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International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning (IG-UTP)
Daniel Biau
Tehran, 02 November 2015
Overview
1. Mandate and Alignment with
Global Agendas and UN-
Habitat Strategic Plan 2014-
2019
2. Development of the
International Guidelines on
Urban and Territorial
Planning approved by UN-
Habitat Governing Council
(res. 25/6 of 23 April 2015)
2. Implementation and
Monitoring of the Guidelines
4
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN URBAN PLANNING FAILS?
SOCIAL
• Socio-economic
segregation
• Mobility & transport
breakdown
• Lack of access to
energy & clean water
• Lack of public health
and increased safety
risks
ECONOMIC
• Loss of economies
of urbanization
• Loss of
agglomeration
benefits
• Loss of job
opportunities,
especially for the
youth
ENVIRONMENTAL
• Sprawl induced
stress on land &
food resources
• Vulnerability to
impacts of climate
change
• Loss of biodiversity
and the vital system
functions it supports
Mass Housing in Ixtapaluca, Mexico ©
www.imagenesaereasdemexico.com
5
Multi-level approaches for a New Urban Agenda
NATIONAL
National Urban Policies
National Spatial Frameworks
SUB-NATIONAL/REGION
City-Region Planning
New Town Development
CITY
Planned City Extensions
Planned City Infills
1. Mandate and Alignment with Global Agendas and UN-Habitat Strategic Plan
Background and Rationale
Different types and approaches of urban and territorial planning exist and have
been tested worldwide without simple and universally agreed principles to
guide decision makers towards sustainable urban development.
The International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning (IG-UTP) intend
to constitute a global framework for improving policies, plans and designs for
more compact, socially inclusive, better integrated and connected cities
and territories that foster sustainable urban development and are resilient to
climate change.
The IG-UTP complement two sets of International Guidelines previously
adopted by the Governing Council of UN-Habitat:
Decentralisation and Strengthening of Local Authorities (2007);
Access to Basic Services for All (2009).
These Guidelines have been used as a reference framework in a number of
countries to catalyze policy and institutional reforms and leverage
partnerships.
Mandate: Resolution 24/3 of UN-Habitat GC (19 April 2013)
OP4. Requests the Executive Director of UN-Habitat in consultation with the
Committee of Permanent Representatives to initiate the elaboration of
international guidelines on urban and territorial planning and to present
the draft guidelines to the Governing Council at its twenty-fifth session for
approval;
OP8. Requests the Executive Director of the UN-Habitat, in consultation with
the Committee of Permanent Representatives, in the drafting of international
guidelines on urban and territorial planning to engage in an inclusive
consultative process in order to inform the drafting process with best
practices and lessons learned from different contexts and at different scales.
Alignment with Global Agendas
Habitat III
Post-2015 / SDGs
Other UN
Agendas
The IG-UTP could inform and contribute to the preparatory process of Habitat
III and the implementation of the SDGs
The Future We Want, 2012 (para 134):
“We recognize that, if they are well planned and developed, including through integrated planning and management approaches, cities can promote economically, socially and environmentally sustainable societies.”
Post-2015 / SDG-11: Several Goals and
Targets (see next slide)
Habitat III: Urban Agenda, 2016
Other UN Agendas (eg: 3rd World
Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction)
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Housing/Slums/
Services
Transport (incl.
Public Transport)
Urban
Planning
Cultural
HeritageEnvironmental
Impact
Safe
Public Space
Rural-Urban
Linkages
Policies/Plans
(incl. Resilience)
Financial/Tech
Assistance
GOAL
MOI TARGETS(PROCESS-ORIENTED)
CORE TARGETS (OUTCOME-ORIENTED)
Mapping of SDG-11 Targets
Alignment with UN-Habitat Strategic Plan 2014-2019
The IG-UTP aim at covering the multi-scale continuum of planning and
supporting the overall objective of UN-Habitat Sub-Programme on Urban
Planning and Design as well as UN-Habitat flagship initiatives such as:
National Urban Policies and Planned City Extensions (Res. GC 24/5)
Revitalization of Public Spaces (Res. GC 23/4)
Cities and Climate Change Initiative (Res. GC 22/3)
Supra-national and Trans-boundary level
National level
City-region and Metropolitan level
City and Municipal level
Neighbourhood level
2. Development and Approval of the International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning
Overview of the IG-UTP Development Process
Drafting
Process
Consultation
Process
GC 24 (April 2013)
Resolution 24/3 mandating the development of IG-UTP
GC 25 (April 2015)
Submission of the IG-UTP for approval
Guidelines
Case Studies
Member States (CPR)
Other target groups
From National Experiences to Universal Principles
UN-Habitat established a Group of Experts to support and guide the IG-
UTP drafting process during 2013-2014.
Experts represented Africa, Asia, Europe and America and included
nominees from:
- national governments;
- local authorities (eg: UCLG);
- development partners (eg: World Bank, OECD, UNCRD);
- associations of planners (eg: ISOCARP);
- research and academia;
- civil society organizations;
- UN-Habitat regional offices.
Drafting Process: Guidelines
Drafting Process: Case Studies
Consultation Process: Member States
Committee of Permanent
Representatives (CPR)
Aug. 2013: CPR information session and
nominations of experts
May 2014: CPR information session and
presentation of the IG-UTP structure
Jan. 2015: CPR discussion on the IG-
UTP and the preparation of GC25
Regional Events
Ministerial meetings
Consultation Process: other target groups
April 2014 - Medellin, Colombia:
WUF7 - UN High Level Inter-Agency
Meeting (27 UN agencies)
May 2014 - New York, USA: EcoSoc
Integration Segment – Side Event
Nov. 2014 - Seoul, Korea: 5th Asia
Pacific Ministerial Conference on
Housing and Urban Development
(APMCHUD 5)
Dec. 2014 - Geneva, Switzerland:
1st meeting of the UNECE Task
Group on Urban Planning
Continuous internal consultations
within UN-Habitat (HQ and Regional
Offices)
Resolution 25/6 of UN-Habitat GC (23 April 2015)
OP1. Approves the international guidelines on urban and territorial
planning as a valuable guide towards the achievement of sustainable
development;
OP2. Encourages member States to consider UTP principles outlined in
the guidelines while developing, reviewing and implementing their
national urban policies and UTP frameworks;
OP4. Requests UN-Habitat to assist interested member States in using
and adapting the guidelines to their territorial and national contexts.
Structure of the Guidelines
1. URBAN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE
2. UTP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
2.a UTP and Social Development
2.b UTP and Sustained Economic Growth
2.b UTP and the Environment
3. UTP COMPONENTS
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF UTP
► Key Urban and Territorial Planning (UTP) principles organized along 4 main
pillars:
► Action-oriented recommendations for stakeholders involved in urban and
territorial planning (national and local authorities, CSOs, professionals)
1
2.a2.b
2.c
3 & 4
Key Principles of the Guidelines– 1/3
1. Urban and Territorial Planning is more than a technical tool; it is an integrative
and participatory decision-making process that addresses competing
interests and is linked to a shared vision, an overall development strategy as
well as national, regional and local urban policies.
2. Urban and Territorial Planning represents a core component of the renewed
urban governance paradigm which aims at promoting local democracy,
participation and inclusion, transparency and accountability, with a view to
ensuring sustainable urbanization and spatial quality.
3. Urban and Territorial Planning primarily aims at realizing adequate
standards of living and working conditions of all segments of present
and future society and at ensuring equitable distribution of the costs,
opportunities and benefits of urban development, and particularly at promoting
social inclusion and cohesion.
4. Urban and Territorial Planning constitutes an essential investment in the future
and a pre-condition to better quality of life and successful globalization
processes that have to respect cultural heritages and cultural diversity
and to recognize the distinct needs of various groups.
Urb
an
Po
licy &
Go
ve
rna
nce
UT
P &
So
cia
l
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Key Principles of the Guidelines – 2/3
5. Urban and Territorial Planning is a catalyst for sustained and inclusive
economic growth through providing a framework for new economic
opportunities, regulation of land and housing markets and timely provision of
adequate infrastructure and basic services.
6. Urban and Territorial Planning constitutes a powerful decision-making
mechanism to ensure that sustained economic growth, social
development and environmental sustainability go hand in hand and to
promote better connectivity at all territorial levels.
7. Urban and Territorial Planning provides a spatial framework to protect and
manage the natural and built environment of cities and territories,
including biodiversity, land and natural resources, and to ensure integrated
and sustainable development.
8. Urban and Territorial Planning contributes to increase human security by
strengthening environmental and socio-economic resilience, enhancing
mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and improving the management
of natural and environmental risks and hazards.
UT
P &
Su
sta
ine
d
Eco
no
mic
Gro
wth
UT
P &
the
En
viro
nm
en
t
Key Principles of the Guidelines – 3/3
9. Urban and Territorial Planning combines several spatial, institutional and
financial dimensions over a variety of time horizons and geographical
scales. It is a continuous and iterative process, grounded in enforceable
regulations, that aims at promoting more compact cities and synergies
between territories.
10. Urban and Territorial Planning includes spatial planning which aims at
facilitating and articulating political decisions based on different
scenarios. It translates these decisions into actions that will transform the
physical and social space and support the development of integrated
cities and territories.
11. Adequate implementation of urban and territorial plans in all their
dimensions requires political leadership, appropriate legal and
institutional frameworks, efficient urban management, improved
coordination, and consensus-building approaches to respond
coherently and effectively to current and future challenges;
12. Effective Urban and Territorial Planning implementation and evaluation
requires in particular continuous monitoring and periodic adjustments
and sufficient capacities at all levels, as well as sustainable financial
mechanisms and technologies.
UT
P c
om
po
ne
nts
Imp
lem
en
tatio
n
of U
TP
A. Urban Policy and Governance
25
National governments: policy framework, enabling legal framework, institutional set-up, decentralization/subsidiarity, multi-level and metropolitan governance, UTP observatory;
Local Authorities: ensure political leadership, approve/update plans, integrate service provision, link to city management, supervise professionals, enforce regulations, set-up participatory mechanisms and multi-stakeholder monitoring, share under C2C;
CSOs and private sector: participate, contribute, encourage, mobilize, ensure continuity;
Planning Professionals: provide expertise, advocate/promote inclusive development tools, advise/adapt, raise awareness, develop capacities.
26
B1. UTP and Social Development
National governments: monitor housing & living conditions, design poverty reduction strategies, housing finance systems, fiscal incentives and subsidies, promote heritage conservation;
Local Authorities: plan (spatial framework for basic services, physical guide for land, housing and transport, regulations for mixed land use), ensure social inclusion and access for all, public spaces, slum upgrading, drinking water and sanitation, land security, housing finance, reliable public transport, urban safety, cultural diversity, heritage preservation;
CSOs and Planning Professionals: contribute, etc.
27
B2. UTP and Sustained Economic Growth
National governments: develop polycentric regions, engage in partnerships for competitiveness, support inter-municipal cooperation, formulate LED policy framework and ICT framework to improve connectivity;
Local Authorities: develop trunk infrastructure and energy-efficient mobility (mass transit), digital infrastructure (smart cities), link to investment planning and private, manage land markets and taxes, support local employment generation, street networks for LED, design neighbourhoods (infills and extensions) in cost-effective way (density);
CSOs and Planning Professionals: contribute, etc..
28
B3. UTP and the Environment
National governments: set standards and regulations, ensure regional cohesion, rural-urban complementarities, support impact assessments, promote compact cities, clean energy and energy efficiency in buildings and transport;
Local Authorities: formulate mitigation and adaptation frameworks in response to climate change, adopt low-carbon urban forms, locate residential developments in low-risk areas, improve access to water and sanitation, reduce air pollution, protect/produce high-quality public and green spaces, encourage recycling, coordinate with land developers and service providers, promote green buildings;
CSOs and Planning Professionals: contribute, etc.
29
C. UTP components
National governments: promote UTP as facilitating and flexible mechanism, raise awareness and build capacities, maintain information and mapping systems, put in place evaluation, support planning agencies and establish financial and fiscal frameworks;
Local Authorities: develop vision and objectives, elaborate spatial plans with priority actions and flexibility, set up institutional arrangements and strengthen capacities, create knowledge base, link land-use and infrastructure planning, define/adjust implementation mechanisms;
CSOs and private sector: participate in project prioritization, advocate social and spatial inclusiveness;
Planning Professionals: develop new tools for participatory planning, propose scenarios for more compact cities, disaster mitigation and poverty reduction.
30
D. Implementation and Monitoring of UTP
National governments: keep regulations under review, promote accountability, provide incentives, encourage training, monitoring, reporting, data management, cross-fertilization, track progress (indicators), promote new and sound technologies;
Local Authorities: adopt transparent institutional set-ups, realistic financial scenarios (budgetary and extra-budgetary resources, public, private, taxes, fees…) and cost-recovery mechanisms, PPPs, establish multi-partner committees for monitoring, develop public information and knowledge transfer systems;
CSOs and private sector: participate, contribute, encourage, mobilize, provide feedback;
Planning Professionals: provide technical assistance, train, document.
Rio+20 Outcome Document: The Future We Want (paragraph 134):
“We recognize that, if they are well planned and developed, including through integrated planning and management approaches, cities can promote economically, socially and environmentally sustainable societies.”
The UNGA, under the SDGs, adopted on 25 September 2015 a goal on
“Making Cities and Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and
Sustainable”, known as SDG-11, with 7 action targets and 3 means of
implementation (MOI) targets.
Alignment with Global Agendas: Rio+20 and SDGs
SDG-11 Targets
11.1 by 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, and
upgrade slums
11.2 by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all,
improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in
vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
11.3 by 2030 enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacities for participatory,
integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
11.4 strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.5 by 2030 significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of affected people and decrease by
y% the economic losses relative to GDP caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with the
focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
11.6 by 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special
attention to air quality, municipal and other waste management
11.7 by 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces,
particularly for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
11.a support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by
strengthening national and regional development planning
11.b by 2020, increase by x% the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing
integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate
change, resilience to disasters, develop and implement in line with the forthcoming Hyogo Framework holistic
disaster risk management at all levels
11.c support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, for sustainable
and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
3. Implementation and Monitoring of the IG-UTP
What’s next?
1. Provide inputs and contribute to the
preparatory process of Habitat III
2. Promote the UTP Guidelines in
international, regional and national
meetings and events
3. Compendium of Inspiring Practices
(open database)
4. Launch the IG-UTP Support Programme
(subject to funding)
5. Sustain the Community of Practices that
has emerged from the Group of Experts
6. Countries to translate, adapt and use the
Guidelines
How could we implement and monitor the IG-UTP?
The IG-UTP Support Programme would include a set of complementary
activities at 3 levels:
At the global level, it would focus on knowledge management,exchange of experience, tool development, monitoring and reporting;
At the regional level, it would focus on awareness raising, comparative
evaluations, policy dialogue and capacity development;
At the country level, it would focus on the national adaptation of the IG-
UTP, review and adjustment of legal and regulatory frameworks, and
application of the adapted guidelines to concrete city situations.
IG-UTP Support Programme at a Glance (1)
Objectives:
Develop and disseminate a diversity of planning approaches adapted to
different contexts and scales;
Mainstream urban and territorial issues in the development agendas of
national, regional and local governments;
Deliver a set of concrete outputs at global, regional and national levels.
Expected Accomplishments (EA):
EA1: Collective international knowledge enhanced and new global tools
developed on Urban and Territorial Planning (global level);
EA2: Policy dialogue activated and capacities strengthened in four
developing regions (regional level);
EA3: Guidelines adapted and under monitored implementation in at least
ten developing countries by 2018 (local level).
IG-UTP Support Programme at a Glance (2)
Partners:
National Governments;
Local Authorities and their associations;
UN agencies (UNCRD, Regional Commissions, UNDP…);
Professional associations;
Civil Society Organizations.
Timeframe: 2 years (2016-2017)
Estimated Budget: USD 1,700,000
EA1: USD 300,000 (global level)
EA2: USD 400,000 (regional level)
EA3: USD 1,000,000 (national level)
Summary of key messages
Failure of planning has contributed to sprawl, segregation and congestion
Revival of confidence in the essential role of urban planning and design in shaping sustainable development
Recognition of need for compact, integrated and connected cities that are socially inclusive and climate resilient
Implementation requires policies, plans and designs that link planning, legislation and finance
Key tools include national urban policies, planned city extensions/infills
Urban planning features prominently in the 2030 targets (SDGs) and will be at the core of the new urban agenda (H III)
38
39
INTRODUCTION
Why we need Planned City ExtensionsFrom Business as Usual Towards a New Urban Agenda
Urban Sprawl → Compactness
Segregation → Integration
Congestion → Connectivity
UN-Habitat other References on Urban Planning and Design
1 2
2 4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Urban Planning for City
Leaders (2012)
Urban Patterns for a Green
Economy, Series of 4 Guides (2012)
Citywide Strategic Planning, a Step
by Step Guide (2010)
Global Report on Human Settlements –
Planning Sustainable Cities (2009)
International Guidelines on
Decentralisation and Access to
Basic Services for all (2007 and
2009)*
* available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
Merci !