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INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SUPPORT OF «ONE HEALTH»7th ICAHIS (International Conference of Animal Health Information Specialists) Boston, USA, 3-8 May 2013

Marie Teissier Information Specialist – m.teissier@oie.int

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“Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line, nor should there be” (Robert Virchow 1821-1902)

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A “Globalized World”

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An Increase of Global Population: 1950-2050

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2008 Revision

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Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

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Number of Emerging Infectious Disease (EID) Events per Decade by Transmission Type

EID events = classified by the temporal origin of the original case or cluster of cases that represents a disease emerging in the human populationZoonotic potential of animal pathogens:• 60% of human pathogens are

zoonotic• 75% of emerging diseases are

zoonotic• 80% of agents having a

potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens

• Many of them have a proven link with wildlife

→Need of prevention and control

Jones K et al. Nature, Vol 451:21 February 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06536

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One World, One Health TM* Symposium - Building Interdisciplinary Bridges to Health in a “Globalized World”, Rockefeller University, NY City, September 2004

*TM Wildlife Conservation Society www.wcs.org

Adoption of the ‘Manhattan Principles’12 recommendations with 2 aims: • preventing epidemic/epizootic disease • maintaining ecosystem integrity Cooperating at the human-animal-ecosystem

health interface strengthening interdisciplinary cross-sectoral cooperation: “Only by breaking down the barriers among agencies, individuals, specialities and sectors can we unleash the innovation and expertise needed to meet the many serious challenges to the health of people, domestic animals, and wildlife and to the integrity of ecosystems…”

Tripartite Cooperation

• Long history of cooperation between the OIE, FAO and WHO before the current interest in One Health

• Moving towards the One Health approach despite the fact that it did not yet have a name

• Cooperation Agreements Signed as soon as 1952 (OIE/FAO) and 1960

(OIE/ WHO) Based on the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee

on Veterinary Public Health of 1975 an OIE/FAO/WHO Study Group on Future Trends in Veterinary Public Health (VPH) met in 1999 and established VPH as an area of cooperation among the three organizations

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Joint OIE/FAO network of expertise for the control of avian influenza - OFFLU

• established in 2005 by OIE and FAO to develop research, offer veterinary expertise to Member Countries to assist in the control of AI, it collaborates with WHO issues relating to the animal-human interface

• Expanded to OIE-FAO network of expertise on all animal influenza in 2009

http://www.offlu.net/

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Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs)

Agreement between the OIE and the FAO (Paris, 24-05-2004)

Replaces a previous 50 year old agreement

Strengthens complementarities and synergies

of OIE / FAO through:• Early warning systems• Collection and analysis of animal

health information• Design and implementation of

strategies for disease control• Promotion of research

WHO associated in case of zoonoses

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One Health Agenda

• January 2006: People’s Republic of China/European Commission/World Bank/OIE/WHO/FAO International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Pandemic Influenza

• December 2007: at the New Delhi International Ministerial Conference on Avian and Pandemic Influenza, the global avian influenza response moves towards a broader ‘One World, One Health’ agenda, focusing on the intersections of animal, human and ecosystem health

• October 2008: Verona, FAO-OIE-WHO Joint Technical Consultation on Avian Influenza at the Human-Animal Interface

• October 2008: OIE/FAO/WHO/UNICEF/UN System Influenza Coordinator/World Bank “Strategic Framework” for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface presented at the Sharm el Sheikh Inter Ministerial Conference on Avian Influenza

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1217-18 January 2006, Beijing, China

A decisive step towards cross-sectoral international cooperation through promotion and coordination of financial support

Adoption of the Beijing Declaration (quote):

“ We, Participants in the Conference, commit ourselves to ensuring effective development and implementation of integrated national action plans within the framework of WHO/FAO/OIE global strategies guided by political leadership at the highest level, to mobilizing resources in our countries and to drawing upon government, civil society and the private sector to effect a coordinated response…by taking advantage of the expertise and the existing technical networks established by UN, WHO, FAO, OIE and other relevant organizations and groups…”

Contributing to One World, One Health*

A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the

Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface14 October 2008

UN SystemInfluenza Coordination

THE WORLD BANK

*Used with permission of the Wildlife Conservation Society

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Contributing to One World, One Health: A Strategic Framework…Presented at the 2008 Sharm El Sheikh International Conference on Avian Influenza“…builds on the existing approaches and mandates of international institutions and other partners to form a flexible network… • able to adapt and respond rapidly to all new health emergencies …”• with specific objectives and outputs at national, regional and international

levels:– Strengthen public and animal health capacity, prevention, detection and rapid

emergency response to any disease outbreaks

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– Develop surveillance and monitoring capacity

– Promote inter-agency and cross-sectoral collaboration and partnerships

– Control HPAI and other existing and potentially re-emerging infectious diseases

– Conduct strategic research

One Health Agenda• March 2009: One World One Health – from ideas to action, Winnipeg, Canada• April 2010: Second FAO-OIE-WHO Joint Scientific Consultation : Influenza and other Emerging Zoonotic Diseases at the Human Animal Interface, Verona, Italy• April 2010: International Ministerial Conference on Avian and Pandemic Influenza, Hanoi, Vietnam: adoption of OIE/FAO/WHO Tripartite Concept Note• May 2010: Operationalizing “One Health”: A Policy Perspective-Taking Stock and Shaping an Implementation Roadmap, Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA

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The « Stone Mountain » Meeting, Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA, May 4-6, 2010

CDC, OIE, FAO, WHOdefined a 3-5 year vision of One Health :

- culture change- increased visibility- political will/financial

support- optimal coordinated

efforts

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One Health Priority Partnerships• OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)

• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)• WHO (World Health Organization)• Other United Nations Organisations• Regional Organisations (AU-IBAR*, ASEAN**, SADC*** etc)• World Bank• WTO (World Trade Organization)• EC (European Commission)• Private Sector• Donors• CVO’s (Chief Veterinary officers) • NGO’s (Non-governmental Organisations) *African Union/Interafrican bureau for agricultural resources**Association of Southeast Asian Nations***South Asian Association for regional Cooperation

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2010 Tripartite Concept Note – April 2010(released at the International Ministerial Conference on Avian

and Pandemic Influenza, Hanoi, Vietnam)

VisionA world capable of preventing, detecting, containing, eliminating, and responding to animal and public health risks attributable to zoonoses and animal diseases with an impact on food security through multi-sectoral cooperation and strong partnerships

“…recent efforts … have underscored the fact that successful and sustained results are possible when functional collaborations are established…”

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« Tripartite Concept Note »FAO-OIE-WHO Tripartite Cooperation

Address gaps and strengthen collaboration at the human-animal-ecosystems interfaces with priority topics for joint actions: rabies, which still kills nearly 70,000 people every year, zoonotic influenza viruses and antimicrobial resistance

Achieve alignment and coherence of related global standard setting activities:• FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius standards on food

safety• OIE Codes/Manuals/Evaluation Tool for Performance

of Veterinary services (PVS Pathway) for animal• International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)• WHO International Health regulation (IHR) for public

health Prepare tripartite protocols for risk assessment,

management and communication, recommendations and guidance for countries on identifying data gaps

Develop normative standards and field programs to achieve One Health goals

*International Plant Protection Convention

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Tripartite Collaboration

Global Early Warning and Response System (zoonoses) OIE / WHO / FAO: GLEW’s

Crisis management Centre – Animal Health (CMC-AH)

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) IDENTIFY component of the Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) Program

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• combines and coordinates the alert and response mechanisms of OIE, FAO and WHO

• assists in prediction, prevention and control of animal disease threats, including zoonoses

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GLEWS Zoonotic Diseases of Interest• Anthrax• Brucellosis (B. melitensis)• BSE• Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever• Ebola virus• Foodborne Diseases• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza• Japanese equine encephalitis• Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever

• New world screwworm • Nipah Virus• Old world screwworm • Q fever• Rabies• Rift Valley fever • Sheep Pox/Goat Pox• Tularemia• Venezuelan equine

encephalitis• West Nile fever

Non-Zoonotic Diseases: African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Foot and mouth disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Rinderpest

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FAO-OIE-WHO partnership• Crisis management Centre –

Animal Health established in 2006 by FAO and OIE

• Mandated for rapid response to HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza), other TADs and emerging disease threats

• OIE and FAO’s network of expertise

• Partnership agreement for official WHO collaboration

• Links with other OIE, FAO and WHO mechanisms including OIE-PVS Pathway and GLEWS

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Laboratory Capacity Building and Networking

IDENTIFY project of the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) Program

Jointly implemented in 2009 with OIE, FAO and WHO to:• Strengthen diagnostic

capacities in 2 geographic “hot spots”: Congo Basin region, South east/South Asia region

• Link laboratory networks in the animal and human health sectors through OIE/FAO/WHO existing institutional mechanisms

• Develop guidance, policy and training

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Expanding the scientific basis for effective “One Health” approaches

• OIE Conferences on Veterinary Education 2009 and 2011 (3rd Conference: Brazil, December 2013) recommend “One Health” incorporation in curricula

• OIE Global Conference on Veterinary Legislation, Djerba, Tunisia, 7-9 December 2010

• OIE/FAO/WHO/WCS Global Conference on Wildlife Animal Health and Biodiversity, Paris, France, 23-25 February 2011

• OIE/FAO/WHO Global Conference on Rabies Control, Incheon–Seoul (Republic of Korea) 7-9 September 2011

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Veterinary/Medical EducationFirst Global Conference: "Evolving

veterinary education for a safer world”, Paris, France, 12-14 October 2009

• For enhanced collaboration between all stakeholders, the One Health approach should be integrated in curricula, university and vocational training courses

Second OIE “World Conference on Veterinary Education”, Lyon, France,13 to

14 May 2011

• Recommendation 16:“Countries and regions should encourage stronger cooperation between the various education systems for animal health and human health”

Third OIE Global Conference on Veterinary Education will take place from 4 to 6 December

2013 in Foz do Iguazu (Brazil)

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In collaboration with Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), FAO and WHO

Key considerations• Biodiversity and ecosystems services contribute to health• Need to increase the capacity of all countries worldwide to conduct

surveillance, early detection, and response to diseases in wildlife• Responsibilities of Veterinary Services and their government partners

to protect and improve animal health, including aspects related to wildlife and biodiversity

In collaboration with OIE, FAO and WHORabies control is considered as a priority model to apply the “One Health” concept by countries and Intergovernmental OrganisationsRecommendations e.g.: to encourage research to expand the scientific basis for the protection of biodiversity and environment to promote animal and public health

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High Level Technical Meeting on Health Risks at

the Human-Animal-Ecosystems Interfaces,

Mexico City, 15-17 November 2011*Puts into action the principles

of the OIE/FAO/WHO Tripartite NoteEstablishing intersectoral collaboration through:• Political will, trust and financial

support Achieving effective disease surveillance and response through:• Strong governance structures

and aligned legal frameworksEnsuring early detection and rapid response through:• Sharing information in disease

surveillance and reporting

Special focus on zoonotic influenza, rabies, and antimicrobial resistance

G20 Ministerial DeclarationMeeting of G20 Agriculture Ministers, June 2011 Action Plan on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture

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As far as public health, animal health and plant health are concerned, “we stress the importance of strengthening international and regional networks, international standards…

…We encourage international organizations, especially FAO, WHO, OIE, Codex, IPPC and WTO to continue their efforts towards enhancing interagency cooperation” (Point 25 of the Ministerial Declaration)

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OIE 5th Strategic Plan 2011-2015New actions• The application of the ‘One Health’ concept for

the reduction of risks of infectious diseases at the animal–human–ecosystems interface considering:• The contribution of animal health and

veterinary public health to the improvement of food security → strengthen food security through the reduction of disease in food-producing animals and in bees

• The relation between animal production and environment: the impact of climate and environmental changes on the occurrence and geographical spread of diseases, disease vectors and invasive species, and the impact of animal production practices on environment and climate change

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Resolution 27: The “One Health” Approach to Address Health Risks at the Animal-Human-Ecosystem Interface(Point 9): “The FAO/OIE/WHO Tripartite Concept Note be used as a basis for the cooperation of the OIE with WHO and FAO, and this also serve as a framework for the work of the OIE with other key partners such as the World Bank and European Union, civil society, the private sector and the many other supporters of the “One Health” approach”

Thank you for your attention

OrganisationMondialede la SantéAnimale

WorldOrganisationfor AnimalHealth

OrganizaciónMundialde SanidadAnimal

12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int

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Thank you again for your attention

OrganisationMondialede la SantéAnimale

WorldOrganisationfor AnimalHealth

OrganizaciónMundialde SanidadAnimal

12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int

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