International Experience- Algae Biofuels

7/27/2019 International Experience- Algae Biofuels

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Centre for Fuel Studies and ResearchInternational Experience- Algae Biofuels

Gujarat Working Group Meeting

7th August 2013By K. N. Naik

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Let us Exploit what we have in plenty

Gujarat Has plenty of

Sunshine

Brackish water

CO2Arid Land and Building facades

Which are the only resources required for algae basedbiofuels production

There are 2 quintillion tons of atmospheric CO2, 343sextillion gallons of seawater, and 173 million gigawatts ofsolar energy (per year).

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Algae a versatile resource

Apart from biofuel possibilities to co-produce value addedproducts like carbohydrates, natural dyes and pigments,antioxidants and other bio-active compounds which canall be used in various processes ranging from the

industrial, cosmetics to pharmaceutical sectors.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Big Names Are all there

Exxon-Synthetic Genomics $600 million collaborative forgreen crude development

Algenol-Dow for bioproducts

BP-Martek for algae fermentation

Shell-HR Biopetroleum for hybrid PBR-ponddevelopment

Chevron-Solazyme for green crude and drop-in fuels and

Dupont-BAL for biobutanol from seaweed.

A Credit Suisse report revealed that Reliance has investeda total of $116 million (Rs6.2 billion)in algae to fuelcompanies

$93.5 million (Rs5.0 billion) in Algenol and

22.5 million (Rs1.2 billion) in Aurora Algae

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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The Sahara Forest ProjectQatar

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The Sahara Forest Project is all about taking what we haveenough of, like saltwater, CO2, sunlight, and deserts, toproduce what we need more of: sustainably produced food,water, and energy.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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The Sahara Forest ProjectQatar

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An oasis of green technologies: 1. Concentrated Solar Power; 2. Saltwatergreenhouses; 3. Outside vegetation and evaporative hedges; 4. Photovoltaic SolarPower; 5. Salt production; 6. Halophytes; 7. Algae production

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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OriginOil

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Proprietary Algae Screen process it relies on anelectromagnetic pulse. The salvo is powerful enough to kill offbacteria as well as rotifers and ciliates (these are other kinds ofmicroscopic organisms. The breakthrough consists in using

Algae Screen during the harvesting process as well as duringthe growth period.

OriginOil has proven a system called Single Step Extractionthat is chemical-free, low-energy, high-flow and low-cost. Noother process can meet all these requirements. And Single

Step Extraction does more than dewater: it can rupture toughalgae cell walls (a process called lysing) to free up oils andother valuable cellular components that downstream processescan separate out.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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OriginOil- Algae for Treatment of Frack waterfor Recycling

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OriginOil's algae harvesting process was able to remove 98%of hydrocarbons from a sample of West Texas oil well 'fracflowback' water in the first stage alone.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Algae.Tec Ltd.

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The Algae.Tec enclosed modular technology captures carbondioxide waste from power stations and manufacturingfacilities, which feeds into the algae growth system.

In Texas, Algae.Tec is working with a large power group

to reduce its emissions, while in Brazil its looking to teamup with a food manufacturer. The Algae.Tec algae photo-reactors take a carbon dioxide feed from the ethanolfermenters in Australia into the algae growth system.

The facility is being built in Sri Lanka with the local

subsidiary of industrial giant Holcim where initial 250modules should produce approximately 31 million litres ofoil for biodiesel production and 31000 tonnes of biomass peryear, whilst capturing 125,000 tonnes of CO2.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Aurora Algae

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Algae-based biomass production facility at a pilotdemonstration site in Western Australia- Cultivating agenetically-enhanced strain of common algae in six 1-acresaltwater ponds, Aurora is consistently producing between12-15 metric tons of algal biomass per month.

Aurora is actually using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstockto promote algal growth.

The demonstration algae biomass production facility yieldsessential protein and Omega-3 fatty acids for food products,

nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture, as well asfertilizer and biodiesel fuel.

Aurora Algae announced Companys commercial facility inWestern Australia having just secured over 1,500 acres ofland near its demonstration facility

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Sapphire Energy Inc.

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Green Crude Farm, the first commercial demonstrationalgae-to-energy plant, has begun operations. Uponcompletion of the facility, it will generate roughly 1.5million gallons of crude and use 300 acres of algae pondsand processing units.

Sapphire is now conducting all united operations, includingcultivation, harvest and extraction in a continuous process

By the end of 2014, the Green Crude Farm will produce 100barrels of Green Crude per day. The commercial

demonstration project is expected to prove commercialtechno-economics, and Sapphires commercial scale GreenCrude facility

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Algenol

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In Florida, the company confirmed that it had exceededproduction rates 9,000 gallons of ethanol per acre per year

After completing major construction activities at theirintegrated pilot scale biorefinery in 2012, it has fully shifted

focus to demonstrating the commercial viability of Direct toEthanol technology at its pilot facility and identifying sitesfor commercial projects to begin in 2014.

The patented Direct to Ethanol technology enables theproduction of ethanol for around $1.00 per gallon using

sunlight, carbon dioxide and saltwater. One tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) is converted into 160

gallons of ethanol, and 2 gallons of fresh water are producedfor each gallon of ethanol in the Direct to Ethanol process.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Aquaflow

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Aquaflow announced that it will be working with UOP on aproject to demonstrate technology that captures carbondioxide and cultivates algae for use in biofuels and energyproduction.

Aquaflow has been harvesting wild algae from a municipalwaste water site in Blenheim, New Zealand for over 5 years.Their algae Harvester unit processes 35m3 of algae ladenwater per hour

Aquaflow made its first substantial operating revenue in the

year ended March 2011, bringing in $122,669 after expensesfor its algae harvesting projects in the US and New Zealand.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Photon8 Inc.

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Announced that it has succeeded in producing drop-infuel components from its geneticallyimproved algae.

The process is simpler than those who propose producinggreen crude and sending it through an oil refinery

hydrotreating system. We have already achieved the productivity of 5600

gal/acre/year, and most importantly, within our confines ofunder $10/m2, leading to a cost of jet fuel components of lessthan $1.50/gallon.

Solventless Extraction and Exact Replicate conversionprocesses provide fuels that are the same as fossil fuels (nomixing required).

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Joule Unlimited

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has just completed build-out of its SunSpringsdemonstration in Texas.

Joules microorganisms go directly to diesel moleculeproduction rather than using a secondary process.

a small-scale unit which can be replicated almost infinitely,which provides a medium for an engineered microbe to fixCO2, and draw in brackish water and other nutrients, usethose ingredients to overproduce a target fuel or chemical,sweat the fuel which is then separated from the growth

media, and delivered through a channel where it is collectedfor distribution.

In the Joule universe, you milk the organism, rather thanslaughter it. Joule makes cows, rather than bulls for the beefmarket.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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Odyssey Oil & Energy, Inc.

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Algae Bio-fuels / Carbon Capture pilot plant at the Boschoeksmelter is runningand has successfully completed a varietyof tests. The Algae is growing rapidly and being harvestedon a regular basis thereby meeting the goals of carboncapture and creating lipids to be converted into bio-fuel.

The current phase is the growing of a selected algae strain inphoto bio-reactors, utilizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluegas coming from the exhausts of the generators

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Actual Use of Algae Fuels

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In January 2009, Continental Airlines made history with the first-ever test flight ofa commercial jet in the US with algae-based fuel as part of its biofuel blend.Continental Boeing 737 flew with a blend of 50 percent biofuels and 50percent traditional jet fuel in one of its two engines

In June 2011, the US Navy successfully demonstrated a 50-50 blend of

traditional and algae-based jet fuel, produced by Solazyme, in a MH-60SSeahawk helicopter.

In July 2011, ASTM International, the worlds standards body, announced it hadapproved airlines to fly passenger jets using derivatives of up to 50percent biofuel made from feedstocks such asmeaning that renewable aviationbiofuels were cleared for take-off.

In November, 2011, United Flight 1403 flew from Houston to Chicago, on a 40percent blend of Solazymes algal jet fuel

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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20202020

Some Indian Development

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Indian Oil and the Department of Biotechnology(DBT) have jointly set up a Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research.

IOC-DBT Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Researchhas signed an agreement with LanzaTech, USA, tofurther develop IOC-DBT's micro-algae technology.

K. N. Naik, CFSR


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International Experience- Algae Biofuels