.D.) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Liquefaction Land Slide

Bahavar, M., (Ph.D.) Seismotectonic Seismology Geophysics

Tehrani-Zadeh, M., (Ph.D.) Dynamic Behavior of tall Structure

Eshghi, S., (M.S.) Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Seismic Design of Special Structures

Hosseini, M., (Ph.D.) Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Seismic Response of Structures

Shadi-Talab, J. (Ph.D.) Socio-Economic and Social Impact of Earthquakes

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12. Aghakoochak, A.A. (Ph.D.) Seismic Behavior of Steel Structures Dynamic Testing of Structures

13. Xavakoli, S. (H.S.) Seismology

14. Tavakoli, B.'(M.S.) Seismology

15. Zaakcr, H., (M.S.) Electronics Digital Signal Processing

16. Rashidian Dezfouli, M., (M.S.) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Liquefaction Landslide

17. Zolfaghari, M . R . , (M.S.) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Liquefaction Local Site Effect and Amplification

18. Nazer, M., (Engr.) Public Awareness Program Structural Engineering

19. Kohian, R., (M.S.) Structural Engineering

20. Geshlagci, F., (M.S.) Seismology Geophysics

21. Ghaemaaghamian, M.R., (M.S.) Seismology Geophysics

22. Hesami, Kh., (M.S.) Seismotectonic Geology

23. Pour Siami, H., (M.S.) Engineering Geology Exploration Seismology

24. Amidi-Rad, J., (M.S.) Local Site Effect and Amplification

26. Chaman-Zad, M . , (M.S.) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Liquefaction