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8/2/2019 International Green Legislation and Reverse Log
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L O G I S T I C S A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L B E S T
P R A C T I C E
International Green Legislation
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Green Logistics
Refers to understanding and minimizing the ecologicalimpact of logistics
The main objective of Green logistics is to coordinate theactivities within a supply chain in such a way that
beneficiary needs are met at "least cost" to theenvironment
Green logistics activities include: measuring the environmental impact of particular modes of
transport
ISO 14000 certification
reducing energy usage of logistics activities and reducing usage ofmaterials.
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Logistics and Environmental Best Practice
Improve your business image
Make financial savings
Comply with vehicle emissions legislation
Employee benefits
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Reduce the environmental impact of yourbusiness transport
Logistics can be important to reducing environmentalimpact. Freight transport is a key part of logistics andwhether your business is moving its own or anotherorganization's goods, considering how to improve yoursystems may deliver business benefits, as well as reducing
your impact on the environment: Have one central distribution center
Transport goods by rail or water
Improve fuel management
Aim to use local suppliers Ship products together rather in small batches
Using alternative fuel vehicles
Building facilities and storage environmentally friendly
Promote recycling and re use programs
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Rio Earth Summit (1992):
172 governments participated, with 108 sending their heads ofstate or government. Some 2,400 (NGOs) attended, with17,000 people at the parallel NGO "Global Forum", who hadConsultative Status.
The issues addressed included:
systematic scrutiny of patterns of production particularlythe production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline,or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals
alternative sources of energy to replace the use offossil fuelswhich are linked to global climate change
new reliance on public transportation systems in order toreduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the healthproblems caused by polluted air and smog
the growing scarcity ofwater
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consultative_Statushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consultative_Status8/2/2019 International Green Legislation and Reverse Log
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Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16February 2005.
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreementlinked to the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change.
The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets
binding targets for 37 industrialized countries andthe European community for reducing greenhousegas emissions .
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Copenhaguen Summit
Copenhagen Summit was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7December and 18 December 2009
The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the US, China, India, Brazil andSouth Africa on December 18, and judged a "meaningful agreement" bythe United States government
The document recognized that climate change is one of the greatestchallenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep anytemperature increases to below 2C. The document is not legally bindingand does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2
emissions.
The Copenhagen Accord recognizes the scientific case for keepingtemperature rises below 2C, but does not contain commitments for reducedemissions that would be necessary to achieve that aim.
The Accord also favors developed countries' paying developing countriesto reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Accordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Accordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen8/2/2019 International Green Legislation and Reverse Log
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Environmental Checklist
What environmental risks do your firms activities pose? Do your processes and materials pose any danger? Do you know what impact do your products (including their disposal) and services have
on the environment? Do you know what type and quantity of waste you produce? Are there hidden benefits (for ex more production efficiency) or even straight business
opportunities (for ex commercial utilization of waste) from adapting alternative methodsof controlling or eliminating the pollution risk?
Do you know how it is disposed and what the cost is? Is your firm operating the most cost effective method of controlling or eliminating
pollution risk? Can you meet the consumer demand for environmentally friendly products? Are you aware of existing environmental standard and legislation in the country and
overseas? Is senior management actively involved in ensuring that proper weight is given to
environmental considerations throughout the firm? Could you improve your environmental image to the public and your employees? Are you highlighting your environmental performance?
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Reverse Logistics
Relatively new area
Reverse logistics is the process of moving goods fromtheir typical final destination for the purpose of
capturing value, or proper disposal. The reverse logistics process can be broken into two
general areas, depending on whether the reverse flowconsists primarily of products, or primarily of
packaging.
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Reverse Logistics
Typical reverse logistics activities would be the processesa company uses to collect used, damaged, unwanted, oroutdated products, as well as packaging and shippingmaterials from the end-user or the reseller.
Reverse logistics also includes processing returnedmerchandise due to damage, seasonal inventory, restock,salvage, recalls, and excess inventory. It also includesrecycling programs, hazardous material programs,obsolete equipment disposition, and asset recovery.
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Common Reverse Logistics Activities
Materials Return to supplier for a
refund
Resell
Sell via Outlet
Salvage
Recondition
Refurbish
Remanufacture
Reclaim Materials
Recycle
Landfill
Packaging
Reuse
Refurbish
Reclaim Materials Recycle
Salvage
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Reverse Logistics
2 paradigms for a reverse logistics system
Decentralized ( decision regarding the disposition of products are madeat retail locations)
Centralized system (all products for the reverse logistics pipeline arebrought to a central facility, sorted, and sent out to their ultimatedestination)
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Importance of Reverse Logistics
Johnson & Johnson
Good corporte citizenship Ex Nike and Kenneth Cole
keeping consumer product fresh and interesting Helps keep customers loyalty
Legal Disposal Issues
Recapture Value and Recover Assets
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Barriers to Reverse Logistics
Barrier Percentage
Importance of Reverse Log compared toother issues
39.2
Company Policies 35
Lack of systems 34.3
Management inattention 26.8
Financial resources 19
Personnel resources 19
etc
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Reverse Logistics Best Practices
Have a robust gate-keeping function that gathersinformation and applies rules-based processing asearly as possible in the lifecycle of a return
Share captured information on returns with otherparts of the organization, especially engineering anddesign
Automate data capture and processes wherever
possible, including warranty validation and tracking Establish clear and uniform policies and procedures
to govern the disposition of returns
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Reverse Logistics Best Practice
Increase customer support aimed at stopping returnsbefore they happen
Make it easy and convenient for customers to return
products when necessary
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B E N C H M A R K I N G
E D I
B A R C O D E S
R F I D
Information and Communication
Technology in the Supply Chain
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Benchmarking
Definition: is the process of continuously measuring and comparingones business performance against comparable processes in leadingorganizations to obtain information that will help the organizationidentify and implement improvements
Objectives WithBenchmarking Without Benchmarking
Reactive Proactive
Industries Best Practices Few solutions Many options / superior performance
Define cust requirements Based on history Based on market reality
Establish effective goals Lack external focus Credible, unarguable
Become competitive Internally Focused Understand competition and gain ideas from provenpractices
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Steps to conduct a Benchmarking exercise
Step one: Senior management committment
Step two: Set objectives
Step three: Choose Benchmarking partners Internal colleagues Easiest as the info should be available and accurate
Industry Benchmarking - Difficult as competitors are not likely to engage in anexercise that may lead to a loss of competitive advantage ( but some organizations arevery open with their info so it is not impossible). Finally trade associations do produceindustry statistics but they are likely to be non-specific and based on averages.
Non competitive benchmarking: This involves benchmarking against other companiesin different industries. This has the advantage of excluding market competition fromthe process of comparison. But it does make it more difficult to identify specific areasof comparison between non competitive benchmarking partners.
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Steps to conduct a Benchmarking exercise
Step four: Get acquainted with your partner ( tours,inspections, meetings)
Step Five: Analyze data
Step Six: Continue the processAllocate staff on a permanent basis to engage in continuous
benchmarking activities
Use benchmarking as part of continuous improvement
culture Create a computer data base of benchmarking info
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EDI: Electronic Data Interchange
Definition: computer to computer exchange ofstructured data for automatic processing. EDI isused by supply chain partners to exchange essentialinfo necessary for the effective running of their
business. These links are usually set up betweenorganizations that have a long term tradingrelationship. EDI is used to send invoices, bills of
lading, confirmation of dispatch, shipping detailsand any info that the linked organizations choose toexchange
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EDI
Info needs to be entered on to the computer system onlyonce
Documents are transmitted from computer to computerin a standard electronic format
Information is processed without human intervention Speed of transactions
Reduced cost and error rates
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPI70LckP4&featur
e=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RnV79RIuMY&feat
ure=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPI70LckP4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPI70LckP4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RnV79RIuMY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RnV79RIuMY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RnV79RIuMY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RnV79RIuMY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPI70LckP4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPI70LckP4&feature=related8/2/2019 International Green Legislation and Reverse Log
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Bar Codes
A bar code is therepresentation of a numberor code in a form suitablefor reading by machines.Bar codes are widely usedthroughout the supply
chain to identify and trackgoods at all stages in theprocess.
Shows certain data oncertain products
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_IWym6aTRA&feature=related
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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
RFID is a rapidly developing technology that allowsobjects to be tagged with a device that contains a memorychip. The chip has a read and write quality that iscurrently executed using radiofrequency.
For ex a pallet of goods can have a RFID tag attached
that contains a lot of info regarding that specific pallet(product details, number of cartons, origin/destinationof goods, location of the warehouse etc) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xf2aiOaCq-
c&NR=1&feature=fvwp
etiquetas que hablan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dac6HLUf9HE&NR=1 EPC - RFID Cdigo Electrnico de Producto